Low-Cost Multicolor Plotters For Personal Computers
■X
COMPUTE!
The Leading Magazine Of Home, Educational, And Recreational Computing
$2,50
May
1983
issue 36
Vol, 5, No, 5
i3379 £1.85 in UK
Commentary:
Is Memory Expansion
Just A
Status Symbol?
Crosswords:
A Puzzle-Generating
Program For Atari,
VIC-20, TI-99/4A,
And Others
Jumping Jack:
A Unique Game
For VIC-20, Atari,
Texas Instruments,
And Commodore 64
Instant Art On
The Commodore 64
BASIC Utilities
For Atari And
Texas Instruments
7'.'i70"63379'
0 5
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Reviews
are
See us at Booth #1146
©€©iii>iM/SPRIMG '83
April 7A-29. 1983
Georgia World Congr*i* C«n1«r and
"NEVER'
forgets:'
O»orgta V/ar\6 Congr*i* C
fha Afiantq AppOf*! Merf
Alia mo. Georgia
MOiS THANJUST AHOnER nSTTY MCE.
Says who? Says ANSI.
Specifically, subcommittee X3B8 of the American
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But just who is "subcommittee X3B8" to issue such
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They're a group of people representing a large,
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3M, Lawrence Livermore Labs, The U.S. Department
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How? By gathering together periodically (often,
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and more rules to increase the quality of flexible
disks. Their most recent rule book runs over 20 single-
spaced pages— listing, and insisting upon— hundreds
upon hundreds of standards a disk must meet in
order to be blessed by ANSI. (And thereby be taken
seriously by people who take disks seriously.)
In fact, if you'd like a copy of this formidable docu-
ment, for free, just let us know and we'll send you
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We think you'll want us to make some Elephants
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ELEPHANT. HEiWY DUTY DISKS.
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Distributed Exclusively by Leading Edge Products, Inc., 225 Turnpike Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021
Call: toll-free 1-800-343-6833; or in Massachusetts call collect (617} 828-8150. Telex 951-624.
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TELEX: 95 1579
Iifia%
aliens jDur Kids can
reason ivifh
instead of destim
This year, thousands of hids will be
searching for the most amazing thing,
At Spinnaker, we don't believe in the
"hill or be killed" concept behind most
computer games. In fact, we believe
computer games should be instruc-
tive. Not destructive. Butjust as
importantly, they should be fun.
Thats why Ih 5EARCf1 Of TflE M05T
AMAZIMQ TfliriQ'ls designed to let your
kids negotiate with aliens Instead of destroy-
ing them. Because given the opportunity,
kids enjoy using their minds.
Ifs Amazingly Fun,
The Most Amazing Thing is out there
somewhere. Finding it won't be easy
But relax, your kids will have the
help of their old uncle 5moke Bailey
he'll give them a B-liner (sort of a
cross between a hot air balloon
and a dune buggy) to use on their
Journey They'll have to learn how to
fly the B-liner and navigate it through
storms and fog. But before they do
anything, your kids will have to talk to Old
5moke. He'll tell them about the Mire People
and the strange language that they speak, hie'll
also tell them to avoid the dangerous Mire
Crabs and how to get fuel for the B-liner
Your kids will wisit the Metallican Auction
where they'll trade with the aliens for valuable
chips. Your kids will then use these chips to buy
things they'll need for their trip. And your kids
will learn how to fly over the planet using their
Jet pack.
Tlie Most Amazing Thing
holds great powers, but it will
take great skill, persistence
and imagination to find it
Ifs Amazingly Educational.
in SEARCH OF TflE M05T
AMAZIflQ TFIIHQ is written by
Tom Snyder, educator and
author of the best-selling
Snooper Troop5'"Detective
Series.
And like all Spinnaker games, IM
SEARCH OF THE MOST AMAZIMQ THIMQ has real
educational value. For instance, your kids wl
sharpen their ability to estimate distances and
quantities. And since they'll be navi-
gating their B-liner, they'll become aware
of distance, direction and time. They'll also
develop a knack for economic and monetary
principles through trading with the aliens.
And they'll solve problems through trial
and error.
They'll learn all of these ttiings, plus they'll
learn that nothing is impossible if you put your
mind to it
A Hovel Approach to Computer C5ame5.
Besides offering your children ail of the above,
in SEARCH OF THE MOST AMAZIHQ THING gives
ttiem an opportunity to develop their reading
skills. Because included with the game is Jim
l^orrow'5 new novel The Adventures of Smoke
Bailey,' So your children will have hours of fun
reading the book or playing the game. And
they'll be learning at the same time.
Parental Discretion Advised.
If you're a parent who would rather see your
kids reason with aliens than destroy them,
you've got plenty of reasons to
ask your local software retailer
for IM SEARCH OF THE MOST
AMAZING THING. It's compatible
with Apple," IBM,' Atari,'" and
Commodore 64'" computers.
And it offers so much fun you'll
probably be tempted to play it yourself
Or you can write us directly at;
Spinnaker Software, 215 First Street
Cambndge, MA 02142.
You'll find this is one computer game that
won't alienate you from your
children.
sPiTfffan^R
We make learning fun.
Appie. iBMarwl fttjrJ arc 'C^srefPd irademarks of App4c Cornputei; (re. Iniefnawjnal Business Hacnrf>es Ctno afW Aldf i, int. re^pecttvely Ccmmo^Kn'C tAi^A Irademarh cf Cornrrodoie Eleciiwiics Limtted
© l9B!5oinfMker5oflwJri?Catn AH i-inh!^ rf«wrv«1
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May 1983 Vol. 5, No. 5
FEATURES
20 The New Low-Cost Printer/Rotters _ Tom R, Halfhill
34 Jumping Jack Paul Burger
44 Atari's New Add-On Computer For VCS 2600 Gome Machine Tom R. Halfhill
-48 One On One Chris York
62 Computers And Composition Joan Vesper
EDUCATION AND RECREATION
68 Deflector Frank Tyniw
76 Crosswords William Loercher
• 90 Checkers Lester W. Cain
97 Progromming Multicolor Characters On The VIC Bill McDonnell
102 Atari Storshof Matthias M. Giwer
143 Guess That Animal Ralph Kennedy
REVIEWS
112 Atari CX85 Numerical Keypad Charles Brannon
116 Three VIC Cartridge Gomes By Creative Software Harvey B. Herman
118 Hescount For PET/CBM And VIC Steve Leth
122 Micro-Systems' VIE Cartridge: VIC To IEEE Interface Karl Kel ley
126 Microteoch Teacher's Aide For The Atari Mike Kinnamon
COLUMNS AND DEPARTMENTS
8 The Editor's Notes Robert Lock
12 Readers' Feedback The Editors and Readers of COMPUTE!
28 Computers and Society David D, Thornburg
32 The Beginner's Page Richard Mansfield
58 Questions Beginners Ask Tom R. Halfhill
132 The World Inside The Computer: Software For Toddlers Fred D'Ignazio
140 Friends Of The Turtle David D Thornburg
156 Machine Language: Numeric Output, Parti Jim Butterfield
198 Insight Atari Bill Wilkinson
218 Programming The Tl: Graphics C. Regena
252 Guest Commentarv: Is RAM Memory A Status Symbol? Barry Miles
THE JOURNAL
146
-^50
154
- -161
162
166
176
184
192
— 204
211
214
222
226
234
235
— -237
238
244
249
250
255
260
128
129
265
276
281
283
288
VIC Kaleidoscope Alan W. Poole
Instant Commodore 64 Art Bob Urso
Graphics On The Sinclair/Timex Derek Stubbs
PET/CBM POP Michael W. Schaffer
Bootmaker For VIC. PET. And 6d M. G. RyschkewJtsch
Basic Atari BASIC Sorts E. P. McMohon
PET Super Editor Craig Disston
VICSTATION: A "Paperless Office" Joel Peter Anderson
Screen Printer For The Atari Wedge Michael E. Hepner
Commodore64 Video- A Guided Tour, Part IV Jim Butterfield
VC File Cose JohnStilwell
Ttie Atari Musician Barry Belian
VisitingTheVIC 20 Video, Parti Jim Butterfield
General-Purpose Data Base, Part II Jeffrey 3. Vohay
TCON: The Apple Writer Processes Programs Michoe I Ginsberg
Apple Fast Sort John San/er
64 Odds And Ends David Martin
Atari Times B, B. Garrett
Versatile Data Acquisition With VIC Doug Horner and Stan Klein
Optimizing PET Speed Michael W. Schaffer
Tl BASIC One -Liners - Michael A Covington
Disassemble To Printer Or Disk For Atari MorkChosin
The Apple Hi-Res Painter James Totten
A Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs
How To Type COMPUTEi's Programs
News & Products
Calendar
CAPUTE! Modifications Or Corrections To Previous Articles
Product Mart
Advertisers Index
NOTI: See poge 129
before typing In
programs.
GUIDE TO ARTICLES
AND PROGRAMS
V/64/AT/T1
AT
ATA//64/AP
V/AT/AP
P/AT/AP/riA/
64
V
AT
sn
AT
V
P/V
V
AT
AT
Tl
V
64
S/T
P/V/64
PA//64
AT
P
V
AT
64
V
AT
V
cm
AP
AP
64
AT
V
P
Tl
AT
AP
AP Apple. AT Atari P PET/
CBM. VVIC-20, O OSL C
Radio Shock Color Com-
puter. 64 Commodore 64,
S/T Sinclair ZX-81. Tl Texas
Instruments. 'Al! or several
oftheobove.
COMPUTE! The Journal tor Progressive Compuling (USI^; 537250) is published 12 times each year by Small System
Services, Inc., P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA, Phone: (919)275-9809, EditoriisI Offices are located at
505 Edwardia Drive, Greensboro, NC 27409. Domestic Subscriptions: 12 issues, $20.00. Send subscription orders or
change of address (P.O. form 3579) to Circulation Dept., COMPUTl! Magazine, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC
27403! Second class postage paid at Greensboro, NC 27403 and additional mailing of fices. Entire contents copyright
© 1983 by Small System Services, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 0194-357X.
TOUFREE
Subscription
Order Line
800-334-0868
lnNC91»-27S-9eO»
I COMVIE I
Introditcifig Snooper Troops
detective series.
Edticatiofial games tliat turn ordinary
homes into Sherlock homes.
Where can you find educational
gannes that your kids will really enjoy
playing?
Elementary, my dear Watson. From
Spinnaker
Our Snooper Troops detective games
are fun, exciting and challenging. And
best of all, they have real educationa
value. 5o while your hids are having
fun, they're learning.
As a Snooper Trooper, your child
will have a great time solving the
mysteries. But it will take some
daring detective work. They'll
have to question suspects, talk to
mysterious agents, and even search
dark houses to uncover dues.
The Snooper Troops programs are
compatible with
m
%
Apple,® IBM® and
Atari® computers and
provide your kids with everything they
need: a SnoopMobile, a wnst radio, a
Snoopflet computer, a camera for taking
Snoopshots and even a notebook for
keeping track of information.
Snooper Troops detective games help
your children learn to take notes, draw
maps, organize and classify information
and they help develop vocabulary and
reasoning skills. All while your kids are
-» having a good time.
So if you want to find educational
games that are really fun, here's
a clue: Snooper Troops games are
available at your local software
store, or by writing to: Spinnaker
Software, 215 First Street Cam-
bridge, MA 02142.
\Nq make learning fun.
© 5plnnaher Software Carp 1982 Apple, iQM and Aian aie registered tradsrvjrka of rtppie Com&jttr , Inc . tnic! national Busin«s P^achines Co/p Jimj f>itan, \nz . respecttvely
Spinnakerls early learning
games will help make your children
as smart as you tell eyeryone they are.
^«
Your kids are pretty smart
After all, they're /our kids.
Spinnaker can help make them even
smarter With a iine of educational software
that kids love to play
Spinnaker games make the computer
screen come to life with full color graphics
and sound, And they're fun. Lots of fun. But
they also have real educational value,
Some of our games help exercise your
child's creativity Others improve memory
and concentration. While others help to
improve your child's writing, vocabulary
and spelling skills.
And every Spinnaker game provides
familiarity with the computer and helps your
children feel friendly with the computer
Even if they've never used a comput-
er before.
And Spinnaker games are compati-
ble with the most popular computers:
Apple,® Atari® and IBM®
Our newest game, KinderComp'"
(Ages 3-8) is a collection of learn- <
ing exercises presented in a fun
and exciting manner
Rhymes and Riddles
(Ages 4-9) is a letter guess-
ing game featuring kids'
favorite nddles, famous say-
ings and nursery rhymes.
Story Machine'" (Ages
5-9) lets children write their
own stories and see them
j. come to life on the screen.
' And PACEMAKER™ lets your
children create their own funny
faces and make them wink, smile,
wiggle ears (not your kids' ears,
the ears on the screen), etc.
And we're intro-
ducing new games
all the time.
So look for Spinnaker
games at your local
software retailer, or by
writing to: Spinnaker
Software, 215 rirst St.,
Cambridge, MA 02142.
And show your kids
how smart their par-
ents really are.
SJ^nff)MK£ff
We make learning fun.
Appte, IBM and Atarj are fegntered tr«3eiriarh5 of Apple Computer, inc. InterndUoinai Buiinei^Machinei Coip af\d Alan. Inc , respectiweli/
Commodore 6^ is a trademarKotCommodofe Electronics Umlted.
EDITORS NOTES
The Eighth West Coast Com-
puter Faire was another
triumph for organizer Jim War-
ren. It's truly a consumer show,
and an exciting one, given that
many of us who don't have a
great deal of time for shows any
more continue to make time to
get to this one. The Civic Center
was packed (not only were the
hallways full of booths this year,
but the freight unloading area
as well). No one's quite sure
why the Faire doesn't head for
San Francisco's spacious new
Moscone Convention Center,
but we suppose there must be a
reason. There is a reason, isn't
there, Jim?
The Faire provides the op-
portunity for us to meet many of
our readers and authors, giving
us the chance to tie names to
faces. The excitement of the show
always stays with us for weeks.
Response to our call for
editors in the January issue of
COMPUTE! has been excellent,
and we're quite pleased to an-
nounce the addition of several
new staff members. Since you'll
become much more familiar with
them over the months ahead,
through both the book and maga-
zine divisions here, we thought
we'd tell you a bit about their
backgrounds now, and their
own personal computers as well:
Orson Scott Card, Editor,
COMPUTE! Books Division
Science fiction fans will already
know Scott. The rest of you
should know that he won the
Campbell Award as Best New-
Science Fiction Writer of the
year in 1978. And he was a four-
time runner-up for the Hugo
Award. Having also been an
editor, Scott brings a wealth of
8 COMPUTl! MOV1983
experience to COMPUTE! Boolcs.
(Atari 800.)
Gail Walker, Production Editor
After several years of work in
technical editing, communica-
tions, and corporate publishing
and research in Texas and Iowa,
Gail has joined our staff with
primary responsibility for super-
vision of copy editing and coor-
dination of scheduling and
planning between our editorial
and production departments.
(Commodore 64.)
Tony Roberts, Assistant
Managing Editor
Tony specializes in schcciuling
writers, bringing COMPUTE! the
skilled training developed after
many years of daily newspaper
work, both as a reporter and as
an editor. Tony's excitement
about the personal computer
revolution brought him to COM-
PUTE!, where he'l! be assisting
with the review of submitted
manuscripts, editing, and
helping supervise editorial
scheduling. (TI-99/4A; TRS-80.)
Dan Carmichael, Assistant Editor
After spending several years
programming mainframe com-
puters and developing docu-
mentation, Dan moved from
IBM Assembler to "VIC-20
Assembler." His experiences
and enthusiasm for the VIC led
him to COMPUTE!. VIC owners
can look forward to his monthly
column in the new COMPUTEI's
Gazette, and COMPUTE! readers
should watch for regular contri-
butions in these pages. (VlC-20.)
Stephen Levy, Assistant Editor
Stephen came to our attention
via a series of excellent articles
he'd written for COMPUTE!, After
fifteen years as a public school
teacher, he decided to bring his
skills to us. His sensitivity to the
needs of the average computer
user make him a valuable addi-
tion to our editorial staff.
(Atari 800.)
Random Bits
Rumor has it that we'll see Atari
introducing a revised and ex-
panded version of the 1200, with
more features. Looks aren't
evcn/fltiu^. The recent moves by
Texas Instruments to lock up the
cartridge "marketing" market
would seem to pose at least one
clear danger. Rather than locking
up that market, they may simply
have it all to themselves. TI has
refused to license the rights to
their graphics ROM (GROM),
and thus is the only manufac-
turer capable of producing TI
cartridges. We suspect that
smaller vendors may choose to
support other computers rather
than attempt to resolve the maze
of dealing directly with TI. On
the other hand, they do have a
far more effective marketing
reach than independent vendors
usually do.
As the price of the VIC-20
and Commodore 64 charge
downward, we hear that Com-
modore will be placing more
and more emphasis on the de-
velopment of the 64 market.
And Commodore dealers, many
of whom are upset over the
placement of the 64 into the
mass distribution chains, will be
forced to concentrate their ener-
gies on the new P and B series
machines.
AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
FOR YOUR COMMODORE COMPUTER
InfoPro is a menu driven and interactive "information management"
system for tlie Commodore 8032 computer, InfoPro uses "friendly"
screen prompts that "guide" you from function to function. Tliis
makes InfoPro unusuaily easy to learn and just as easy to operate.
For Mailing List applications InfoPro can print up to 8 labels across
and even has a built in "structure" with fields already preset. This
structure can easily be changed to fit many other types of office jobs.
Another extremely powerful feature of InfoPro is Super Scan. The
Super Scan feature acts like an "electronic filing cabinet" and pro-
vides the user with almost instantaneous access to the data stored
in a file. The powerful Report Generator allows you to "select" infor-
mation for printing based on up to 5 different parameters or criteria
and to perform various math functions.
Another powerful and indispensable feature is InfoPro's ability to
interact with the WordPro family of word processing programs. This
provides the user with a "link" from the area of data information
WordPro and InfoPro are registered trademarks of Professional Software
management to the area of word processing, allowing the user to
manipulate, sort, and select data by certain criteria, which can then
be inserted into "personalized" letters, documents, overdue notices,
etc. InfoPro will also allow you to ADD, DELETf; or CHANGE your
information "fields" any time you wish. This means that as your
business changes, InfoPro has the flexibility to change with it.
As with ali Professional Software products, InfoPro comes complete
with a professionally written and fully-tested user oriented manual.
InfoPro also includes a program ROM, and InfoPro System Diskette.
Start managing your information today.
Call us today for the name of the Professional Software dealer nearest
you.
Professional Software Inc.
51 Fremont Street
Needham, MA 02194
Tel: (617) 444-5224
Telex: 951579
Pubhsher-'Edifor-ln-Chief
Publisher s Assistant
Robert C lock
AJce5.Wotfe
Senior Editor
Managing Editor
Assistant Managing Edilor
Production Editor
Features Editor
Technical Edilor
Pj'ogram Editor
Editorial Assistant
pTog ram m i n g Assista nts
Administrative Assistants
Assistont Copy Editor
Copy Assistant
Associate Editors
Contrlbijfing Editor
Richard Mansfield
Kathfeen E Martinek
lony Roberts
Goii Walker
TomR Holthtll
OttisRCowper
Charles 6?anr>on
KothyYokal
Pctnck Pa Irish
Gregg Peefe
ViCki Jennings
lauralvlcfadden
CoroJ Ecfdv
Juonita lewis
Becky Hall
IvlQfy Parker
Jim Butterlield.
Toronto, Conodo
Harvey Herman.
Greensboro, NC
Fred D'Ignazio.
2117 Carter Rd.S.W.
Roonoite. VA 2dOl5
David Thomburg
). Box 1317. L05 Altos, CA 94022
BillWilkinson
COMPUTE' s Book Division
Editor
Assistant Editor
Artist
Orson Scott Cord
Step hen Levy
Janice Farv
Art Director/Production tyjanager Georgia Popadopoulos
Assistant
Artists
Typesetting
Illustrator
Promolion Assislont
Pr od uct io n Assistant
frma Swom
De Potter
Jean iHend^ix
Terry Cash
Harry Btair
Todd Heimarck
Do>r?ees
Associate Publisher/Nationol
Advertising Soles Wonager
Advertising Coordinator
Advertising Accounts
Sales Assistant
AndyMeehan
Patti\MI]iams
Bonnie Valentino
Rosemarie Davis
O per o lion s/Customer
Service Manager
Assistants
Dealer Coordinator
Assistant
Assistants
Shipping & Receiving
Carol Lock
Potty Jones
Shannon Ivteyer
Fran Lyons
Gail Jones
Christine Gordon
Cassandra Robinson
Dorothy Bogan
Shoion Minor
Chris Potty
Rhonda Savage
Liso Fiohorty
JimCoword
Loriy O'Connor
Chris Cain
L>ata Processing Manager
Assistant
Leon Stokes
JOon Compton
Accournting Manager
Bookkeeper
Accounting Assistants
Assistants
W. Jej-ry Day
Ellen Day
Lindo i^oquemore
Doris Holt
liufh Granger
AnrKJ Harris
EmiEieCovll
Anne Ferguson
Small System Services. Inc pubfisrtes
COMPUTi!Bool(5
Corporote off Ic*:
505 Edwofdio Drive.
Greensboro. NC 27409 USA
Mailing cKidress; COMPUH!
Post Office Box 54D6
GreenslDoro. NC 27403 USA
Telephone: 919-275'9S(»
Robert C Lock President
W. Jerry Day. Vtce- President and Comptroller
E, Norman Granom, Vice-President ond Generol Counsel
Kattileen E Mortirek, Assistant To The President
Sonjo Whrtesell. Executive Assistant
Coming In June
How To Buy Ttie Rtgiit Printer
TI-99/4 Structured BASIC
Atari Player/Missiles Made
Simple
The New, Low-Cost Printers
Two Extraordinary Games:
The Hawkmen Of Dindrin
And Asfrostorm
PET Machine Language
Uncompactor
Data Searcher For PET, VIC,
And C-64
Apple Shape Generator
TR$-80 Color Computer:
The Printer Connection
Subscription Information
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TOLL FREE
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Authors o) manuscripts warrant that all materials submitted to COMPUTE! ore originol rnalerials witli full
ownership rights resident in said duttiors. By submitting articles to COMPUTE!, authors acknowledge that
such rraterials, upon acceptance for publication, become the exclusive property of Small System Ser-
vices. Inc. No portion of this magazine may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the
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should beor tlie trtle of the article, date and name of the author. COMPUTE! oisumes no liobility for errors in
articles or advertisements. Opinions expressed by authors are not necessorily those of COMPUTE!.
PfT. C6H WC-20ond Commooofe M are TrodetTioiits of
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AppJe li a hcxismaik of Apple CoTiputef Company.
ATAra IS a !ia<temarV pt Almi. Iric
TJW/dA I! a ffodefTiofV of te^as iftsfiuiyionts Inc
fioOO SrtocIf Color Compulel h a Ircdemotlc of Tondy. Inc
10 COMPUTC! May 1983
^ I II s i
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READERS' FEEDBACK
The Editors and Readers of COMPUTE!
What Does A Light Pen Do?
I own a VIC-20. In COMPUTE! I see advertisements
for a new light pen for the VIC. I am not sure what
a light pen does exactly. What does it do? Do you
recommend buying one?
Rich Cope
The display on a video screen is not nearly ns static ns it
appears. It is actually "re-draivn" many times per sec-
ond by an electron beam. Moreover, it is not a solid
picture, but rather a slack of closely spaced horizontal
lines like a ji^saio puzzle made up entirely of long, thin
rectangular pieces. An important characteristic is that
the beam always "draws" the entire screen, and at a
constant speed. Tims the drawing always takes the
same amount of time, whether the display is bla)ik or
filled with an intricate pattern.
The light pen is a light detection device. It "sees"
the electron beam as it draws the lines across the screen.
By checking to see hoiv much time passes between ivhen
the beam starts drawing the picture and when the pen
detects the beam, the computer can determine how far
the beam has drawn, and thus where on the screen the
light pen is positioned.
A light pen is useful for pointing to things on the
screen. One of the nuist common uses for the pen is to
select items from a list simply by pohiting at the desired
item. Another demonstration we have seen involves
"playing" a piano by pointing zvith the light pen to the
desired "keys" on a keyboard display. Light pens also
provide you with an easy way to "sketch" on the
screen .
Tl Clock
Since there is no realtime clock built into the Ex-
tended BASIC on the TI-99/4A, is there any coding
scheme to simulate one?
John J. Mahoney
You can insert a FOR/NEXT loop wherever you wish
to make some time elapse. The number of times the loop
is executed can be varied depending on the timing re-
quirements of your program. First choose some arbitrary
number of times that you wish the program to run
through the FOR/NEXT loop. Then time the results
when the program is executed. If the time that transpires
when the program is run is too long, simply usea smaller
limit in the loop. This method depends on actual pro-
cessing time, so if you add or delete program statements,
12 COWUIB MOV 1983
be sure to adjust the FOR./NEXT limit accordingly.
For example, see how long FOR T= 1 TO
5000:NEXT T takes to finish. ^Then change the 5000
limit to suit your needs.
NiJfekop Decoded
In your review of the latest games from Niifekop
Software (February 1983, p. 140), you write: "the
word Niifekop, according to the firm's early ads,
has a Druid origin, and means putting an extraor-
dinarily large amount into a small pocket or en-
closure, possibly through the use of magic."
This must have been tongue-in-cheek. Surely
you recognize "poke fun" spelled backwards.
J. R. Thompson, Jr.
Gary Elder, President of Niifekop, responds:
We lucre completely shocked, but it's true! We're
amazed, as always, at the visionary powers of the
Druids.
Cassette Drive Risk
I have set my VIC on a timer. The PLAY key on
the tape drive is left depressed. When the system
powers up I would like for it to load and run the
program on the tape. How do I do this?
T. H. Homer III
If would be better to avoid leaiuug any of the tape-moving
keys (REW, F.FWD, or PLAY) down while the unit is
turned off. This can cause significant damage to a tape
machine.
The tape is pulled through your drive at a uniform
rate. The computer would not be able to load your pro-
grams from the tape drive if the rate deviated much
from the norm. Inside the tape player are a capstan a}ui
a pinch roller (see illustration). When the PLAY button
is pressed, the capstan revolves and the pinch roller
holds the tape firndy against the capstan. The roller is
made of hard rubber, but left pressed against a motionless
capstan, it can be deformed.
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^^-f^: T-f^^ />-^^. 7^-f~~^ ^,ri^-^ /
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r-^
Look what
for your VIC 20.
/
'tS.
Fast action, Complex strategies.
Interesting characters. Supe^~f-^'
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.^f play.
/ These are the things you-vyant
^o»
«tOH
-^
Irom your VIC 20
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They're also the things you get
fronn Tronix. From the people who
brought you Swarm!, Sidewinder
and Galactic Blitz.
\}
;^r^ And now, there's more. 7 ^
lj---l /Now Tronix brings you the same
■T^..._^warding rapid-fire excitement in
^three brand-new game cartridges.
Each one is something dif-
ferent. Something new. But they all
"^y — /have one thing in common, t'---^^
They're all designed to bring ^
out the best in your VIC 20.
You shouldn't settle for any
thing less. _
/
Jimmy Huey. ' ,
In a predatory world '^"^
of killer worms, dragons, stalk- p
ers, pods and fly traps, the scor- V~-^,
pion prowls the maze in search
of sustenance. Frogs and their -
eggs mean survival to the scorpion.
But they can also mean instant^
deathj (Suggested {etail$39.95J.
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4a
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4 J
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By
Thomas Kim.
•'^ Your helicopter gurv-
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/jBombs and anti-aircraft fire, there's
T^tess and less room for a wrong
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■Corey Ostman.
Deep in the earth, a
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Look for Tronix games in your nearest store. If you can't find them there, write to us.
VIC 20'" IS a tradcnark ol Commooore Electrcnics Lici
i>iuw.iliii1
From time to time i/ou'H get a shoppiug cart at the
market with a wheel that has been similarly damaged.
In that situation, you're in for a noisy, bumpy trip
through the store. A bad pinch roller would have far
more serious effects: you would begin to have frequent
load errors.
If you luant a program to start running at a certain
time, just set the internal clock. You don't need to
involve the tape player at all. For example, to start a
program that wakes you up with VIC nnisic in eight
hours:
10 TI$="000000": REM 00 hours/ 00M
INUTES/ 00SECONDS
20 IF VAL(TI$) = 80000 THEN 40
30 GOTO 20
40 REM YOUR MUSIC PROGRAM STARTS H
ERE
The VIC uses about a nickel's worth of electricity
every 24 hours if you leave it on continuously. It's
probably its own best tinier.
How To Use Atari's Player/Missile
Features
I am an Atari 800 owner. How do you use player/
missile graphics? So far, in at least ten publications
I have read about enabling it and that's where they
stop.
Ely Manero
Player/ missile graphics are a powerful, but complex
tool. There are a nuifiber of things to learn before you
can take advantage of all the options that PI M graphics
make available to you. It's rather like learning BASIC
itself; there's no way to master it in an hour. Your best
bet might be to look over and practice with the numerous
PIM articles in the new COMPUTEI's First Book Of
Atari Graphics. The book was designed to teach Atari
graphics, one step at a time. You might find one of Bill
Wilkinson's contributions to that book, "Introduction
To Player/ Missile Graphics," especially helpful. See the
COMPUTE! Books ads elsewhere in this issue.
VIC PILOT Decimal Division
I teach a Computer Programming course to 8th
graders at our school, Castillero Middle School,
San Jose, California. We have seven Commodore
PETs and a VIC-20. The language, of course, is
BASIC.
But now we are also using PILOT .... from
COMPUTERS December 1982 issue. Our students
are finding it quite interesting to write programs
in PILOT that they had previously written in
BASIC. •
One of my students, Mike Jennings, was
intrigued with the notion that PILOT was integer
only. He wondered whether it would be possible
16 COMPUm Moywes
to have PILOT do decimal division. The result
was a program he wrote which does just that.
The user is prompted for two numbers, and for
the number of decimal places desired. One small
problem is when the division works out evenly:
that is, when the decimal terminates. In such cases
an additional zero is printed.
I thought it was a pretty good effort for an
8th grader with only a semester of programming.
Lawrence E. Corina
70 T:
1 *AGAIN
2 T:
3 T:2 NUMBERS?
4 C:#T = 0
5 A:#A
6 I:#A = 333
7 JY:*END
8 A:#B
9 T:CARRY OUT HOW MANY PLACES?
10A:#L
12 »MAIN PART
14I:#A<#B
16 TY;.;
18JN:»A>B
20CY:#A = #A*10
22C:#C = #A/#B
24C:#T = #T + 1
26C:#D = #C»#B
28C:#E = #A-#D
30C:#A = #E*10
32 T:#C;
33I:#T = #L
34JY;»AGAIN
35I:#C = 0
36JN:22
38JY:*AGAIN
44* A>B
46C:#C = #A/#B
48 T:#C.;
50C:#D = #B»#C
52C:#E = #A-#D
54C:#A = #EnO
56 J:35
60 »END
64 Tape Control
I'm a beginning programmer; I'm getting a big
headache trying to solve what originally seemed
to be a simple problem. My program instructs the
user of a Commodore 64 to press fast forward on
the Datassette. When it senses that the button is
down it prints OK. After a time interval I want
the Datassette turned off automatically by the
computer. I've tried every POKE possible and
haven't got one that works. I thought that this one
would work;
POKE(l),PEEK(l)AND 39
... but it doesn't.
How can I do this?
Jim Butterfield replies:
You're close. Two more things, and you'll have every-
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defense, you are transported to another, then another more distant 3-D
environment. With these progressively difficult scenes, A.E. delivers the
ultimate challenge.
Never has a computer game required
such precision, such timing. You'll be
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Now available for Apple II,
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^AppJe and Alan are regtslered irademarks ol
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thing workiiig.
Fir:;t: ilic motor logic is iinvrted, so to tun} the
motor off, you must turn the control bit (value 32)
on. To turn bits on, you need an OR function rather
than an AND. So your code will be: POKE I.PLEKCl)
OR 32.
Seco)id: the motor is also cojitrollcd bi/ an interlock,
address 192 on the VIC and Commodore 64. If this
location contains a zero, you can try to turn the motor
off ... but it will be turned right back on again. You
must set the interlock to any non-zero value after tlie
motor has been turned on. Then, and only then, your
POKE to address 1 will shut Ihe motor off.
The interlock location, 192, will switch back to
zero automatically -when the user releases the Datassette
key. If this kei/ is still dozen, you can turn the cassette
}notor back on again very easihf. just release the interlock
with POKE 192,0.
So your procedure is asfolloxos:
1 . Wait for the user to press the appropriate cassette
key 'which will cause the NU)tor to start. Then POKE
192,1.
2. When llic appropriate time has elapsed, POKE
l,PEEK(-l)OR32.
Zeroing Into VIC TInymon
Why does Jim Butterfield say that a SYS to any
memory location containing a zero value will in-
voke Tinymon? I would have thought that a SYS
to the memory location containing the first byte
of Tinymon would be the only way to make it run.
Roy Underhill
The zero i}ieans sometbi)ig special to the 6502 micro-
processor chip. In its language (machine language), the
zero is a BRK (break). That instruct io)! forces control of
the computer to go to an address contained i)i the "break
interrupt vector." This is a two-byte-long "pointer"
ivhich you can change to point to any address. On the
VIC, this vector is located in addresses 790 and 791
(decimal). If you make it pioint to the entry point in
Tinymon (entry points are not ahoays the first byte),
then any time you SYS to a zero, the computer will
"break" to the entry and Tinymon will be off ami
running.
True Random Numbers For TI-99/4
Regena writes about randomness on the 99/4 in
her column in the February issue. I would like to
share some discoveries I have made on this subject
with your readers.
First of all, there seems to be some confusion
about how the RANDOMIZE statement works in
TI BASIC and TI Extended BASIC. As Regena
pointed out, if you do not use this statement in
your program prior to using the RND function,
you will receive the same sequence of numbers
each time you run the program. All your friends
around the country with 99/4's will gel the same
numbers as you do, too. When the computer en-
counters the RANDOMIZE statement, it puts you
back at the beginning of a new list of pseudo-
random numbers.
That term "pseudo-random" is important.
The 99/4 A User's Reference Guide makes a point to
mention that the RND function "gives you the
next pseudo-random number in the current se-
t]uence of pseudo-random numbers." If you use
the RANDOMIZE statement once, then, you may
or may not get the same sequence of numbers.
However, using the RANDOMIZE statement
over and over again in the program just puts you
back at the beginning of another list. In reality,
there seem to be certain numbers that the con>
puter prefers to put at the top of its lists, so in
games there may be some numbers that are never
generated because you never make it far enough
up into the current list to get that number. The
point is, repeating the RANDOMIZE statement
does NOT niake your program more random.
I have found that the only way to make the
computer generate a totally unpredictable set of
numbers is to use the RANDOMIZE statement
once at the start of the program, then when you
need to wait for the user to press a key, do this:
100 CALL KEY(0,K,S)
110Z=RND
120 IF S"0 THEN 100
Since the time it takes a human to press a key will
not be exactly the same each time the program is
used, the computer will read down the list of
pseudo-random numbers an unpredictable
number of places.
Steve Davis
TRS-80 Color Computer Group
I would like to inform your readers through your
"Ask The Readers" column, that there is now a
TRS-80 Color Computer Users Group in Mil-
waukee, WI. For more information write to:
CoCo-MUG
c/o Tom Fandre
2420 Mistv Lane
Waukesha, WI 53186
(414)542-0600
Steve Koszuta
COMPUTE! welcomes questions, connnents, or
solutions to issues raised in this column. Write to:
Readers' Feedback, COMPUTE! MflX"='"t'' ^'-O.
Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403. COMPUTE!
reserves the right to edit or abridge published
letters. " ©
nMTffY
compuTER onmE
IS nOlU R CARTRIDGE. TOO!
FORTHEHTflRHOO/800'
CHOPUFTER!
Brilliant animation, dazzling graphics and world-class
arcade action have made Choplifter the favorite of tens of
thousands of Apple II and Atari 400/800 owners. Previously
released only on disk, Choplifter is now available in a con-
venient plug-in ROM cartridge.
Now you too can unleash the
hero witiiin you as you pilot your
rescue chopper behind enemy lines,
saving your comrades from enemy
fire,
Choplifter's detailed, lifelike
3-D graphics will give you a sense
of realism unmatched by any other
game available today
cmnifTURi
^r BrdbwiI Sofuun
SO IS RITIERICR'S mOST RDDICTIflG
SERPtmiNE!
■111 ^WWW lllk.^ ^
Yet another Braderbund hit, Serpentine thrusts
you into a terrifying age when mighty serpents
ruled the earth! Serpentine will hold your inter- ^ „ZI!lL._ \
est through hundreds of plays . . . challenging B "/~"~~
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Join the legion of Choplifter heroes and brave Serpentine warriors
and discover a whole new world of arcade action.
Brederbund products are available at your retailer or by writing to:
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•Atari 400/800 and Apple II ars regisiereil trademarks of Atari, Inc. anii Apple Computer, Inc., fespectiwly.
The New Low-Cost
Printer/Plotters
Tom R Halfhill, Feotures Editor
Recent price hrcaktltrou^'ihs are niakiii^'^ color prinierl
plotters as ensi/ to afford as tlie iieiv low-end Uouie
computers,. Here's a roundup of the ninjor nwdels now
nppcarin;^ on the market for Atari, Commodore, Radio
Shack, and Texas Instruments computers.
If you're a person who likes to doodle on your
memo pad at work, or in the? margins of your notes
at school, then this article is probably for you.
Especiallv if vou sometimes doodle in color.
And if you envy the graphic designs on this page.
And if you wish there were more to computer
graphics printouts than black-and-white dot-
matrix dumps.
Multicolor graphic designs, drawings, charts,
and graphs have long been possible with
peripheral devices known as plotters. Plotters are
closely related to printers. The main difference is
that printers create an image by striking the paper
with a print head, while plotters actually draw on
the paper with ballpoint or felt-tip pens, just as
people do. Of course, because plotters are con-
trolled by computers, they can draw with greater
precision than the finest human draftsman.
Although plotters have been around for years,
they haven't seen much use on home/personal
computer systems because of their high cost,
typically several thousand dollars. But that's about
to change, thanks to a new generation of econom-
ical printer/plotters (so-named because they can
print text in addition to plotting figures). For ex-
ample, the four-color designs illustrating this arti-
cle were produced by the new Atari 1020 Printer/
Plotter, which is just coming on the market for
only S299. Similar low-cost models for other home
computers have been introduced by Commodore,
Radio Shack, and Texas Instruments.
A Revolver Loaded With Pens
Three main features separate printer/plotters
from ordinary printers: the ability to dra^v con-
tinuous lines in anv direction, the abilit\' to draw
in several colors, and the ability to .scroll the paper
both forward and backward as they draw.
Printers are designed primarily for printing
■ out text and are severely limited when it comes to
graphics. So-called dais\rwhee\ or letter-quality
printers ~ those that stamp their characters on
paper with a typewriter-like striker - are limited
to the characters on their striking wheels or balls.
By printing patterns of X's, asterisks, periods, or
so forth, they can create crude figures or charts.
Dot-matrix printers are a little more flexible.
Their print heads have a row of tiny pointed wires
which are "fired" at the paper in certain patterns
to form characters out of small dots. In addition
to regular alphanumeric characters, most dot-
matrix printers also have special graphics charac-
ters. Generally these are smaH shapes or blocks
which can be grouped together to make figures.
With special programs, most dot-matrix printers
20 COMPUTl! M0]y1983
Can you meet the challenges
of 3 totally unique 3-D screens?
TRION I. THE 3-D CANYON.
TRION 11. THE 3-D TUNNEL
TRION III. THE 3-D BARRIER.
You're gonna need all the ammo, all the
fuel you can bag to survive the deadly
incendiary ambush ...the dangerous
drone freighters. . . all the dynamic thrills
of non-stop 3-D excitement. So hold on...
Trion's gonna grab you!
arcadeouauty
high-res'graphics
100% machine LANGUAGE
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FROM THE MAKERS OF HOT UPS,
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$39.95. SEE YOUR DEALER OR
ORDER DIRECT SOON FOR IBM'!
W 3-D GAME!
London
Software
374 WildwoodAve., Piedmont, CA 94611
PHONE ORDERS: [415} 893-1090 VISA/MC
Please sad St.SOpaslago and hamlling.
Calif, residents add 6.5% sales lax.
•COMPUTEH DEALER MAGAZINE, January. 1983
• Atari 400/800 and IBM are reglslertd trademarks of
Atari Inc. and IBM
<^ 1983 by London Software
DESIGNED BY GREG YOUNG. FOR ATARI 400/800." AND YOU.
THE NEW ATARI 1200XL HOME COMPUTER
MAKES SOPHISTICATED GRAPHICS AND
SOUND SO EASY TO PROGRAM,
ONLY the new ATARI 1200XL Home Computer combines cus-
tom microchip technology with 64K RAM computing power to de-
liver graphics and sound capabilities that are so easy to program. The
ATARI 1200X1 has 11 graphics modes and 5 text modes. (The Commo-
dore 64 and Apple ll-e have only 2 graphics modes and 1 text mode.)
Additional text and graphics modes allow users to easily program
sophisticated graphics effects with relatively few commands, taking
full advantage of the 256 color variations available. The sound capa-
bilities of the ATARI 1200XL are also easy to program. Four distinct
"voices" spanning 3V2 octaves are controlled by a separate microchip,
leaving the principal microprocessor chips free to perform other tasks.
ONLY the ATARI 1200X1 offers a keyboard featuring 8 pro-
grammable function keys controlling 16 functions in a 64K computer
(That's twice as many as the Commodore 64). Four new function
keys enable you to lock and unlock the keyboard electronically disable
the screen DMA for faster processing time, generate European lan-
guage or graphics characters, turn the keyboard sound on and off or^^
access the one-touch cursor control. The unique user-definable "help"
THE NEW
O A Warner Communications Company © ms. awi, inc. aii rights reserved.
key permits users to self-test ROM, RAM, audio-visual circuitry and
l<eyboard functionality or call up assistance within complex programs.
For even more help, Atari gives you a toll-free number to call for
product and technical information (800) 538-8543; in California
1-(800) 672-1404.
ONLY the ATARI 1200XL offers you a home computer com-
patible with virtually all ATARI Computer peripherals and software
(compatibility that other new computers like the Commodore 64 don't
offer). There are over 2,000 programs and seven programming lan-
guages currently available for tfie ATARI 1200XL New programs like
AtariWriter'" and languages like ATARI Microsoft BASIC, Assembler
Editor, PILOT, Pascal, ATARI BASIC, Forth, and Macro Assembler offer
you even greater programming challenges and flexibility
ONLY Atari puts so much more in the new 1200XL Home
Computer so you get so much more out of it.
AIARri200xL
HOME COMPUTER
also can produce screen dtinips - direct dot-by-dot
copies of images on the computer screen. The
limitations are that the screen dumps are only
black-and-white, and have low resolution, since
they are composed of masses of dots.
Plotters work on an entirely different princi-
ple. Expensive plotters usually have an arm,
guided by tracks or rails, which grasps one
ballpoint or felt-tip pen at a time. Beneath the
arm, the sheet of paper {or plastic transparency)
is held flat and stationary on the plotter. Under
computer control, the arm can slide in any direc-
tion on its guide rails to draw continuous lines.
When a line is supposed to end, the arm lifts the
pen off the surface a fraction of an inch, moves to
where the next line is to begin, and sets the pen
back down to resume drawing. To change colors,
the arm automatically lifts the pen, moves it off
the paper, sets it in a rack, and picks up another
pen from the rack. Some expensive plotters have
racks with a dozen or more different-colored
pens.
The new low-cost plotters for home com-
puters take a somewhat different approach, but
the result is the same. To cut costs, the complex
movable arms, guide rails, and racks of pens are
eliminated. Instead of drawing lines by moving
an arm over flat, stationarv paper, the new plotters
hold the pen stationary and roll the paper beneath
it. To make it possible to draw lines in any direc-
tion, the paper roller can rotate forward and back-
ward, unlike conventional printers. And the low-
cost plotters can lift the pen off the paper and set
it back down to draw lines of anv length similar
to their more expensive cousins.
The new plotters also have a simpler way of
changing pen colors. Instead of using a movable
arm to pluck pens from a rack, they store four
very small, colored pens in a rotating barrel. The
barrel looks something like the cylinder of a re-
volver, except that there are spring-loaded pens
where the bullets would be. To change colors, the
plotter rotates the barrel, and a plunger presses
the correct pen into contact with the paper.
As you might guess, the whole operation
requires lots of precision, and it's amazing to see
such devices sell for only a tew hundred dollars.
To further cut costs, all the new plotters use nar-
rower paper (about 40 columns wide), and are
limited to four colors at one time - although the
pens are sometimes interchangeable so that many
different colors are possible.
The Patience Of A Monk
Now that you know how a plotter draws pictures,
you might be wondering how a printer/plotter
prints text. After all, it doesn't have a conventional
print head.
The answer is simple, though the method is
not. A printer/plotter draws characters the same
way it draws pictures: one line at a time. It's fun
to watch. Tediously but precisely, with the pa-
tience of a medieval monk, the plotter scrolls the
paperback and forth under the pen to carefully
scribe each letter, number, and symbol. Since
printing is a lot slower than typing, printer/plotters
take a long time to generate text. Although the
characters come out looking sharper than a dot-
matrix printout, you probably won't want to use
a printer/plotter for listing many programs - unless
you, too, have extraordinary patience.
To control a plotter, you can write a program
in BASIC or in another language that may be avail-
able for your computer (Logo, PILOT, etc.). The
svntax varies, but generally you specify the X
(horizontal) and Y (vertical) coordinates for each
line; or, in the case of languages with turtle
graphics, a direction and distance (i.e., RIGHT
90:FORWARD 10). To print text, vou use a PRINT-
type statement similar to BASIC'S "PRINT."
Printer/plotters have built-in character sets, so
you don't have to issue volumes of commands to
form each tiny character. Some printer/plotters
even have several different-sized character sets to
choose from.
Besides drawing pretty graphics designs,
printer/plotters also are widelv used for creating
illustrative figures, charts, and graphs. It's usually
easv to mix graphics and text.
In alphabetical order, here's a roundup of the
new geiieration of low-cost printer/plotters for
popular home computers:
Atari 1020
The Atari 1020 uses standard AV2 inch-wide roll
paperand has text modes of 20, 40, orSt) characters
per line. The text modes are selectable from the
computer keyboard and can be freely mixed with
Atari T020
Printer/Plotter
charts, tables, and figures. In the 40-column mode,
it prints at 10 characters per second (cps). There's
also an international character set to complement
the one on the new Atari 1200XL computer. The
1020 is styled to match the 1200XL and to fit neatly
2i COMPUTC! May 1983
GamSS ^011 tdVk take
^ home to your munnny.
» orrcf Commodore 64. T/-K5/4A. Rndto Shack _ .
^ j^Apptc //, and IBM-PC ore trademarks oj Atari. Jnc,
rfon- JnlifrnuffontiJ, /nc Tt-xas Inalrumetits, Inc.. Tandif Cor-
1, Applt Comptiter, trie,, and IBM, Inc. respectively. At!
'^ame liHen ore tmdeinorhs oJ Synapse Software.
cassette and cartridge
for the Atari 400/800
computers, m hase and other titles avail-
able soon for the Commodore 64^ the VIC-20t
Ti-99/4A, Apple ii. Radio Shack Color Computer^
and IBM-PC.
synapse
5221 Central Avenue *200, Richmond, CA 94804 • (415) 527-7751
atop its case.
Under program control, the printer/plotter
can draw to any vertical/horizontal coordinates
with its four-pen print head. The standard colors
are black, red, blue, and green. FA^hl other colors
also will be available. Four buttons on the plotter
control the power, pen color, pen change, and
paper feed.
Atari says the 1020 should be available this
spring for S299.
Commodore CBM 1520
The CBM 1520, announced at the Winter Con-
sumer Electronics Show (CES), uses standard 4'/2
inch-wide roll paper in a 5-inch carriage. Pro-
totypes had a four-color print head with black,
purple, green, and red pens.
Commodore CBM 1520
Printer/Plotter
Prototypes also appeared to have two differ-
ent-sized text modes. High-resolution figures are
possible with the plotter's ability to "step" up to
480 positions horizontally and 999 positions verti-
callv- The plotter has a power switch on the side
and three topside buttons for paper feed, color
change, and pen change.
The 1520 is designed primarily for the VlC-20
and Commodore 64 computers, hut could be in-
terfaced to other mociels as well.
Commodore says the 1520 should be available
this spring for $199.95.
Radio Shack CGP-115
The CGP-115, already on the market, uses stan-
dard 4'/3 inch roll paper and comes with red, bkre,
green, and black pens in its four-color print head.
Like Commodore's CBM 1520, the Radio Shack
plotter can step up to 480 positions horizontally.
However, there is no limit to the vertical steps.
There are two text modes - 40 or 80 columns
at 12 cps. Under program control, other size char-
acters can be drawn and even rotated. Topside
buttons control the power, paper feed, and color
26 COMMJTi! May 1983
Radio Shack CGP-115
Color Graphics Printer
selection.
TheCCP
15 sells for $249.95.
Texas Instruments HX-1000
The HX-1000 differs from the other printer/plotters
in that it is portable and uses narrower 2'/4 inch-
wide roll paper. In the text mode, it can print up
to 18 standard characters or 36 compressed char-
acters per line, but eight other sizes are available
as well. It prints at 12 cps.
The four-color print head comes with black,
blue, red, and green pens. Ten control codes sent
from the computer control various functions of
the plotter. There is also an on-off/reset switch
and a paper feed button.
The HX-1000 is powered by five AA-size (pen-
light) batteries or an AC adapter/charger. It is
designed to work directly with Texas Instruments'
two newest computers, the under-$100 TI-99/2
and the portable Compact Computer 40. The plot-
ter also works with the TI-99/4A if connected
through a $59.95 Hex-Bus interface.
Texas Instruments says the HX-1000 should
be available this spring for S199.95. The Hex-Bus
Interface should be available shortlv thereafter.
Texas Instruments
HX-1000 Printer/Plotter
§) 1W3 Sptclra VKleO. inc
THE PERSONAL COMPUTER
YOU'LL GROW INTO, NOT OUT OF.
SPECTRAVIDEO SV-318 COMPUTER COMPARISON CHART
SPECTRA VIKO
SV-llB
APf-LEIPPLUS
ATARI UO
COMMODORE H
NCCiUi
HAOIOVUCk
COLOR COUPUTCR
BASE PRICE
$299
Jl.HO
U99
»sss
»»
$3»
COMPUTING K»WEn FEATURES
BUHTlNflOM
32K
TJK
lOH,
»K
16K
GM
EXPANDABLE 70
96K
*2K
NJA
3?K
BUILT iNETIEhDED UlCflOSOFT- BASIC
VE5
YES
ADDITIONAL COST
NO
YES
*OD<TI0NALO0ST
BUILT IH RAW
J3K-
len
«4K
IfiK
EX PAN DM LC TO
!«H--
64K
46K
];k
KEYBOARD FLATUmtS
NUMBER or KEYS
71
61
10
WA
$E>ECLAL WORD PnOCESSIHC
NO
NO
GEnERAIEB anAI^HlCStFROH KEYBOARD!
TES
NO
VES
NO
NO
UPPEflAO wen CASE
YES
UPP£^01>JL¥
YES
CAMEJAUDtO FEATURES
SEPARATE CARTRIDGE SLOTS
TES
NO
NO
BUILT IN JOYSTKH
VES
NO
NO
NO
COLORS
i&
15
l?B
le
9
RESOLUTION [PkELSJ
»&« 192
zaot iu
320 Ji 19?
220>:?D0
?«*I93
SPRITES
32
A
R
FifA
WA
«
OCTAVES PER CHANNEL
A
B
A a^tt ENVELOfE
ViS
NO
NO
YES
PERIPKCfUt. SPECIFICATIONS
CASSETTE
1 CHANNEL
J CHANNEL
t CMAfJNEL
tCHAMNEL
1 CHANNfl
AUDIO to
VES
NO
NO
NO
BUIL.TtNHIC
MO
DISK DRIVE CAPACirY
UHn
96A
ITCH.
n;a
(LOW PROFILE)
YES
NO
CPW 30
YES
NO
NO
NO
'" Apple II can Koal modified 40 o« BO co4ut>o CP/M
MmosaJt <5 ] 'ffli^TpBj tr*Jerrurk pi Miciosnn Cwpwitan
CP.'M >i 1 liMfmifV ot OigitJ Beseifch inc
FOR UNDER $300 "^^Limi/lffEO^
P6R50NAL COMPUTGR
SS>(CIRAViDEO.IMC.3'5W 3?thSI, NY.NV KXJia
SadlY, many personal computers will become lomorroWi
junk in the attic- TheSV-3lSisonelf)ot will not. Because as
YOU get bettei, II gets better. It does so because ollts
capabililY and expanaablllty—tiott\ tar beyond tt\ose ol
any other affordable computer.
CAPABILI1Y. me SV-3IS Isn't just more capable. Its much
more capable^ A/o ofher computer of even twice the price
combines all these extraordinary teatures: 32K HOM
expandable to 96X: 32K SAM expandable to \44X:
Extended Microsoft Basic (the Industry standard): even
Standard CPIM SO-column capability so you can
Immediately utilize over 10.000 existing software
programs. The SV-3!S o/so has a unique built-in joystlcKJ
cursof control— an immeasurably useful feature when It
comes to playing your favorite video game.
eXPANDABiLlTY. As you become more and more skillful
with computers, you'll love hQwtheS'y-3iB "stretches" to
meet your demands (and actually leads you In fascinating,
new directions). For one thing, all eleven ol our Important
peripherals are avallabte Immedialely. With most other
models, you have to wail months. For another, the SV-318 Is
beautltully designed to Interface with new options as they
become available,
AFfQRDABIUTY. The SV-3IB IS not only eminently afford-
able. It's the first true bargain of the computer age! Besides
home budgeting, business applications, word processing,
programming and selt-teachlng. the S'y-3t8 is the best
entertainment value in town. Hot only can you use It wilh
your TV to play hundreds of different video games, you
can also use your SV-3IB with a TV as a drawing tablet or
music synthesizer. In piay, as in work, the SV-3I& will
continually expand to meet your potential.
Whether you're just wetting your toes in computers, or
fully osall on the waters, the SV-318 is a computer that will
serve you lor many, many years. You see, we believe that
even In the computer age, you don 7 become on object ot
real value unless you're around tor a while
Computers And Society
Dovid D Thornburg, Associate Editor
The Robots Are Coming
Technological advances seem to be hitting the
consumer marketplace with such force and fre-
quency that we are in danger of becoming numbed
by their announcement. It is hard, for example, to
believe that the personal computer field is only a
few years old - or that powerful languages like
Logo have become available to the home com-
puterist only in the past two years.
As we watch these developments eclipse
each other, we might ask ourselves what will hap-
pen next? What technological development could
possibly hit the consumer marketplace with such
force that it might displace our current technology
ical wonders as the benchmarks of our age?
Well, I've given it a lot of thought, and I have
an answer.
Domestic robots.
By now, many of vou have seen news stories
on the Heath HERO-l'and the Androbot TOPO.
In watching these contraptions on the evening
news, you might have said to yourself, "So what?"
After all, we see robots in the movies all the time,
and the use of robots in dangerous or boring as-
sembly tasks has been going on for years.
The reason domestic robots are important is
that, like the personal computer, they are designed
for personal use by people in their own homes.
This means that, for the first time, we will
individually take control of robots and shape them
to our personal needs, just as we did with
computers.
The robots used by industry are reminiscent
of the computers used by business - large
specialized machines designed to perform clearly
defined tasks with efficiency.
In more ways than one, the domestic robot in
1983 reminds me of the home computer in 1978.
For example, in 1978 there wasn't a whole lot one
could do with a personal computer. The software
industry was in its infancy (residing mainly in
spare rooms and garages), but the people who
bought computers then were pioneers - brave
souls who not only were the first to experience
the computer revolution, but who also helped to
23 COMPUIR MCIV1983
make it happen either by writing software them-
selves or by helping to identify those areas where
software was needed.
All of which brings me to 1983 and the begin-
ning of a new industry.
Where Are They Headed?
The domestic robot, as this is being written, is
largely a tool for discovery, experimentation, and
entertainment. The Heath product is oriented to
the technical educational market as a tool for learn-
ing about robotics per ac. The buyer of the Heath
HERO not only gets to assemble the device (thus
learning about everything from microprocessors
to wheel drive systems), but also gets to program
the robot at the most basic levels. The Androbot
TOPO, on the other hand, is a fully assembled
device designed to be operated with turtle
graphics commands from a separate computer
using BASIC or Logo.
Because of philosophical differences in the
design of these two prtiducts, they will serve the
needs of different audiences. I expect the Heath
product to have more appeal to the hardware
tinkerer - the sort of person who built his or her
Northstar Horizon from a kit. TOPO may appeal
more to application-oriented users.
At first glance, TOPO looks about as useful
as an overgrown, radio-controlled Big Trak. It is
sent commands to move forward and backward
by some amount, or to turn to the right or left by
some angle. It is thus a physical analog to the
display turtle associated with languages like Logo
and Atari PILOT.
In order to understand my enthusiasm for
domestic robots, you almost need to experience
them for yourself. There is something quite ap-
pealing about being able to write a program that
sends a three-foot tall robot on a tour of your
house. After watching a robot in action, you can't
help but come up with lists of applications for
these devices.
In the few weeks 1 have had TOPO, I have
used it to help teach computer programming to
Last Night, CompuServe TurnedThis
Computer Into A Travel Agent For Jennie,
A Stock Analyst For Ralph, And now,
IT'S Sending Herbie To Another Galaxy.
NO MATTER WHICH COMPUTER
YOU OWN, WE'LL HELP YOU GET
THE MOST OUT OF IT.
If you've got places to go,
CompuServe can save you time and
money getting there. Just access the
Official Airline Guide Electronic
Edition— for current flight schedules and
fares. Make reservations through our
on-line travel service. Even charter
a yacht through "Worldwide Exchange."
If your money's in the market,
CompuServe offers a wealth of
prestigious financial data bases.
Access Value Line, or Standard and
Poor's. Get the latest information on
40,000 stocks, bonds or commodities.
Then, consult experts like IDS
or Heinold Commodities. All on line
with CompuServe.
Or if, like Herbie, intergalactic
gamesmanship is your thing, enjoy the
best in fantasy, adventure, and space
games. Like MegaWars, the ultimate
computer conflict.
To get all this and more, you'll
need a computer, a modem and
CompuServe. CompuServe connects with
almost any personal computer, terminal,
or communicating word processor.
To receive an illustrated guide to
CompuServe and learn how you can
subscribe, contact or call:
CompuServe
Consumer Information Service
2180 Wilson Road. Columbus, Ohio 43228
800-848-8199
In Ohio, call 614-457-8650
An H&R Block Company
third graders and to dance to a piece of music I
play at the piano. These aren't earthshaking ap-
plications, but I've had TOPO only a short time.
Where are robots like TOPO headed? There
are many applications that come to mind. When
equipped with a simple cart, robots can help
handicapped people carry things from room to
room. If properly programmed, a robot can "walk"
around the house each night "looking" for in-
truders. (I can't imagine very many intruders
who would be willing to tangle with a robot.)
Clearly, just as with personal computers, the
entertainment possibilities are endless. You could
design games for groups of children that use a
robot as one of the players - truly picking a child
at random, for example. A robot that can be pro-
grammed to move pseudo-randomiy in a room
can be used for another game in which the children
divide into two teams. One team has the goal of
always staving to the "north" of the robot, while
the other must always stay to the "east." As the
robot moves, the children must move with it.
Any children caught outside the safe zone are
"out" until the next game.
The more I think about it, robots may help
counter the fear I have heard that computers are
turning our children into sedentary creatures. If
this were true (and I tend to doubt it), robots would
help reverse this trend.
What I find interesting is that the applications
1 mentioned (carrying things, roaming the house,
playing games) are all feasible with today's robots
and just a little bit of software development.
And what about the future? Will we still look
on robots as the foreboding evil mechanisms des-
tined to eliminate the less-than-perfect carbo-
naceous beings that created them?
I think not.
The personal computer made computing less
intimidating to us by placing the power of this
machine in the hands of individuals. So it will be
with robots. By creating a domestic robot industry/
we all benefit, even if we choose not to use robots
ourselves.
As with computers, users and non-users alike
should learn about robots.
Why?
Because they are there.
Next Time
Next month we will continue to explore this topic
by looking at the promise and potential of the next
generation of robots, androids that adaptively pro-
gram themselves in response to their environment.
In the meantime, you might want to read
Isaac Asimov's book /, Robot. It will be moved off
the fiction shelves soon.
Low Cost
nLight Pen
7
Free yourself ol many keyboard
strokes. Touch our Light Pen to
your TV screen and draw, paint
mullicolored pictures or pick from
a menu. Its that easy.
Now you can make your
Commodore Vic 20, Vic 64, Atari
400/800 or Apple II come alive.
LP-10" low cost no switch, Ught
Pen is active at all times.
LP-15 High Resolution, high
speed Light Pen with push switch
to activate signal. It is super-
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S 11 9.95
Interface card required for Apple II with
LP-10 & 15... 599-95
All Ught Pens are sold complete with
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TECH-SKETCHiNc
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Visa & Master Charges Accepted
Dealers & Distributors Welcome
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i-^VAV5^\V^iTO
FILE -FAX is the
easiest- to- learn, simplest-to-use
DBMS available todav! Designed as a
"filing system" for the businessman or
hobbyist, file-fax quickly accesses
records, retrieving information at
exceptionaily high speeds.
FILE- FAX can be used to keep track of
a wealth of information — about people,
places, dates, events. It has an 8-level
sort, wide ranging search capability,
and a powerful report generator Use it
for inventory control, customer files,
mailing lists, purchase records, and
more — you are limited only by your own
imagination.
FILE-FAX will run on your APPLE II or
11+ , Atari BOO, IBM-PC, NEC PC-8001,
Commodore 64, Osborne, and Victor
9000. Write for full details. Please spec-
ify the computer you are working with.
Not Just Another
Slimmer CaiCQ).
Learning is pait of the fun.
• Coed, ages H)-I(j • 2, 4, or 8 week
sessions • Convenient locations
• With or without computer skills
• Traditional camp activities
• Professional Camp Directors
A.
ATARI
COMPUTER CAMPS
^1 A Warner Commurnciilions CoTTipany
CALL TOLL FREE 800/847-4180
For more inforni<iti(in find a \tnv. o>hr broehurt-. write
to 40 East 34th Street, DeptlX New>brk. N.Y. 10016
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or in New York Stale, callcollecl 212 Rfi9-5200. Staff
applicants stiould apply m writing.
MO¥l963 COMPUTC! 31
THE BEGINNER'S PAGE
Richard Mansfield, Senior Editor
People are putting their home computers to all
kinds of uses. Last month - to get an overview -
we separated personal computing programs into
fifteen broad types: 1. Graphics, 2. Music, 3. Word
Processing, 4. Education, 5. Home Applications,
6. Accounting, 7. Games, 8. Financial Simulation,
9. Data Base Management, 10. Languages, 11.
Operating Systems, 12. Disk Operating Systems,
13. Utilities, 14. Telecommunications, and 15.
Artificial Intelligence. We reviewed the first three,
so now let's take a look at the second group.
Education
Although fears have been expressed that Com-
puter Assisted Instruction (CAI) could lead to a
brave new world of cold, inhuman, assembly line
schooling - just the opposite seems to be taking
place. How the computer teaches is entirely de-
pendent on how it's programmed to teach. A CAI
program can be sarcastic, or teach too slowly or
too quickly, or offer endless, boring drills. But
this is not something inherent in computerized
teaching; bad teachers have been doing all these
things for centuries.
The opportunities for personalized, interac-
tive, effectively paced CAI are just beginning to
be explored. It wasn't long ago that we heard a
good deal about attempts at new, unstructured
educational styles. "Learning can be fun" was the
slogan, but the results of these experiments were,
to put it mildly, mixed. A part of an entire gener-
ation failed to learn fundamental spelling, arith-
metic, and even reading skills.
CAI might well be the answer. After all, learn-
ing should be exciting and challenging. When
combined with sound and animation, many learn-
ing programs are indistinguishable from games.
Nearly every month, COMPUTE! publishes a CAI
game or program. "Crosswords," in this issue,
will construct crossword puzzles which can build
vocabulary or teach spelling. Last month, there
was "Math Fun." And as games themselves be-
come more sophisticated, the "hidden" lessons
within them will become more effective. Much
remains to be discovered about CAI technique,
but it seems quite possible that, via computers,
math (and all the other subjects) can become fun
for the average student.
Home Applications
This is a catch-all category. Growing out of hobbies
32 COMftni! May 1983
or special needs, these programs perform a per-
sonal service such as keeping track of the birds a
birdwatcher sees or the stamps a collector buys.
Sometimes, home applications are just scaled-
down versions of business programs. For example,
the professional advertiser's mailing list program
becomes, in the home, a personal Christmas/
birthday card manager. It will not only address the
envelopes; it can remind you when to mail the cards.
Other examples include personal inventory pro-
grams (record, book, coin collections, etc.) or per-
sonal analysis (biorhythms, nutritional planning,
scheduling, computerized bowling league
scorekeeping, and so forth).
Big business and government have had years
to computerize themselves. Some estimates
suggest that computers do as much as 80 percent
of the work in areas such as national defense.
Home computerization is in its infancy, but the
future seems to promise increasing use of "intelli-
gent" appliances, information services, even robot
vacuum cleaners. To all of us who try, with more
or less difficulty, to keep our home and personal
affairs in order, the offer of smart-machine
domestic services can only be viewed as a major
blessing.
Descending Luxury: Accountants For
Everyone
Personal budgeting, retirement planning, invest-
ment analysis, and tax preparation are among the
currently popular applications of computers in
home accounting. Most of us don't face financial
decisions of sufficient complexity to require the
services of a human accountant. On the other
hand, most of us could use some help with our
money management. Getting this help from our
home computer is yet another example of what
could be called dcscoidijig luxunj.
To define that idea, let's look at another ex-
ample: movies. When I was in college, we'd hear
about the movie that the President or a Hollywood
star had shown guests the night before. It seemed
an extraordinary luxury to be able to watch a movie
in your own house. Indeed, such freedom was
only available to the very wealthy. Now home
video equipment is making home theaters in-
creasingly available to everyone. In a few years,
the technology of high resolution, large-screen
TV should be affordable everywhere. Another
luxury has descended. @
COMPUTE}
^^BUCATrOWS
Our newest magazine, COMPUTE!' s Gazette for Commodore, is written for
the beginning consumer of personal computing. Each monthly issue will bring
you interesting features, exciting news, intriguing new products, and more.
You'll find software news, best seller rankings in the recreational and educa-
tional areas, and interviews, overviews, and industry views.
Tutorials for beginners, advanced games for non-programmers, and intro-
ductory help for fledgling computer users.
And best of all you'll still find COMPUTE!, our monthly resource and appli-
cations magazine for intermediate and advanced users.
COMPUTE.' '5 Gazette for Commodore and COMPUTE!. We won't out-
grow you. . . we'll grow with you.
Use the attached post card or call Toll Free 800-334-0868 today to reserve
your premiere issue of COMPUTE/ 's Gazette for Commodore.
12 monthly issues, Charter Subscription Price $15 US, $20 US in Canada,
elsewhere, Air Mail, $45 US.
Other than as an independent supplier of quahry pniducts regarding
the Commodore personal computer systems, COMPUTE! Publications
is in no way associated with Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
Commodore, VlC-20. and Gimmndore 64 are trademarks of
Commodore Business Machtnes, Inc., and'or Commodore
Electronics Limited.
Jumping Jack
Paul Burger
Jumping Jack, for the unexpanded VIC, Atari 400/800,
Couwiodorc 64, and TI-99/4A is a challenging game
that makes full use of your computer's color and sound
capabilities. Each game cart be played through several
levels. The Atari version has iiine skill levels. This is a
ganw that can be enjoyed /n/ all age groups.
Jack is running across platforms and climbing
down ladders to get to the bottom of the screen.
Sounds easy enough, right?
There's just one problem: these platforms
are not very sturdy at all, and at any time they
can collapse in certain places. You must be ready
to press the space bar causing Jack to jump. If
your timing is right, Jack will clear the hole and
land safely on his feet. If not. Jack will fall into the
collapsed section of the platform.
If you are not quite quick enough on the space
bar, you still have a chance to clear the hole. Here's
how: If the space bar is pressed immediately after
Jack gets over the hole, you can make a saving
jump. However, Jack must be over the hole while
in the air to get points for jumping the hole, so no
points are scored for using a saving jump to get
over a hole. This method can also be used to jump
two holes in a row. Simply make a saving jump
as described above for the first hole, and Jack will
fly over the second hole (this scores points only
for the second hole, however.)
Program 1: vic-20 version
0 M=3:T=150:D=5;X=25;P=61:POKE5 5,160:POK
E56 , 29 : 5=36876 : POKE36878 , 15 t GOTOl
0012
1 C=27 : F%=5 : FORI=7680TO8ia5 : POKEI , 59 :NEX
T
2 FORI=7702TO7723:POKEI,53:NEXT:FORI=7ei
2TO7833:POKEI,53:NEXT:FORI=7900TO
7921: POKEI, 53 :NEXT
3 POKE36a79,C:FORI=8032TO8053 :POKEI,53:N
EXT :FORI=8142TOB163: POKEI, 53 :NEXT
4 FORI=38400TO38884+2 I : POKEI , 4 : NEXT
5 FORI=3848aTO38510+21 : POKEI , F% :NEXT
6 FORI=3a576T038598+21 sPOKEI , F% :NEXT
7 FORI=38708TO38730+21 :POKEI , F% :NEXT
8 FORI =388 iaTO38840+21; POKEI, F%: NEXT :G0S
UB10020 : FORI = 1TO1000 -.NEXT
9 1=7790
10 IFI/2=INT( l/2 )THENP0KEI-1 , 59 :GOSUB110
11 IFI/2=INT( 1/2 )THENPOKEI, 55 : FORJ=lTOT :N
EXT s GOTO 14
34 COMPUni Mo/ 1083
1 3 POKEI -1 , 59 : POKEI , 56 : FORJ=lTOT : NEXT : B=7
812:GOSUB510
14 IFPEEK{l97) = 32THEbJGOSUB20
15 IFPEEK{I+22)=54THENPOKEI,59:GOTO30
16 IFPEEK(I+22)=60THEN500
17 1=1+1 : IFI> 781 1THEHI=7790:POKE781 1,59
18 GOTO10
20 I=I-21:POKEI+21,59
21 IFPEEK( 1+22 )<>590RPEEK( 1+44 )<>53THENSC
=SC+X:POKEI-22,P:GOSUB112:POKEI-2
2,59
23 POKEI, 55:FORJ=lTOT:NEXT:I=I+23: IFI>781
1THENI=7790:POKE7811,59
24 POKE77B9,59:POKE7790,59
2 5 FORJ=1TOT : NEXT : POKEI-2 3 , 59 : POKEI , 5 5 : RE
TURN
30 1=7898
31 IFI/2=INT(I/2)THENPOKEI+I,59:GOSUB1I0
3 2 IFI/2=INT(I/2)THENPOKEI,58:FORJ=1TOT:N
EXT -.GOTO 3 4
3 3 POKEI+1 , 59 : POKEI , 57 :F0RJ=1T0T: NEXT: B=7
900:GOSUB510
34 IFPEEK(197)=32THENGOSUB40
3 5 IFPEEK(I+2 2)=54THENPOKEI,59:GOTO50
36 IFPEEK{I+22)=60THEN500
37 1=1-1 :IPI<7878THENI=7898:POKE7878, 59
38 G0T031
40 I=I-23:POKEI+23,59
41 IFPEEK(l+22) <> 590RPEEK(l+44) <>53THENSC
=SC+X:POKEI-2 2,P:GOSUBll2:POKEI-2
2,59
4 3 POKEI, 58 :F0RJ=1 TOT: NEXT: 1=1+21 :IFI<787
8THENI=7898 :POKE787B , 59
44 POKE7856,59:POKE7855,59
4 5 F0RJ=1T0T : NEXT :P0KEI-2 1,59: POKEI, 58: RE
TURN
50 1=8010
51 IFI/2=INT(i/2)THENPOKEI-1,59:GOSUB110
5 2 IFl/2=INT(l/2)THENPOKEI,55:FORJ=ITOT:M
EXT:GOT054
5 3 POKEI-1 , 59 : POKEI , 56 : F0RJ=1T0T : NEXT : B^^S
032:GOSUB510
54 IFPEEK(197)=32THENGOSUB60
5 5 IFPEEK(I+22)=54THENPOKEI,59:GOTO70
56 IPPEEK{I+22)=60THEN500
5 7 1 = 1+1 :IPI>8031THENI=8010;POKEa031 ,59
58 G0T051
60 I=I~21:POKEI+21,59:IFPEEKCi)<>59THENSC
=SC+300
61 IFPEEK(I+22)<>590RPEEK(I+44)<>53THENSC
= SC+X:P0KEI-22,P:G0SUBU2:P0KEI-2
2,59
6 3 POKEI, 55 :F0RJ=1T0T:NEXT: 1=1+23 :IFI> 803
1THENI=8010:POKE8031,59
64 POKE8009,59:POKE8010,59
6 5 F0RJ=1T0T : NEXT : POKEI- 23 , 59 : POKEI , 55 : RE
TURN
70 I=ai40
71 IFI/2=INT(I/2)THENP0KEI+1, 59:GOSUB110
72 IFI/2=INT(i/2)THENPOKEI, 58 : F0RJ=1T0T : N
EXT:G0T074
No one, not even the author, has
ever achieved the last Gridrunner. It
is an extremely fast-paced arcade-
quality game designed to test your
coolness under fire and challenge
your reflexes.
As the pilot of the Gridrunner, a
combat ship, you must annihilate
the various enemies traveling
along the "Grid." l-ligh scores are
possible only through the mastery
of the patterns of the X/Y Zappers
and the Gridsearch Droids which,
when destroyed, mutate into
potentially lethal Pods.
Gridrunner has 32 levels of diffi-
culty (20 levels in
the VIC 20 ver-
sion}. To this
date, the 13th
level has been
the highest
achieved.
Gridrunner
is available
for VIC 20,
Commodore
64 and Atari
400/800.
Can you beat
Gridrunner?
See your local
computer or
games dealer
and find out.
Human Engineered Software
71 Park Lane
Brisbane, CA 94005
a division of US!
'■ ft f
iTEBffiK.; ^r-:iM?'
i- "~i 1.:^
:-r— -T»^«--
AM.r6r^:iHrw;v.ir-.^. •■••■■■ ..MiaB^BlBaF"**^***' '
"^rsn^rsa
J'JijaiiSiaijLfei:
r^acU «»t IM a*Twi tabr rici lU^
ii'-iS MSis.'hsa'aaftS!^'"-""-^
"iKi»'i"'WII"'Wli'«iiiiii'i""'lilW'ir'
DATA 20 's easy to buy, easy to install, easy to use
peripherals are available for both VIC 20® and
Commodore 64,® Our enhancements give you more
power, more sophisticated capabilities and now. . .
Free software with any VIDEO PAK. WORD
MANAGER, our exclusive word processing pack-
age is full of advanced features. Combined with
our VIDEO PAK, it
gives your VIC 20 or
Commodore 64 capa-
bilities found only in
the most expensive
word processing
programs. Like fuU-
function status dis-
play, and up and
down scrolling, plus
13 advanced editing
features including
merging and block move. In addition, we've
included complementary mailing list programs.
All are written in machine language for fast execu-
tion and minitnal memory requirements. They're
self-documenting and exceptionally easy to use. A
self-adhesive strip for function keys makes most
commands one-key simple. So simple, in fact, that
we've eliminated the
need for time-
consuming menus
and prompts. WORD
MANAGER is pro-
vided on tape— and
can be loaded to disk.
It's yours free with
any VIDEO PAK
you pick.
New! Our lowest
priced VIC 20 VIDEO PAK ever.
We've just introduced a highly cost-effective 8K
version. Price it out!
Just pop this cartridge into your
expansion port, and your display
instantly goes to the industry-standard
24 lines, with a choice of 40 or 80 characters.
Displayed this way, you'll know exactly what
you're going to get on the printout. And you
reaUy increase
the amount of
data you can see
on the screen.
You also increase
memory in the
process — to 12K
to handle more
sophisticated
functions. Our
package includes a
terminal emulator
and screen print
feature. Plus
the free WORD
MANAGER
software
package!
VIDEO PAK 80
for Commodore 64. Move up to the industry-
standard 80-column format, and you'U wonder
how you ever did without it! Use software control
to go from 40 to 80 characters in monochrome—
and back to 40 characters in color. With VIDEO
PAK 80, you can take fuU advantage of the
'11
:'miti
^
terminal emulator mode and
screen print feature with software
we include. And this is a great package
for word processing— particularly with
our free WORD MANAGER software.
Z-80 VIDEO PAK brings complete CP/M ' com-
patibility to your 64. This exciting peripheral
gives you all the VIDEO PAK 80 features
described above— plus! You see, our built-in
microprocessor and software give you CP/M com-
patibuity for any of the many programs format-
ted for the Commodore 1541* Disk Drive. The
possibilities are truly awesome! And the WORD
MANAGER software is free with your purchase.
VIDEO CABLE completes the installation.
It's the easy way to connect your VIC 20 or
Commodore 64 monitor to VIDEO PAK. And
a must for 80-column use.
PRINTER INTERFACE in serial. Here's the
perfect connection for your VIC 20 or
Commodore 64. With our interface, you just plug
in and go. We have a simple, yet sophisticated
interface that offers flexible, continuous
monitoring of data transfer functions— and virtu-
ally troubleshoots its own easy installation.
EXPANSION CHASSIS lets you use 4 car-
tridges at once. Run a series of compatible mem-
ory, software or game cartridges of any make on
your VIC 20. Anything with the standard 22-pin
edge connector. A built-in 500ma fuse protects
yoiu" power supply.
MEMORY CARTRIDGE
boosts VIC 20 brain-
power to 20K. This
super-reliable cartridge
features the finest quality
components, housed in a
rugged plastic case.
Check out our AWESOME peripherals. Ask your
dealer for a first-hand look at our extensive capa-
bilities, high quality, and reasonable prices. Or
send for a current catalog and price list.
DATA 20 CORPORATION, 23011 Moulton
Parkway, Suite BIO, Laguna Hills, CA 92653.
Commodore 64, Commodore 1541, and VIC 20 are registered trade-
marks of Commodore Electronics, Ltd,
CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research, Inc.
DMA
CORPOHATtO Mi^
Price/Performance Peripherals
NOW WITH FREE SOFTWARE!
7 3 POKEI+1 , 59 : POKEI , 57 : FORJ=lTOT : NEXT : B=8
142:GOSUB510
74 IFPEEK(197)=32THENGOSUB80
7 5 IFPEEK(l + 22)=54THENfPOKEI,59:GOTO100
76 IFPEEK(I+22)=60THEN500
7 7 I=r-1:IFI<8120THENI=8140:POKE8120, 59
78 G0T071
80 I=I-23:POKEI+23,59
81 IFPEEK{l+22)<>590RPEEK{l+44) <>5 3THENSC
=SC+X:POKEI-22,P:GOSUB112:POKEI-2
2,59
8 3 POKEI, 58 :F0RJ=1T0T:NEXT: 1=1+21 :IFI<812
0THENI=8140:POKE8120, 59
84 POKE8098, 59:POKEB097, 59
8 5 FORJ=1TOT:NEXT: P0KEI-2I, 59 : POKEI , 58 : RE
TURN
100 P=P+1 :IPP=64THENP=61
101 D=D-l:T=T-50
102 X=X+5 0 : 1 FX> 1 2 5THENX=25 : D=8 : T=l 50 : C=27 :
F% = 5
103 IFX=75THENC=232:F%=0
104 IFX=125THENC=8:F%=7
105 GOT02
110 POKES , 140 : FORY=1TO10 : NEXT : POKES , 0 : RETU
RN
111 POKES+l, 190: FORY=1TO2 5:NEXT:POKES+1,0:
RETURN
112 FORO=lTOl5: POKES, 200+0 :NEXTO:POKES,0:R
ETURN
113 FORO=20TO0STEP-1:POKES, 230+0 :F0RY=1T02
5 : NEXTY.O: POKES, 0: RETURN
500 G0SUB1L3:M=M~1 : IFH=0THEN502
501 P=61:X=2 5:D=6:C=27:T=150:F%=5:POKEI,5 9
:G0T02
502 POKE36869,240:PRI!SrTCHR$ (147 ) ?SPC(225);
"GAME OVERl ":PRINT:PRI«T"YOUR SCO
RE WAS ";SC
503 PRINT :PRINT"PLAY AGAIN?"
504 K=PEEK(197) : IFK=32ORK=64THEN504
505 IFK=11THENRUN
506 END
510 I FINT ( RND ( 1 ) *D ) + 1< > ITHENRETURN
511 L=INT(RND(1)*21 )+1 : IFL=20ORL=1THEN51 1
512 POKEB+L,60:GOSUB111 :RETURN
10000 DATA255, 129,66,66,36, 36, 24, 255
10002 DATAG&, 120,66,66,66,126,66,66
10003 DATA12,8,13,62,44,12,18,33
10004 DATA24,16,24,24,24,16,16,24
10005 DATA24,8,24,24,24,8,8,24
10006 DATA24,8,88,62,26,24,36,66
10007 DATA0, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0,0
10008 DATA129,66,66,66,98,34,34,34
10009 DATA27, 10,27, 17,27,0,0,0
10010 DATA59, 10, 11,9, 11,0,0,0
10011 DATA91,74,91,81,91,0,0,0
10012 RESTORE : FORI=7592T07679 : READA: POKEI ,
A: NEXT
10015 POKE36869,255
10016 GOTOl
10020 FORI=7a32T07a98STEP22: POKEI, 54: NEXT;
FORI=7901TO8011STEP22: POKEI, 54 :NEXT
10021 FORI=305 2TOei40STEP22: POKEI, 54: NEXT:
FORI=38 5 52T0386I8STEP22 :POKEI ,6 :NEXT
10022 FORI=3862IT038731STEP22:POKEI,6 :NEXT:
FORI=387 72TO38860STEP22:POKEI,6:NEXT
10023 P0KE8143 , 54 :POKE8165, 54 : POKE3a863 , 6 :
POKE38885,6 : RETURN
Program 2: Atari version
RTHRI JUMPING JRC
100 REM
140 BRAPHICS 18:PDSITIQN 7,6:? «&;"J
CEMBI [IB ": POSITION 8,7;? #6;"JEc(I!"
38 COMPUre! May 1983
0, "K"
PEEK C 560) +256«PEEKC561
D 1 12: P
53770) :
I : MEXT
( 106) -e
THEN G
*RND (0)
SITION
141 OPEN #1,4,
142 D IFF=1 : DL-
)
145 FOR J=l TO 10:FDR 1=100 T
OKE DL.IiPOKE 53274, PEEK (
SOUND 0, I+J-100, 10, J : NEXT
J
150 SOUND 0, 0, 0, 0: CHSET= (PEEK
)*256:IF PEEK £CHSET+8> < >B
OSUB 1080
160 GRAPHICS i7:SETCOLOR 4,16
,12:P0KE 756, CHSET/256: PD
6.23:? «6; "[H33ia^";DIFF
162 IF DIFF>1 THEN 170
16S POSITION 4,0:? ^6-,"a3M3S.
;:GET # 1 , fl : SPEED= A-4a : I F
OR SPEED>9 THEN 165
COLOR 32:PLOT 4,0:DRAU1TD
DIR=l:HOLE=7+12S:LfiDDER=6
sSETCDLDR 1 , 1 5 , 6 : SETCOLOR
PR = 0
FOR 1=2 TO 22 STEP 4
COLOR 5+32:PLDT 0,I:DRAWT
IF I>20 THEN 270
R=INT (RND(0) »14 + 4)
I F SEN t R-PR) < >DIR
COLOR LADDER: PLOT
-1-4
PR = R
DIR=-DIR
NEXT I
COL = 2
RDW= 1
CHAR=1
OLDCOL=l
OLDROW=l
DIR=1
COLOR 32:
IF RND ( 0)
167
1 70
1 80
190
200
210
220
2 30
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
625
630
640
1H9S"
SPEED< 1
19,0
-H321-1 28
3.4,6
O 19, I
-hDIR
THEN ■?■:>
R.I: DRA
0
WTO R, I
PLOT OLDCOL, DLDROW
>DIFF/10 THEN 430
R=INT(4»RND(0))*4+6
C=INT(RND(0)*19)-i-l
LOCATE C.R.A
IF A=LADDER THEN 430
COLOR HOLE:PLOT C,R
0, 100, 12,8: FOR W=l
SOUND 0,0,0,0
CHAR+2» (DIRC0) :PLOT
SOUND
EXT W:
COLOR
U
SOUND
TO 10: N
COL, RO
0,0,0,S:FDR W=l TO 5:NEXT
W:SOUND 0.
0,0,0
THEN 990
COL<20 THEN
CHECK
540
IF ROW>20
OLDCOL=COL
OLDRQW=ROW
COL = COL-f-DIR
IF CaL>0 AND
CDL=COL-DIR
ROW=ROW+4
DIR=-DIR
GOTO 350
LOCATE COL,ROW-H
ST=PEEK (764)
IF ST<255 THEN POKE 764,
640
IF CHECK=HOLE THEN 770
IF CHECKOLADDER THEN 610
DIR=-DIR
R0W=R0W-H4
CHAR=3-CHAR
SCORE = SCORE-H0. 5
FOR SLOW=i TO (9-SPEED) t 10: NEXT
SLOW
GOTO 350
IF CHECKOHOLE THEN 1030
?55: GOTO
For Heroes Only!
1
Type Attack
The planet Lexicon is
under atlack! Letlers o1
the alphabet are falling
from the sky. To repel
Ihem. you must be able to
type the letlers faster than
they can fall. Be qjick!
An entire civilization is
depending on your skill.
Avail, or disis for the Apple II.
11+ or lie and Atari 600 or
1200, IBM-PC and
Commodore 64 and an
cartridge lor the VIC-20.
Blade of
Blackpoole
step back in lime and join
the search for the magical
sword of Myraglym. Travel
cautiously on your journey
for you will encounter
dangerous serpents,
spine-chilling evils and
carnivorous plants that
crave human flesh!
Avail, on disk lor Ihe Apple II,
II r or lie and Alan BOO or
1200 and Commodora 64.
lUS"
Twerps
The troldest space rescue
ever! Defenseless Twerps
are stranded on an aste-
roid, You, Captain Twerp,
are to board a Twerp-
craft, blast through the
Orbiters, land safely and
rescue your comrades.
Beware of the Glingas
and Twerp-eating
Gleepnites!
Avail, on disl^ lor the Apple !l,
11+ or lie and Alan 800 or 1200.
Pure Video Excitement!
For Your Atari 800 or 1200, Apple II, II + or lie,
Commodore 64, VIC-20 and IBM-PC
Sirius, Twerps, Blade of Blackpoole. Type Attack and Critical Mass are trademarks of
Sirius Software, Inc., 10364 Rockingham Drive, Sacramento. CA 95827 (916) 366-1195.
AH figfits reserved. Apple 11.11 > and tie are trademarks ol Apple Computer, hc.
Alari aOO and 1200 are trademarks ol Atari. Inc. VIC-20 and Commodore 64
are trademarks of Commodore Business Machines, Inc. IBM-PC is a
trademark of International Business Machines, Inc,
Critical Mass
On Jan, 1st at 10:00 am,
the U,N- received this
message: "Good h/lorning,
in exactly 9 days, the
world's 5 largest cities virill
be destroyed by thermal
nuclear weapons, " At
10:03 am, you received
this assignment: STOP
, . . THIS . . . LUNATIC!
Avail, on disk lor Ihe Apple II,
I or Ite and Atari 800 or
1200 and Commodore 64,
650 COLOR 32;PL0T OL DCOL , DL DRD W
660 COLOR 1+2* < D IR<0) : PLOT COL,RDW-i
670 FOR W=:50 TO 0 STEP -1:S0UND 0,W,
10,8;SOUND 0, W+1 0, 10, 8: NEXT W
700 COLOR 9+32:PLOT COL,ROW-l
710 SCORE=SCORE+25
720 FOR W=15 TO 0 STEP -l:SOUND 0.10
,10,W:SOUND 1 , 20, 10, W: NEXT U
740 COLOR 32:PL0T CaL,RQW-l
750 COL=COL+DIR
760 GOTO 490
770 IF PEEK (764) <255 THEN POKE 764,2
55:GDTO 640
790 COLOR 32:PLaT OLDCOL , OLDROW
800 COLOR 10:PLOT COL , ROW
810 FOR 1=100 TO 2S0
820 SOUND 0,1,10,8
830 NEXT I
840 COLOR 32:PLOT COL, ROW
850 COLOR 136:PLOT COL,ROW-»-l
860 FOR W=i5 TO 0 STEP -0 . 5 : SOUND 0,
W, 1 2, W: NEXT W
880 GRAPHICS ISiSETCOLOR 4,1,12
900 POSITION 2,4:'? #6;"your score wa
s: "-.POSITION 9-LEN(STR«(INT(SC0R
E)))/2,6:? *6; INT (SCORE)
910 POSITION 1,10:? # 6 : " riJW:V^:TrT;tTna
araia: " -,
920 K = PEEK (764) : IF K035 AND K043 T
HEN 920
930 POKE 764,255
950 IF K=35 THEN 980
960 SCORE=0: DIFF=1
970 GOTO 160
980 END
990 DIFF=DIFF+1 : SPEED=SPEED+0. 5
1000 SCORE=SCORE+50
1020 GOTO 160
1030 FOR 1=150 TO 140 STEP -1
1040 SOUND 0,1,10,4
1050 NEXT I
1060 SCORE=SCORE-25
1070 GOTO 580
1080 CHSET= (PEEK ( 106) -8) *256: FOR 1=0
TO 511:POKE CHSET+ I , PEEK ( 57344
■H ) : POKE 708-»-3*RND(0) , PEEK (537 7
0) : NEXT I
1081 RESTORE 1085
1082 READ A: IF n=-l THEN RETURN
1083 FOR J=0 TO 7:READ B:POKE CHSET+
A*e+J,B:POKE 70S+3*RND ( 0 ) , PEEK (
53770) : NEXT J
1084 GOTO 1082
1085 DATA 1,8,20,24,80,62,24,20,34
1086 DATA 2,8,20,24,18,124,152,36,72
1087 DATA 3,16,40,24,8,124,26,40,68
1088 DATA 4,16,40,24,72,62,25,36,18
1089 DATA 5,255,66,36,24,24,36,66,25
5
1090 DATA 6,126,66,126,66,126,66,126
, 66
1091 DATA 7,129,66,68,34,0,36,74,255
1092 DATA 8,189,90,84,34,0,36,74,255
1093 DATA 9,0,119,20,119,65,119,0,0
1094 DATA 10,0,28,93,42,28,28,20,34
1095 DATA -1
Program 3: C64 version
0 REM JUMPING JACK FOR 64
5 GOSUB30005PRINT"fCLEAR)",-"{ll RIGHTIiN
ITIALIZING"
10 M=3:T=10:D=5:X=2 5:P=61 : POKE5 5 , 16 :P0KE5
6 , 64 : S=54272 :P0KES3281 , 1 :GOTO970
20 C=7 : F%=5 : FORI=1024TO2041 : POKEI , 59 : MEXT
30 POKE53280,C:FORI=1064TO1103: POKEI, 53 :N
EXT : FORI=1264TO1303 : POKEI , 53 : NEXT
33 FORI=1424TOl463:POKEI, 53:NEXT:POKE1425
, 54:POKE1702,54:POKE1865,54
40 FORI=1664TO1703: POKEI, 53: NEXT :FORI=186
4TO1903: POKEI, 53:NEXT
50 FORI=55296T056176+39:POKEI,4:NEXT
60 F0RI=55456TO55496+39:P0KEI,F% ;NEXT
70 FORI=5 5616T055655+39: POKEI, F%: NEXT
80 FORI=55356T055896+39 : POKEI , F% :NEXT
90 FORI=56056TO56096+39: POKEI, F%:NEXT:GOS
UB1000 : FORI=1TOI000 :NEXT
100 I=1224:POKE1302,54:POKE142 5,54:POKE170
2,54:POKE1865,54
110 IFl/2=INT(r/2)THENPOKEI-l,59:GOSUB7 20
120 IFl/2=INT(l/2)THENPOKEI,55:FORJ=lTOT:N
EXT:GOTO140
130 POKEI-1, 59: POKEI, 56 : FORJ=lTOT : NEXT : B=l
264:GOSUBa30
140 IFPEEK(197)=60THENGOSUB190
1 50 IFPEEK(l+40 )=54THENPOKEI , 59 :GOTO240
160 IFPEEK(I+40)=60THEN760
170 1=1+1 :IFI>1263THEHI=1224:POKE1263,59
180 GOTO110
190 I=I-39:POKEI+39,59
200 IFPEEK(l+40) <>59ORPEEK(l+80) 053THENSC
=SC+X;POKEI-40,P:GOSUB740:POKEI-4
0,59
210 POKEI, 55:P0RJ=1T0T:NEXT: 1=1+41: IFI>126
3THENI=1224:POKEl263,59:POKE122 3,
59
220 POKE1403,59:POKE1404,59
2 30 FORJ=lTOT:NEXT:POKEI-41 , 59 : POKEI , 55 : RE
TURN
240 1=1422
2 50 IFl/2=INT(l/2)THENPOKEI+I,59:GOSUB720
260 IFI/2=INT( I/2)THENPOKEI,58:FORJ=1TOT:N
EXT:GOTO280
2 70 POKEI+1, 59: POKEI, 57 :F0RJ=1T0T: NEXT :B=1
424:GOSUB830
280 IFPEEK(197 )=60THENGOSUB330
290 IFPEEK(I+40)=54THENPOKEI,59:GOTO380
300 IFPEEK(I+40)=60THEN760
310 1=1-1 :IFI<1384THENI=1422:POKEl384,59
320 GOTO250
330 1=1-41 ;P0KEI+41, 59
340 IFPEEK(l+40) <> 59ORPEEK(l+80 ) <>53THENSC
=SC+X: POKEI- 40, P:GOSUB740:POKEI-4
0,59
3 50 POKEI, 58 :F0RJ=1T0T: NEXT: 1=1+39 :IFI< 138
4THENI=142 2: POKEI 384, 59: POKEI 344,
59
360 POKE1344,59:POKE1343,59
3 70 P0RJ=1T0T : NEXT ; POKEI-39 ,59: POKEI , 58 : RE
TURN
330 1=1624
390 IFl/2=INT( l/2)THENPOKEI-l,59:GOSUB720
400 IFl/2=INT( I/2)THENPOKEI,55:FORJ=1TOT:N
EXT:GOTO420
410 POKEI-1 , 59:P0KEI,56:F0RJ=1TQT:NEXT:B=1
664:GOSUBB30
4 20 IFPEEK(197)=60THENGOSUB470
430 IFPEEK(I+40)=54THENPOKEI, 59:GOTO520
440 IFPEEK(I+4O)=60THEN760
4 50 1=1+1 :IFI>1663THENI=16 24:P0KE1663,59:P
OKE1623,59
460 GOTO390
470 1=1-39: POKE I +3 9, 59:IFPEEK(l) <>59THENSC
=SC+300
480 IFPEEK(l+40) <>59ORPEEK(I+B0) 053THENSC
'ID COMPlni! MOV 1983
^
UN-EXPANDED
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$12.00
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i SPRITEWRITER 64 high reso-
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lil^L,Uil.iiJii^Li^i..Liil.iL.l^i..iJil.Jdidii.iiiii.tJii.iL.lidH.iliil.tii.l^t..t.
Defend your home planet from
the multi-colored aliens as they
peel out of formation and mount
a ferocious attack upon your
base, weaving back and forth
and firing their own deadly
weapons. This program uses
full color high resolution gra-
phics and fantastic sound ef-
fects. Written entirely in ma-
chine code for a super fast
action game. Requires the un-
expanded VIC-20 computer and
cassette.
$19.95
jmwwmwTT'mwfT'mm
VIC20
Guide the Bunny across the
crowded highway, dodging
speeding trucks and cars, care-
fully navigate across a wide,
swift flowing, piranha infested
river to the safety of a warren.
Full use of High Resolution
graphics. For the un-expanded
VIC-20 computer with cassette
and joystick.
$19.95
Three games in one package.
Slalom, Down Hill and Giant
Slalom. Each game has nine
separate skill levels. Full high
resolution graphics and sound.
For the un-expanded VIC-20
with cassette.
$19.95
Mail To: STARTECH. INC.
13450 MaxellaG 185 - Suite 200
Marina Del Rey, CA 90291
DEALERS CALL! Telephone:
NAME
213<823-864g
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
ZIP
PLEASE SEND ME:
I ENCLOSE CHECK FOR: S
CALIFOflNIA RESIDENTS ADD 6'A% TAX TO TOTAL
=SC+X:POKEI-40, P :GOSUB740 ; POKEI-4
0,59
490 POKEI,55;FORJ=lTOT:aEXT: 1=1+41 : IFI > 166
3THENI=1624:POKE1663, 59
500 P0KE1641,59:P0KE;1624,59:P0KE1623,59
510 FO[U=lTOT:NEXT:POKEI-41,59:POKEI, 55:RE
TURN
520 1=1862
5 30 IFl/2=INT(l/2)THENPOKEI+l,59:GOSUB720
540 IFl/2=INT(l/2)THENPOKEI, 58 : FORJ=1TOT : N
EXT:GOTO560
5 50 POKEI+1 ,59:POKEI,5 7 : F0RJ=1 TOT : NEXT : B=l
a64:GOSUB830
560 IFPEEK( 197 )=60THEHGOSUB610
5 70 IPPEEK{I+40)=54THENPOKEI,59:GOTO660
580 IFPEEK(I+40)=60THEN760
590 I=I-1:IF1<1824THENI=1862:?0KE1B24,59
600 GOTO530
610 I=I-41:POKEI+41, 59
6 20 IFPE£K{ 1+40 )<>590RPEEK( 1+80 )<>53THENSC
= SC+;< : POKEI-40 , P :GOSUB7 40 : POKEl-4
0,59
6 30 POKEI, 58 :F0RJ=1T0T: NEXT: 1=1+39 :IFI< 182
4THENI=lB62:P0KEia24, 59
640 POKEl784,59:POKE1783,59
6 50 FORJ=lTOT: NEXT: POKEI- 39, 59 : POKEI , 58 : RE
TURN
660 P=P+1 :IFP=64THENP=61
670 D=D-l:T=T-.l
680 X=X+50': IFK>125THENX=25;D=8:T=10:C=5:F'i
= 5
690 IFX=75THENC=0:F%=0
700 IFX=125THENC=B: F%=7
710 GOTO30
7 20 POKES+4 ,\7: POKES + 5 ,13 2: POKES+6 ,132: POK
ES+24,6
721 H0=2a:L0=49:POKES+i ,H0:POKES,L0:FORZ=1
TO2O0 : NEXT : GOSUB2000 : RETURN
740 POKES+24, 15: POKES+4, 17: POKES+5, 132: POK
ES+6,132
7 41 FORm = 21T0126:POKES + l,Hl:LI = 181:POKES,
Ll: NEXT :GOSUB2000: RETURN
7 60 POKES+24, 15 :P0KES+4, 17: POKES+5, 33 :POKE
S+6,132:H2=233
7 65 H2=H2-5:POKES+l,H2:L2=iai: POKES, L2
7 66 POKEI , 58 : POKEI-40 , 59 : POKEI+5427 2 , 0:1=1
+40:1FI<1983THEN76 5
767 GOSUB2001
7 69 M=M-1:IFM=0THEN780:POKES+1,H2:L2=181 :P
OKES,L2:NEXT:GOSUB2001
7 70 P=61 :X=2 5 :D=6 : C=27 :T=10 ! F% = 5 : POKEI , 59 :
GOTO30
7 80 POKE53272,21:PRINTCHR$(147);SPC(205) ; "
{09 RIGHTIGAME OVERl": PRINT
785 PRINT" {down} Ul RIGHTJyOUR SCORE WAS";
sc
790 PRINT:PRINT"{D0WN1 {13 RIGHTIpLAY AGAIN
?"
800 K=PEEK(197) : IFK=60THEN800
810 IFK=25THENPRINT" {CLEAR] " : RUN
820 IFK=39THENPRINT" {clear] {10 DOWN1{08 RI
RIGHT}GOODBYEi 1 "; : FORW=lTO500 :NEX
T: PRINT" {clear} " : END
825 GOTO800
830 ifint(rnd(i)*d)+i<>ithenreturn
840 L=INT{RND(1)*39)+1:IFL=20ORL=1THEN840
850 POKEB+L,60;GOSUB720: RETURN
860 DATA255,129,66,66,36,36,24,255
8 70 DATA66, 126,66,66,66,126,66,66
880 DATA12,B, 13,62,44, 12, 18, 33
890 DATA24, 16,24,24,24, 16,16,24
900 DATA24,8,24,24,24,8,a,24
910 DATA24,8,88,62,26,24,36,66
9 20 DAT A0, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0,0
930 DATA129,66,66,66,98,34,34,34
940 DATA27,10,27,17,27,0,0,0
950 DATA59,10,11,9,11,0,0,0
960 DATA91,74,91,81,91,0,0,0,0
970 POKE53272, ( PEEK( 53272 )AND240 ) +12
971 POKE56334,PEEK(56334)AND254
972 POKEI, PEEKCI )AND251
9 73 FORI=0TO511:POKEI+12288,PEEKCI+53248):
NEXT
974 POKEI, PEEK ( 1 )0R4
975 POKE56334,PEEK(56334)ORl
9 76 RESTORE: FORI =12 2 88+53*8X012288+64*8: RE
ADA: POKEI, A: NEXT
990 GOTO20
1000 FORI=1302TO1422STEP40: POKEI, 54 :NEXT:FO
RI=1425TOI62 5STEP40 : POKEI , 54 : NEXT
1010 FORI=1702TO186 2STEP40: POKEI, 54: NEXT
1015 FORI=5 5 5 74TO55694STEP40:POKEI,3:NEXT
1020 FORI=55697TO55897STEP40:POKEI ,3:NEXT: F
ORI=5 5974TO56134STEP40: POKEI, 3 : NE
XT
1030 POKEia65, 54:POKE190 5,54:POKE56137, 3:P0
KE56177, 3: RETURN
2000 POKES+4 , 0 : POKES+5 , 0 : POKES+6 , 0 : RETURN
2 001 POKES+6, 15: POKES+4, 129: POKES+5 , 132 : POK
ES+6,132
2002 H3=10 :L3=143 :P0KES+1 , H3 ; POKES , L3 : FORT=
1TO1000 : NEXT :GOSUB2000 : RETURN
3000 PRINT" {clear} {02 D0WN]T0 GET POINTS, Y
OU MUST JUMP OVER HOLES SO THAT T
HE MAN IS AT ";
3002 PRIKT"THE HIGHEST POSITION OVER ■"
THE HOLE. "
3010 PRINT" {02 D0WN]tHE NUMBER OF POINTS IN
CREASES WITH THE NUMBER OF SCREEN
S COMPLETED
3020 PRINT" {02 down} 25 PTS PER HOLE (1ST SG
REEN) "
3025 PRINT"{02 D0WN}75 PTS PER HOLE (2ND SC
REEN) "
3030 PRINT"{02 D0WN}125 PTS PER HOLE (3RD S
CRSEN) "
3040 PRINT" {03 D0WN}T0 JUMP PRESS THE SPACE
BAR"
3050 PRINT"PRESS SPACE BAR TO CONTINUE"
3060 GR=PEEK(197) ; IFGRO60THEN3060
3 070 RETURN
Program 4: ti-99/4A version
lOO REM TI JUMPING JACK
110 DIFF=1
120 RESTORE
130 RANDOMIZE
140 CALL CLEAR
150 SOSUB 1080
160 PRINT "LEVEL: ■■; DIFF
170 DIR=1
180 PR=0
190 FOR 1=2 TO 22 STEP 4
200 CALL HCHAR ( I , 1 , 96, 32)
210 IF I >20 THEN 270
220 R=INT <RND«26+4) +DIR
230 IF (SGN <R-PR) < >DIR) THEN 220
240 CALL VCHAR < I , R, 104. 4)
250 PR=R
260 DIR=-DIR
270 NEXT I
280 CDL=2
290 RDW=1
30O CHAR=1 12
310 OLDCOL=l
320 0LDR0W=1
a2 COMPUTIl Mavises
330
340
3SO
3iO
370
3BO
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
4iO
470
480
490
5 00
510
52 O
530
540
550
560
S70
5 BO
590
6O0
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
72 0
730
740
7 50
760
770
7SO
790
8 00
8 It)
820
830
840
850
860
870
BSO
890
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
lOOO
0LDCHAR=32
DrR=l
CALL HCHAR <OLDROW, OLDCDL, 32)
IF RND>DIFF/10 THEN 430
R=INT (4»RND) 44+6
C=INT (RND*32) +1
CALL GCHAR(R,C,A)
IF A=104 THEN 430
CALL HCHAR (R, C, 120)
CALL SOUND ( lOO, -1 ,4)
CALL HCHAR (ROW^ COL, CHAR-2* <DIR<
O) )
CALL S0UND(-5, -7, 4)
IF R0W>20 THEN 990
OLDCOL=COL
OLDROW=ROW
COL=CaL+DIR
IF f COL>0) * (C0L<33) THEN 540
COL=COL-DIR
ROW=RDW+4
DIR=-DIR
GOTO 350
CALL GCHAR<ROW+l , COL, CHECK)
CALL KEY<0,K',ST)
IF ST THEN 640
IF CHECK=120 THEN 770
IF CHECK<>104 THEN 610
DIR=-DIR
R0W=R0W+4
CHAR=225-CHAR
SCORE=SCDRE+. 5
BDTD 350
IF CHECK-; >120 THEN 1030
CALL HCHAR (OLDROW.OLDCOL, 32)
HCHAR<RGW-l,COL, 1122»iDIR
CALL
< O ) )
CALL
CALL
CALL
CALL
CDL, 12B)
500, 1 , 510, 10, 52
>0)
COL, 32)
SOUND (5, 250, 10)
SOUND (5, 200, 10)
SOUND (5, 300, 10)
HCHAR CROW-1
SC0RE=SC0RE+25
CALL SOUND(-SOO.
0,20)
CALL SOUND (1,110,
CALL HCHAR (ROW-1
COL=COL+DIR
GOTO 490
CALL KEY(0,K,ST)
IF ST THEN 580
CALL HCHAR (OLDROW, OLDCOL, 32)
CALL HCHAR (ROW, COL, 1 16)
FDR 1=1000 TO 1O20
CALL SOUND (-1,1,0)
NEXT I
CALL HCHAR (ROW, COL, 32)
CALL HCHAR (ROW+1 , COL, 121 )
CALL SOUND ( 1000, -2, 4. 1 10, 4)
CALL SOUND ( 1 , 1 lO, 1 )
CALL CLEAR
CALL SCREEN(12>
PRINT "YOUR SCORE WAS : " ; I NT ( SCO
RE)
PRINT : "PLAY A6A1N? (Y/N):
CALL KEY (3, K . ST)
IF (K< >ASC < " Y") ) t (K< >
HEN 920
PRINT CHR*(K)
IF K = ASC ( "N" ) THEN 980
SCORE=:0
GOTO 1 10
END
DIFF=DIFF+1
SC0RE=SCQRE+5 0
ASC ( "N" ) ) T
1010
1020
1O30
1040
105 0
1060
1070
1080
1090
1 100
1110
1 120
1 130
1 140
1 150
1 160
1 170
1 180
1 190
1200
1210
1220
1230
1240
1250
1260
1270
1280
1290
1300
1310
CALL CLEAR
GOTO 160
FOR 1=150 T
CALL SOUND (
NEXT I
SCORE=SCORE
GOTO 5BO
REM INITITI
ERS
READ A
IF A=-l THE
READ A*
CHAR (A
109 0
96, FF4
104, 7E
112
1 13
1 14
115
116, 00
120, 81
121
128
-1
TO
CALL
GOTO
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
FOR 1=9
READ A
CALL
NEXT
DATA
CALL
O 140 STEP -1
-1,1,1}
-25
ALIZE GAME, CHARACT
N 1250
A«)
10
10
lO
1 o
BD
OO
224
427
283
283
2B1
281
1C5
814
BD5
771
13
1818
E427
0247
0A27
8483
84A3
D2A1
'->'->•-*•->
A222
4774
2442FF
E427E42
BBS2442
C782448
C3A4Ba4
C3C4B24
ClCi422
42400C3
42400C3
177OOO0
COLOR (
I
6,4,14
SCREEN
I , A, 1 )
, lO, 12
(16)
RETURN
@
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Moyl983 COMPUret 43
Atari's New
Add-On Computer
For VCS 2600
Game Machine
Tom R, Halfhill, Features Editor
A new add-on keyboard unit from
Atari will turn the zvorid's most
popular video game machine
into a home computer - for
under $90.
Atari's announcement
of a plug-in computer
keyboard for the VCS
2600 game machine
adds yet another
contender to the growing
field of sub- SlOO home
computers. But more than that, this
may well be a move to capture the huge
number of VCS owners who are considered
prime candiciates to buy a home computer.
Smce 1977, when the VCS {Video Computer
System) was first introduced, more than ten mil-
lion have been sold - far more than any other
game machine. That massive "installed base," as
it's called by marketing people, represents a luc-
rative market for the new computer keyboard.
What's more, by announcing the product so far in
advance (the keyboard is not scheduled for de-
livery until September 1) perhaps Atari hopes
that many of these ten million potential customers
will put off buying a competing model in the
meantime.
My First Computer
So how will the new computer stack up against
the competition? Atari's early specifications
iA COMPUn' Mov1983
indicate it will be a solid
contender, unless new computers
introduced this summer by
competitors radically
change the under-
SlOti market.
Atari's official
name ior the key-
board unit is "My
First Computer."
Expected to retail
for under $90, My
First Computer clamps
onto the VCS piggy-
back-style, plugging
into the game machine's
cartridge slot. No other
connections are needed.
The marriage "^^^ is more or less permanent,
since the VCS can still be used as a game machine
bv plugging cartridges into an expansion slot on
the side of the computer.
My First Computer's keyboard consists of 56
moving rubber keys, arranged typewriter-style
(QWERTY). Although not quite a full-stroke type-
writer keyboard, the partial-stroke rubber keys cio
have a better feel than the Atari 400's flat mem-
brane keyboard. The rubber keys arc very similar
to those found on several other low-end home
computers recently introduced (see "New Home
Computers At The Winter Consumer Electronics
Show," COMPUTE!, March 1983).
Standard features include 8K of Random Ac-
cess Memory (RAM), expandable to 32K RAM;
16K of Read-Only Memory (ROM), which includes
THE GALAXY AWAITS YOUR COMMAND.
&m
When SSI introduced THE COSMIC BALANCE'; it was hailed as one of the finest tactical
space 3ame ever made: It not only save you starship combat that was fun, fast and furious, it
also let you desisn-your ships, you became both starfleet commander anci starship architect.
. Now we are proud to present its strategic-level sequel - THE COSMIC BALANCE II"; It
allows all 'you aspiring Galacbc Emperors out there to plot the srowth of your Space kinsdorp
- from a fiew, paltry planets to the entire Galaxy! Vou discover and coloniee planets, establish
commerce nets, organize production of necessities, and send starships out on missions. There
are .five scenar-ios prepared for you, but you aro. free to create your own.
No matter how you play it, THE COSMIC BALANCE IP is a game of interstellar conquest.
And the only way you're going to enlarge your share of the cosmic pie is to win -starship
battles against your opponent (which can be a human or the computer).
When actual combat occurs, you can let the computer resolve it instantly. Or you can slug
it out in all itst>la2ing glory by using TME COSMIC BALANCE" The battle outcome can then toe
incorporated Jnto the strategic game. . . ' '
Space rnay be what these games are all about, but there isn't enough-of it here to
adequately describe them,.- But why read when the Universe beckons? Plot a course to the
nearest computer/game store and get these games tc^Jay! You have a'dcstiny to fulfill - a
destiny that lies out there among the stars, . ' ' ■" .
^
c^
nf
on DISC FOR
THE APPLE®
AND ATARI®.
THE COSMIC BALANCE &
THE COSMIC BALANCE II
. (S39.95- each) are on
-48K diskette for the
Apple 11+ or Apple II
with Applesoft ROM ■
Card. Also on 48K" disk
for the Atari -iOC'SOO.
Apple >s a registered trademark of Appie Compuier, lac.
^ GAMES FROM SSI A:..' :so ■cgistcredtradctDaiJcof Atafi Inc.
'enient stores n'earyou, vrSAand MASTERCARD . To order by mail, send your check tO: Strategic Simulations Inc.
ect by calling 800-227-1 61 7,,x335 (toll free). 465 Fairchild Drive, Suite 108, Mountain Vsew, CA 94043, California
772-3545, .x335. 'residents, add 6 ',-5% sales tax, •
WRITE FOR A FREE COLOR CATALOG OF ALL OUR GAMES.
If: there are no convenient stores n'ear you, VISA and MASTERCARD
holders- can order direct by calling 800-227-1617, x335 (toll free).
In Californid. call 800-772-3545, .x335.
an 8K BASIC programming language; upper- and
lowercase characters; a 16-color display, with eight
luminances (shades) per color, for a total of 128
hues; screen format of 32 columns by 24 rows;
maximum graphics resolution of 192 by 160 pixels
(screen dots); two sound generators; a built-in
interface for storing programs on any standard
cassette recorder; and an expansion slot for plug-
ging in game cartridges, memory expanders, and
peripherals.
Microsoft Strings
The new computer's Central Processing Unit-
the microprocessor chip that is the central brain
of a microcomputer - is the widely used 6502.
This chip is also found in Atari's existing home
computers, the 400, 800, and 1200XL, as well as in
some competitors. However, My First Computer
will not be software or hardware compatible with
Atari's other computers. The 8K BASIC in the
new computer will be a cross between the existing
Atari BASIC and the more generally used Micro-
soft BASIC. The string-handling, for example,
will conform more closely to Microsoft BASIC
than Atari BASIC'S nonstandard approach. Al-
though design work on the BASIC and Operating
System is not finished, one of Atari's goals is to
include special statements for graphics and sound
in the language, as found in Atari BASIC.
Since the existing Atari peripherals will not
work with My First Computer, a new lino of low-
cost add-ons is being planned. This will include a
ptinter and some type of fast mass storage device,
either a minifloppy disk drive or some other alter-
native. Atari is not ruling out the possibility of a
microfloppy disk drive or a stringy floppy wafer-
tape drive, because it wants to keep the cost of
the peripherals comparable to the cost of the com-
puter. Atari's current disk drive for its 400/800/
1200XL models retails for about $500.
"We don't see a lot of rationale in offering a
$500 add-on for a base unit that will sell for under
$90," savs Bill Simmeth, project manager for My
First Computer. "Some other types of technologies
look attractive to us."
Graphics
Simmeth said it is still too early to say if My First
Computer will have advanced graphics capabil-
ities such as programmable characters and player/
missile graphics (sprites). But he did say that it
will have several graphics modes, that more than
two voices will be possible through programming,
and that the VCS's chips will be handling some
graphics processing to relieve the6502's workload.
"It will be like a dual-processing system, similar
to the [existing Atari) computers, although not
exactly alike. People will not be buying just a toy.
They're buying quite a nice, and a quite compar-
46 COMPUTf! MoylflSa
able, real computer."
Atari plans to introduce about 20 cartridges
for My First Computer when it is delivered, in-
cluding a new line of enhanced games and home
application programs. Software may also be sold
on cassettes.
Interestingly, Atari says it does not consider
its main compehtion for the new computer to be
the similar add-on keyboards for competing game
machines, the $150 Mattel Intellivision and $170
Colecovision attachments. Instead, Atari is aiming
its new model at home computers such as the $99
Timex/Sinclair, the new $99 Texas Instruments Tl-
99/2, and the Commodore VlC-20, which may
drop below $100 by the time My First Computer
is ready. To complicate this low-end market still
further, later this year Atari may introduce a
keyboard attachment for its newer, more ad-
vanced game machine, the 3200. However, no
details of this project are being released.
Atari also says My First Computer will not
compete with its own Atari 400, which is selling
for less than $200. "My First Computer is the mis-
sing link between video games and computers,"
says Michelle Simpson, an Atari spokesperson.
"We don't see it as competing with our own com-
puters. We see them as different models, like the
different models produced by a car company." ©
ATARI*800^
OWNERS
with 3 16K Memory Boards
Question #2:
What's the most efficient
way to maintain memory
and increase your options
using your memory slots?
A. Growth hormones
B. Phone home
C. The Mosaic Adapter
D. Scalpel
E. All of the above
joj MOU tiep e io\s usdo ub miM pMva ^fif? noA ssmV siiu,
■piEoq jajcfepp dibsoj^ auo ojuo }[} spjEoq j^iVH peiv OMj
uiojj sd!43 lAiva am „,>131cIVaV DIVSOIV 3HJ, ua/wsuy
We've Got More Than A
Fond Attachment For Your
ATARI
We've Got A Disk Drive For $488.
Percom Data Corporation believes your Atari' home cooipufer is more than just
fun and games. We believe you should be able to get a single-density, lloppy-disk-
system for your Atari 400 or 800 at a price that will take you into the future without
knocking you into the next galaxy
Percom Data has been manulacturing disk-drive systems, and other accessories
for personal computers since the mid-1970's and is the industry standard to
follow when it comes to data separation and system compaJibility,
The Percom Data AT-88 combines Percom Data quality and reliability at a price
that is not a budget-buster
The Percom Data AT-88 offers 88 Kbytes (formatted) in single-density w/ilh plug-
in ease of attachment to your Atari. The AT-88 has integral power supply "no-
patch" to Atari DOS and critical constant speed regulation.
Take advantage of this low introductory price of S488 by calling Percom Data now
to get more information, or the name of an authorized dealer nearby Call toll-free
1-800-527-1222
[?mm mx]
CORPORA! ION
Expanding Your Peripheral Vision
DRIVES * NETWORKS * SO FT WA R E
1 1220 Pagemiil Road Dallas, Texas 75243 (2U) 340-7081
— 1-80O-527-1222
■Mail 4aaaM is t irsdcmark
One On One
Chris York
"One Oil 0}>t'" ;'s ca^i/ to Icani, Iml )tot lytsi/ Io nHifitcy.
Written ori;^iiialh/ for the Atari, it has bcoi trinislatcd for
VIC, 64, and Apple. The VIC mid 64 versio)is include
tioo skill levels and a sn^^gestioji for chnngiji^ the object of
tliegauie.
In "One On One," two players go head to head in
an attempt to knock down the wall their opponent
is protecting.
The Atari version can be plaved with joysticks,
plugged into control ports one and two, or with
paddles, plugged into port number one. In the
game, player one tries to protect the wall at the top
of the screen, and player two cietends the wall at
the bottom.
The player's paddle (horizontal line closest to
the middle section ot' the screen) is used to intercept
the ball before it hits his wall and destroys a section.
When the ball hits either player's paddle, it bounces
toward the opponent's wall. Hn route, the flight of
the ball may be changed or impeded by barriers or
additional sections of wall which sen^c to make the
game faster and more exciting.
Eventually, one or both players will lose enough
wall so that the ball can go through it. The first player
to get the ball past his opponent's wall wins the
game and receives an appropriate victory message.
One On One is easy to learn and challenging.
You'll keep coming back to play it again and again.
Program 1: Atari version
A ninllkolorcd clmyaclcr mode is !i>cd to /ir;'\;/;/cj/ up the
screen in the Atari version of "One on One. " (Other versions
similar.)
46 coMPini! Movi^sa
100 SCREEN = PEEK ( 38 > +25&*PEEK <a9) : GOT
0 580
110 REM JOYSTICK SUBROUTINE
120 XOLD0=X0
130 IF STICK<0)=11 THEN X 0= X 0-3 * S6N (
X0-2)
140 IF STICK<0)=7 THEN X 0= X 0+ 3 t SGN < 3
5-X0)
150 IF X0=XDLD0 THEN 170
160 P0SITI0r4 XDLD0, 7: PR INT "
<;3 BPACES>"
170 POSITION X0,7:PRINT PI*
180 X0LD1=X1
190 IF STICK(1)=11 THEN X1=X1-3*S6N(
X 1-2)
200 IF STICK<1)=7 THEN X 1 = X 1 +3 « SEN < 3
5-X 1 )
210 IF X1=XDLD1 THEN 230
220 POSITION XDLDl , li: PR INT "
iZ SPACEB>"
230 POSITION X1.1A:PRINT Pl$
240 RETURN
2S0 REM PADDLE SUBROUTINE
260 XOLD0=X0
270 X0=3S-INT (PADDLE (0 ) /6. 75>
280 IF X0=XOLD0 THEN 300
290 POSITION XOLD0. 7: PRINT "
<3 SPACES!"
300 POSITION X0. 7 -.PRINT PI*
310 XOLDl=Xl
320 X 1=35-INT (PADDLE ( 1 ) /6. 75)
330 IF X1=XDLD1 THEN 350
340 POSITION XOLDl , 16: PRINT "
iz spaces; "
350 POSITION X1,I6:PRINT Pit
360 RETURN
370 POSITION 6,0;PRINT "PRESS SPACES
AR TO START GAME"
330 POKE 764 , 255
390 IF PEEK (764) =33 THEN 4 10
400 GOSUB BLINE:GaTD 390
4 10 POSITION 6,0: FOR X = i TO 32: PR I NT
" ";: NEXT X: POKE DL- 1,4+64
420 SOUND 0, 50, 10, 8: FDR X=i TO 75
430 NEXT XiSDUND 0,0,0,0
440 BX=INT<B*RND<1))+16:BY=9:DX=1:DY
= 1
450 IF RND(0)<0-5 THEN DX=-1
460 IF RND(0)<.0.5 THEN DY = -1:BY=14
470 POSITION BX,BY:PR1NT " " ;
480 BX=BX+DX : By = BY + DV- POSITION BX,BY
:PRINT "CT>";:REM BALL(CNTL-T)
490 IF L=Ba AND OLDL=88 THEN 510
500, IF L=83 THEN SOUND 0 . 50 , 1 0 , 1 0 : FO
R X=l TO 15:NEXT X : SOUND 0,0,0,0
: DY=-DY
il0 GOSUB BL1NE:IF BY<2 OR BY>21 THE
N B70
FROIV1: CREATIVE SOFTWMiE
TO: VIC-20 OWNERS
RE; NEW TITLES- MARCH 1,1983,
TAPE CASSETTE fOR USE WITH THE COMMODORE VIC-20
VI HOI
HOW CAN YOU BE CREATIVE
IF YOUR SOFTWARE ISNT?
/fflv'
AQiuision ol ASCI. Ill
■"^^l^^^ 230 E. Caribbean • Sunnyvale, CA 94086
Copyright 1983 by Creative Software
"VIC-20" and "COMMODORE" are
trademarks of COMMODORE ELECTRONICS, LTD.
520 OLDL=L
530 LOCATE B X +DX , BY + D Y , L
540 IF L=32 THEN 470
550 IF L=l'? THEN SOUND 0 , 1 00 , 1 0 , 1 0 : F
OR X=l TO 15:NEXT X : SOUND 0,0.0,
0: DX=-DX:GOTO 530
560 IF L=ia THEN SOUND 0 . 1 00 , 1 0 , 1 0 ; F
OR X=l TO 15:NEXT X : SOUND 0,0,0,
0: DY=-DY
570 GOTO 470
580 GRAPHICS 2:SETCDLDR 2,0,0
590 SETCOLOR 0,7,10
600 POSITION 4,4
610 PRINT #6; "ONE ON ONE ! "
620 POSITION 3, 5
630 PRINT " JOYSTICKS OR PADDLES (i
OR 2) " ; : INPUT BLOCK
640 IF BL0CK=1 THEN BL I NE= 1 1 0 : GOTO 6
60
650 BLINE=240
660 DIM Pi* (3) , At ( 36)
670 Pl*="<:3 R>":REM PADDLE < CNTL-R )
680 A4="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX"
690 GRAPHICS 0:SETCDLOR 4,0,12:SETCO
LOR 2, 2, 10:SETCOLOR 1,15,10
700 DL= PEEK (560) +256* PEEK (56 1) +4: FOR
1=2 TO 24:PQKE DL+I,4:NEXT I
710 BARVeRT=83: REM VERTICAL BARCCNTL
-Y)
720 FDR 1=2 TO 21
730 POKE SCREEN+1+I «40, BARVERT
740 POKE SCREEN+3B+I «40, BARVERT
750 NEXT I
760 FDR Y = 2 TO 13 STEP 16-.POSITION 2
, Y: FOR X=l TO 4
770 PRINT A*:NEXT X:NEXT Y:SETCOLOR
1,12,7
780 FOR X=5 TO 34 STEP 29: FOR Y=10 T
O 13:P0KE SCREEN+X+Y«40,a3:NEXT
Y:NEXT X
790 FOR X=14 TO 25 STEP 1 1 : FOR Z=9 T
O 12 STEP 3:F0R Y=Z TO Z+2:P0KE
SCREEN-t-X+Y*40, 83: NEXT YsNEXT Z:N
EXT X
800 FOR X=e TO 23 STEP 10:POSITION X
,11:PRINT "XXXX" ;: POSITION X,12:
PRINT " X XXX " ; : NEXT X
S10 X0=29:X1=2
820 IF BLOCK=2 THEN 370
830 POSITION X0,7:PRINT P1«:REM JOYS
TICK ONLY
840 POSITION X1,16:PRINT P1*:REM JOY
STICK ONLY
850 POKE 752, 1
860 GOTO 370
870 SOUND 0, 72, 10, 8: GOSUB 1050
880 SOUND 0, 64, 10, 8: BDSUB 1050
890 SOUND 0, 60, 10, 8: SOSUB 1050
900 SOUND 0, 72, 10, a : BOSUB 1050
910 SOUND 0, 64, 10, 8: 6DSUB 1050
920 SOUND 0, 72, 10, B: GOSUB 1050
930 WW=WW+i:IF WW<3 THEN 870
940 WW=0
950 POSITION BX,BY:PRINT " " ;
960 POKE DL-1 , 2+64 : POSITION 2,0
970 IF BY>21 THEN PRINT " 1 ! • ! ! I V I CTO
RY GOES TO PLAYER 1 ' ' I ! i ! " ;
980 IF BY<2 THEN PRINT " ! I ! ! ! ! V I CTOR
Y GOES TO PLAYER 2 ! ! i ! M " ;
990 FOR 1=12 TO 1 3 : POKE DL+ I , 2 : NEX T
I
50 COMPUIB May19B3
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
1050
1060
POSITION 2.
AIN, PRESS
1 1 : PRINT
THE FIRE
"TO PLAY AG
BUTTON ":PRI
PRESS Q
NT "ON EITHER JOYSTICK
TO QUIT . "
IF STRIG(0)=0 OR STRIG(1)=0 THE
N 690
IF PTRI6(0)=0
N 690
IF PEEK (764) =47 THEN POKE
55:6RAPHICS 0:PRINT "TYPE
TO ERASE PROGRAM. ": END
GOTO 1010
FOR X=l TO 10:NEXT X
SOUND 0, 0, 0 . 0: RETURN
OR PTRIG ( 1 ) =0 THE
764, 2
<NEW>
VIC Version
The VIC version uses game paddles plugged
into the control port. It has two skill levels. At
level one, all ball movement is at a 45 degree
angle with respect to the X and Y axis. Level
two allows the players to double the horizontal
increment of the ball by striking it with a
moving paddle. The subroutine from lines 160
to 220 determines if the paddle has changed
from its last position. If the paddle position
changes just before the baU strikes it, then the
resulting horizontal motion of the ball becomes
twice as fast. The vertical increment of the
ball, however, always stays the same. Either
player can slow the ball to the usual diagonal
motion by allowing the ball to strike a station-
ary paddle.
The wall that each player must defend is
generated with random brick colors in lines
420 to 440. The game will look different each
time it is played.
If you become truly proficient at One On
One, you might change the game so that the
object is to break through the wall behind your
paddle. This speeds up the action considerably,
as you attempt to maintain control of the ball.
Giving control of the ball to your opponent, of
course, allows him to destroy his waU and
defeat you even sooner.
Program 2: vie version
100 Nl=l:N2=32:N3=81:N4=4:NS=248:N6=249:N7
=132:N8=352:N9=2
110 CL=37154:P5=37152:P4=37151:M1=0:M2=23:
M3=102:M4=220iM5=160:M6=15.93tG=l
8:M8=16
120 GOTO 340
130 L5=PEEK(SCREEN+X+(Y+DY)*C) :IF L5=N5 OR
L5=N6 THEN DX=-DX: DY=-DY: RETURN
140 IF PEEK(SCREEN+X+DX+Y*C)=M3 THEN DX=-D
X: RETURN
150 DY=-DY: RETURN
160 IF DX=-2 THEN DX=-1
170 IF DX=2 THEN DX=1
180 IF Y+DY=M8 THEN 210
190 X0=G-INT(PEEK(P0)/m6) :IF X0OL0 THEN D
X=2*DX
V>^gJj^W■■■tit«!^?'•^>*,■■,r■•'iv - T ,
^^?
UMI sofl:ware...aworld of choices
A World of Fun! They're hot! They're new! The
exceptional graphics and challenging play of UMI's
games have made United Microware the leader in
arcade-quality recreational software.
A World of Help! UMI has created programs to
help professionals and homeowners "take care of
business." UMI can make your life a little easier
with word processing, information storage, finan-
cial management, hobbyist programs, utilities and
communication programs — all with easy-to-
understand instructions.
A World of Choices! All programs come on cas-
settes or UMI's own durable cartridges, depending
on your selection. If you're looking for fun, or for
an easier way to manage your personal business,
look to UMI ... the leader you can trust. UMI
products are available at your favorite computer
products store.
Dealer inquiries invited.
United Microware Industries, Inc.
3503-C Temple Avenue
Pomona, California 91768
(714)594-1351
^^^
200 RETURN
210 X1=G-INT(PEEKCP1)/M6):IF XlOLl THEN D
X=2*DX
220 RETURN
230 X0=G-INT(PEEK(P0)/m6) :IF X0=L0 THEN RE
TURN: REM PADDLE MOVEMENT
240 V=SCREEN+N7+L0:POKE V,N2:P0KE V+A,N1
250 POKE V+N1,N2:P0KE V+N1+A,N1
260 V=SCREEN+N7+X0:POKE V,N5:P0KE V+A,N4
2 70 POKE V+Nl,tlS :POKE V+Kl+A, N4 :L0=X0 : RETU
RN
280 X1=G-INT(PEEK(P1)/m6) :IF X1=H THEN RE
TURN
290 V=SCREEN+N8+Ll:POKEV,N2:POKE V+A,N1
3 00 P0KEV+N1,N2:P0KE V+A+N1,N1
310 V=SCREEN+N8+X1 :POKE V,N6:P0KE V+A,N4
320 POKE V+Nl,N6:POKE V+Nl+A, N4:L1=X1 :RETU
RN
330 POKE V1,15:POKESI,S5:FORI=1TO30:NEXT:P
OKEVl , 0 : POKES 1,0: RETURN
340 POKE 36879, 31 : PRINT" (clear} "
350 PRINT"[0a down} £05 RIGHT}0NE on ONEl"
360 PRINT :PRINT; INPUT" l04 RIGHTJlEVEL 1 OR
2 " ; LV
370 SCREEN=256*PEEKC64B) : A=30720 :X=RND{0 )
380 IF PEEK(648)=16 THEN A=33792
3 90 Vl=36878: 31=35876 :P0=36872:P1=3687 3 :C=
22:X0=2:X1=18
400 DEFFNA{U)=SCREEN+X+C*Y:DEFFNC(U)=FNA{U
)+A:DEFFNB(U)=INTCU*RND(1) )+2
410 PRINT" {clear} "
420 FOR Z=1T018STEP 17
430 FOR Y=ZTO Z+3:FOR X=2 TO 19: POKE FNAC0
),I60
440 POKE FNCC0),FNB(6>:NEXT:NEXT:NEXT
450 FORZ=0TO20STEP20:FORX=ZTOZ+1:FORY=0TO2
2: POKE FNA(0) , 102:POKE FNCC0),2
460 NEXT : NEXT : NEXT
470 FORZ=6TO13STEP7:FORX=ZTOZ+2:FORY=10TO1
2:POKEFNA(0),102
480 POKE FNC ( 0 ), 2 : NEXT : NEXT ; NEXT
490 GOSUB 260:GOSUB 310
500 PRINT" lUP} [02 right} PRESS IGRN}sEBLK}
TO START";
510 GET A$:IF A5="S" THEN 530
520 GOSUB 230: GOSUB 280:GOTO 510
530 FOR 1=1 TO 17:PRINT" {02 LEFT) " ; :FORJ=
1 TO50: NEXT: NEXT
540 REM START GAME
550 X=11:Y=11:DX=1:DY=1
560 IF RND(1)<.5 THEN DX=-1
570 IF RND(1)<.5 THEN DY=-1
5 80 GOTO 660
590 POKE FNA(0) ,N2:POKE FNC(0) , Nl :L6=PEEK(
SCR£EN+X+DX/2+(DY+Y)*C)
600 I FABS ( DX ) =2 ANDL6 < >M3 ANDL6 < >N5ANDL6<>N6
THEN 620
610 X=X+DX:Y=Y+DY:GOTO 630
6 20 X=X+DX/2:Y=Y+DY:POKEFNA(0),N2:POKEFNC(
0),Nl:X=X+DX/2
630 POKE FNA(0),N3;POKE FNC(0),N4:IF Y>4 A
ND Y<18 THEN FL=0
640 IF(L=M5AND0LDL=M5)0R(L=M5ANDFL=1)THEN
S5=M5: GOSUB 3 30: GOTO 660
650 IF L=M5 THEN S5=M5;GOSUB 330 ;DY=-DY:IF
Y<50RY>17 THEN FL=1
660 GOSUB 230:GOSUB 280; IF Y=M1 OR Y=M2 TH
EN 740
6 70 OLDL=L
680 L=PEEK{SCREEN+X+DX+(Y+DY)*C)
690 IF L=N2 THEN 590
700 IFL=H3THEN S5=M4 ;GOSUB330:GOSUB 130:GO
TO 680
710 IF(L=N50RL=N6)ANDLV=1THEN S5=M4:G0SUB "
3 30:DY=-DY
7 20 IF(L=N50RL=N6)ANDLV=2THEN S5=M4:G0SUB '
3 30:GOSUB 160 :DY=-DY: goto 680
7 30 GOTO 590
740 IF Y=M2 then PRINT" {hOMeI {02 RIGHT} IIP
LAYER 1 WINS I 1 I"
750 IF Y=M1 THEN PRINT" {HOME} {02 RIGHT} 1 IP
LAYER 2 WINS I 1 1"
760 GOSUB 830
770 PRINT" {12 down} {right} PRESS FIRE BUTTO
N TO": PRINT" (right} PLAY AGAIN, {GR
GRN}q{BLK} TO QUIT"
780 POKE CL,127:P=PEEK(P5)AND128
7 90 FR=-(P=0) :POKE CL, 2 55 ;P=PEEK(P4) : FL=- {
{PAND16)=0)
800 IF FL=1 OR FR=l THEN 340
810 GET A$:IF A$<>"Q" THEN 780
820 PRINT" {clear} ": END
830 POKEV1,15:FORI=230TO252STEP2:POKE3687 5
, I s FORJ=1TO50 jNEXT t NEXT
840 POKE 36875,0; POKE VI, 0: RETURN
CBM-64 Version
The Commodore 64 version of One On One is
designed to be played using two joysticks.
Since barriers are placed in symmetrical posi-
tions in the central portion of the screen, the
ball may rebound four or five times before
reaching an opponent. This provides for a
more challenging defensive strategy and a
faster moving game. If you would like to adapt
this program for use v/ith paddles, substitute
these lines:
11 AL = (36-(INT(F2/8.S)+3»
THEN 17
19 F2 = PEEK(54297):GOTO10
51 AR = (36-(INT(Fl/8.5) + 3))
THEN 57
59 Fl = PEEK(54298):GOTO SO
Program 3: cbm-64 version
0 REM: ONE ON ONE FOR CBM-54
1 POKE646,l
2 PRINT" {rev} {clear} (11 RIGHT} {10 DOWN) ~
ONE ON ONEl ! t{OFF}";
3 PRINT" {rev} (17 left} {03 D0WN}PRESS SPA
CE TO PLAY {off} ";
4 POKE53281,0:IFPEEK(197)<>60THEN4
5 GOTO100
9 AL=15:G0T019
10 ODDAL=AL
11 AL=AL+F2:IFAL=ODDALTHEN17
12 IFAL<4 THENAL=3
1 3 POKEG+ODDAL ,32: POKEG+ODDAL+1 ,32: POKEG+
ODDAL+2 ,32: POKEG+ODDAL+3 , 3 2
14 IFAL>=33THENAL=3 3
1 5 POKEG+AL ,120: POKEG+AL+1 ,120: POKEG+AL+2
, 120;POKEG+AL+3, 120
1 6 POKEG+AL+D , 7 : POKEG+AL+D+1 , 7 : POKEG+AL+2
+D , 7 : P0KEG+AL+3+D , 7
17 RETURN
52 COMPOTE! rvta/We3
YOirVE GOT TO PlAY IT
TOBEUEVEm
Four great games from
Commercial Data Systems bring
more excitement to the VIC-20*
CDS offers better movement,
better sound and more realistic
characters. You'll find it all by
playing these super-color
games:
ROAD TOAD
Leaping its way to become the
#1 frog game ever!
BUG SPREE
A fast-paced battle game, w/ith
bugs, mushrooms and spiders,
attracts young and old alike.
*VIC-20 Reg. trade mark of
Commodore Business
Machines. Some games also
available for Commodore 64.
MOTOR MOUSE
A race against the clock with
mice, cats and cheese.
WITCH WAY
This one is barrels of fun and
requires an 8K Expander. Nine
levels of action with four
screens.
All games programmed in
machine language.
ROAD TOAD, BUG SPREE,
MOTOR MOUSE and WITCH
WAY are available at the
suggested retail price of $29.95
(U.S.) each from your dealer or:
Commercial Data Systems Ltd.
730 Eastview Avenue,
Regina, Saskatchewan
Canada S4N 0A2
(306) 525-3386
s4.
<.m
^^rSai.=.^v
■i^^^
iSfe*K2
m^
19 0N( {PEEK(56321)AND12)/4)GOTO20, 30,40:
20 F2=3:GOTO10
30 F2=-3:GOTO10
40 F2=0:GOTO10
49 GOT059
50 ODDAR=AR
51 AR=AR+F1
52 IFAR<4 THENAR=3
53 POKEF+ODDAR,32 :POKEP+ODDAR+l , 32 : POKEF+
ODDAR+2 ,32 :P0KEF+ODDAR+3 ,32
54 IFAR>=33THENAR=33
5 5 POKEF+AR ,121; POKEF+AR+1 ,121: POKEF+AR+2
, 121 :P0KEF+AR+3, 121
5 6 POKEF+AR+D , 7 : POKEF+AR+D+1 , 7 : POKEF+AR+2
+D , 7 ; P0KEF+AR+3+D , 7
5 7 RETURN
59 0N( (PEEK(56320)AND12)/4)GOTO60,70,80:
60 Fl=3:GOTO50
70 F1=-3;GOTO50
80 F1=0:GOTO50
100 B=1026:E=1060:D=54272:POKE53281, 1:P0KE
53280, liPRINT" {clear! "; :C=1226:F=
1260
102 F=1024+40*6:SCR=1024:G=1024+40*14
110 FORL=lTO4:B=B+40:E=E+40
120 FORI=BTOE:POKEI,160:POKEI+D, (8*RND(l) )
+2; NEXT
130 NEXT: IF Z=1THEN150
140 B=1626:E=1660:Z=1:GOTO110
150 FORS=1024TO1877STEP40:POKES, 127:POKES+
3 7,127: POKES+D , 0 : POKES+3 7+D , 0 :NEX
T
151 FORS=1025TOia77STEP40 :POKES, 127 :POKES+
3 7,127: POKES+D , 0 : POKES+3 7+D , 0 : NEX
T
160 REM SCREEN & BACKGROUND
165 FORC=1TO30STEP4:POKE1428+C,90:POKE1428
+C+D,0:NEXT
171 POKEG+1 5 ,120 : POKEG+15+1 ,120: POKEG+1 5+2
,120:POKEG+15+3,120
1 72 POKEG+1 5+D , 7 : POKEG+1 5+D+l , 7 : POKEG+15+2
+D,7 :POKEG+15+3+D,7
173 POKEF+15,121:POKEF+15+l,121:POKEF+15+2
,121tPOKEF+15+3,121
174 POKEF+15+D,7:POKEF+15+D+l,7:POKEF+15+2
+D,7:POKEF+15+3+D,7
180 Y=ll:DX=liDY=l:X=ll
190 IFRND(1)<.5THENDX=-1
200 IFRND{1)<.5THENDY=-1
201 AR=15:AL=15
208 POKE1024+X+40*Y,32:POKE1024+X+40*Y+D,0
209 X=X+DX:Y=Y+DY:POKE1024+X+40*Y,81:POKE1
0 24+X+40*Y+D,8
235 IFL=160ANDOLDL=150THEN245
2 37 IFL=160THENDY=-DY:GOSUB500
245 GOSUB49:GOSUB19:IFY=0ORY=23THEN990
2 50 OLDL=L
260 L=PEEK(SCR+X+DX+(Y+DY)*40)
2 70 lFL=32THEN20a
2 80 IFL=1 27THENDX=-DX : GOSUB500 : GOTO260
2 90 IFL=121ORL=120ORL=90THENDY=-DY:GOSUB50
0
300 GOTO208
500 5=5427 2 !FORQ=STOS+24:POKEQ,0: NEXT: POKE
S+5 ,88 :POKES+24, 15 :P0KES+1 , 10
510 POKES , 143 : FORRD=1TO50 : NEXT : RETURN
990 POKE646,0
1000 IFY<1THENPRINT"U2 RIGHT) (09 DOWN) I
REV)PLAYER 1 WlNSl I (oFF) " !GOTO250
0
1010 FORA=lTO30iGETA$!NEXT
2000 IFY>22THENPRINT"lll RIGHT) {09 DOWN) t
REV)PLAYER 2 WINSU {OFF) " ; GOTO250
0
2010 FORA=1TO30;GETA$;NEXT
2500 PRINT" {10 RIGHT) {12 DOWN) { REV ) PLAY AGA
IN? Y OR N{0FF) "
2510 IFPEEK{197)=25THEN2515
2511 IFPEEK(197)=39THEN2520
2512 GOTO2510
2 515 IFPEEK(l97)=25THENPOKE646,liRUN
2 520 END
Apple Version
On the Apple, One On One is played with
the paddles and has two skill levels. At level
one, all ball movement is strictly 45 degrees
with respect to the X and Y axis. After a short
period of play, you'll probably be ready to
move on to level two, where the ball angle
can be altered.
At level two, the flight of the ball can be
changed from the usual diagonal motion by
moving the paddle just prior to the moment
the ball strikes it. If this is successfully ac-
complished (as detected in lines 18 to 28),
the X increment of the ball is doubled so that
the ball moves twice as fast horizontally.
Vertical ball movement, on the other hand,
remains the same. In order to return to nor-
mal ball motion, the ball must strike a sta-
tionary paddle.
An especially pleasing feature of the
Apple version is the random choice of wall
colors each time a new game is played. This
is carried out in the short subroutine at line
30.
A different sort of game can be played if you
try to break through the wall behind you
rather than defend it. The player who main-
tains control of the ball longer will ultimately
break through his wall more quickly.
Program 4: Apple Version
10 SOSUB 2000: GOTO 50
12 IF SCRNt X,Y + DY) = 1 THEN DX = -
DX:DY = - DY: RETURN
13 IF SCRN( X + DX,Y) = 15 THEN DX =
- DX: RETURN
14 DY = - DY: RETURN
18 IF DX = - 2 THEN DX = - 1
19 IF DX = 2 THEN DX = 1
22 IF Y + DY = Rl THEN 26
23 X0 = INT ( POL (0) / M6) + 2: IF X0
< > L0 THEN DX = 2 * DX
25 RETURN
26 XI = INT ( PDL (1) / M6) + 2: IF XI
< > LI THEN DX = DX » 2
28 RETURN
30 D = INT ( RND (1) * 13) +2: IF D =
DL OR D = 13 THEN 30
40 RETURN
50 M6 = 7.73:X0 = 2:X1 = 34:R0 = 7sRl = 32
54 COMP«ITfl MOV1983
fBO^A
H
f:
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-toon malcLT fnr children.
■-' atically ;ip[vnd your sprttc^ to other prt>«T:irni.
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110
112
IF X
120
130
+2: IF X
+ 3 AT Rl
+ 3 AT Rl
PEEK (
16336
CALL 770 i
HTAB 10:
ON ON
; PRINT : PRINT
TO 35 STEP 34:
GOTO 1000
REM PADDLE 0 SUBROUTINE
115 X0 = INT < PDL (0) / M6)
0 = L0 THEN RETURN
CDLOR= 0: HLIN L0,L0 + 3 AT R0
COLaR= 1: HLIN X0,X0 + 3 AT R0
140 L0 = X0: RETURN
145 REM PADDLE 1 SUBROUTINE
150 XI = INT < PDL (1) / M6)
1 = LI THEN RETURN
155 COLOR= 0: HLIN LI, LI
160 COLOR= 1: HLIN XI, XI
170 LI = XI: RETURN
250 FOR I = 1 TO 5:A =
)j NEXT I: RETURN
RETURN
POKE 768,1: POKE 767,10
RETURN
TEXT : HOME : VTAB 11:
FLASH : PRINT "D N E
! " : NORMAL
VTAB 17: PRINT SPC ( 13); "LEVEL 1
OR 2 ■';: INPUT LV: IF LV > 2 OR L
V < 1 THEN 1010
HOME 1 GR : PRINT
: PRINT : FOR Z = 1
FDR Y = Z TO Z + 3
SOSUB 30
COLOR= D:DL = D
HLIN 2,37 AT Yi NEXT Y; NEXT Z
FOR Z = a TO 28 STEP 10: FOR Y =
19 TO 21: GOSUB 30: COLaR= D:DL =
D
HLIN Z,Z + 4 AT Y: NEXT Y: NEXT Z
1 COLOR= 15
FOR I ^ 0 TO 38 STEP 38; VLIN 1,3
8 AT I: VLIN 1,38 AT I + 1: NEXT I
: IF LV = 1 THEN 1056
FOR I = 7 TO 32 STEP 25: VLIN 17,
23 AT I: VLIN 17,23 AT I + 1: NEXT
I
FOR X = 13 TO 26 STEP 13; FDR Y =
11 TO 23 STEP 12; VLIN Y,Y + 5 AT
X; VLIN Y,Y + 5 AT X + 1 : NEXT Y:
NEXT X: GOTO 1059
FOR I = 5 TO 35 STEP 30; VLIN 17,
23 AT I: NEXT 1
FOR X = 14 TO 26 STEP 12: FOR Y =
11 TO 24 STEP 13: VLIN Y,Y + 5 AT
X: NEXT Y: NEXT X
COLDR= 1: GOSUB 130: GOSUB 160
PRINT SPC< B>; "PRESS THE FIRE BU
TTON ON": PRINT SPC < 4) ; "PADDLE 0
OR 1 TO START THE GAME"
1070 P0 = PEEK ( - 16287) :P1 = PEEK (
- 16286): IF P0 > 127 OR PI > 127
THEN 1090
GOSUB 115: GOSUB 150: GOTO 1070
PRINT : PRINT s PRINT ; PRINT
CLEAR TEXT WINDOW
REM GAME ROUTINE
X = INT < RND (1) « 9) + 17:Y
3:DX = 1:DY = 1
IF RND (1) < .
IF RND (1) < .
= 17
GOTO UB0
COLOR= 0: PLOT
2 AND I SCRN( X
> 15 AND SCRN(
) < > 1) THEN
DY
260
280
1000
1010
1020
1030
1035
1040
1043
1045
1048
1049
1050
1056
1057
1059
1060
1080
1090
1100
1110
1120
1130
1135
1140
REM
= 2
5
5
THEN
THEN
DX =
DY =
- 1
- 1;Y
X,Y:
+ DX
X +
PLOT
IF ABS
/ 2,Y +
DX / 2,Y
X + DX /
<DX) =
DY) <
+ DY
2,Y +
1150 X = X + DX:Y = Y + DY: CDLOR= 13: PLOT
X.Y: IF Y > 4 AND Y < 35 THEN FL =
0
1160 IF (L < 15 AND L > 1 AND OLDL < 1
5 AND OLDL > 1) OR (L < IS AND L >
1 AND FL = 1) THEN GOSUB 250: GOTO
1 180
1170 IF L < IS AND L > 1 THEN GOSUB 2
50; DY = - DY: IF Y < 5 OR Y > 34 THEN
FL = 1
1180 GOSUB 115: GOSUB 150: IF Y = 0 OR
Y = 39 THEN 1250
1190 OLDL = L
1200 L = SCRN( X + DX,Y + DY)
1210 IF L = 0 THEN 1140
1220 IF L = 15 THEN GOSUB 280: BDSUB
12: GOTO 1200
1230 IF L = 1 AND LV = 1 THEN GOSUB 2
80:DY = - DY
1235 IF L = 1 AND LV = 2 THEN GOSUB 2
80: GOSUB 18: DY = - DY; GOTO 1200
1240 GOTO 1140
1250 REM WINNER
1270 IF Y = 39 THEN PRINT SPC ( 5);"!
1 f VICTORY GOES TO FLAYER 1111"
1280 IF Y = 0 THEN PRINT SPC < 5);"!!
I VICTORY GOES TO PLAYER 2! ! 1"
1290 FOR I = 1 TO 1000: NEXT I
1300 PRINT : PRINT SPC < 5) ; "PRESS A P
ADDLE BUTTON TO PLAY": PRINT SPC i
5) ; "AGAIN, Q TO QUIT";
1310 POKE - 16368, 0:P0 = PEEK ( - 16
287) :P1 = PEEK ( - 16286): IF P0 >
127 OR PI > 127 THEN 1000
1320 IF PEEK C - 16384) = ASC <"Q") +
128 THEN 1400
1330 GOTO 1310
1400 POKE - 16368,0: TEXT : HOME : END
2000 REM SOUND ROUTINE
2010 FOR I = 770 TO 795: READ M: POKE
I,M: NEXT
2020 DATA 172,01,03,174,01,03,169,04,
32, 168,252, 173,48, 192,232,208,253,
1 36 , 208 , 239, 206 , 0 , 03 , 208 , 23 1 , 96
2030 RETURN ©
COMPUTE!
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54 COMPUTE! Mayl'SS
Questions Beginners Asi(
Tom R, Halfhill, Features Editor
Are you thinking about buying a computer for the first
time, hut don't knoiv anything about computers? Or
maybe you just purchased a computer and are still a bit
baffled. Each month in this column, COMPUTE! will
tackle some of the most common questions tliai we are
asked by beginners.
QI own an Atari 400 computer and 410
recorder, and I'm very interested in pro-
gramming. Lately I've been experimenting with
the different graphics modes. I can draw pictures
on the screen, but I don't understand how to move
them around with the game controllers (joysticks,
paddles, and keyboard). What command makes
the joystick move the picture? If you could just
explain how to use the game controllers, I would
be very grateful.
A Although this particular question comes
from a 14-year-old reader with an Atari, it is a
common one asked by new users of all brands of
computers. How can I animate objects on the
screen with the game controllers? Unfortunately,
there is no simple answer.
First, it's important to understand that the
game controllers by themselves do nothing to animate
objects on the screen. Animation is up to your pro-
gram. All that a game controller does is change a
number in a memory location somewhere inside
the computer. That number indicates the status
of the controller, such as which way a joystick is
deflected, or how far a paddle knob is turned, or
which key is pressed on a keyboard.
Except for returning this number, a game
controller does absolutely nothing else in the way
of animation. A program reads this number, uses
it to figure out what action the user desires, and
then responds accordingly, thereby achieving
animation. This is not an easy task for beginning
programmers. Many beginners are dismayed
when they discover that animation is far more
difficult than just plugging in a joystick and typing
in a command or two that will move their pictures
around.
That's why most home computer manuals
and instruction books barely cover the subject.
You must be on solid ground with the fundamen-
tals of programming before attempting something
58 COMPUrei May 1983
like animahon.
To learn these more advanced techniques,
you'll have to read many computer magazines
and books. COMPUTE! has published numerous
articles on animation for the Atari and other popu-
lar computers, and will continue to do so. The
Beginner's Page column in the February 1983 issue,
"Writing An Arcade Game," is a good introduc-
tory article. It includes example programs for
several computers to demonstrate one method of
animation: repeatedly drawing and erasing an
object in screen memory. Other good sources are
COMPUTEl's First Book Of Atari Graphics and
COMPUTEl's First Book Of VIC.
Ql'm shopping around for my first home
computer, and I see many ads in magazines
and newspapers for low-priced computers. But
when I visit the store, it seems like the sales
people always try to sell me on numerous acces-
sories and other things that end up costing more
than the computer. How many accessories do I
really need to get' started? Isn't the computer itself
enough?
A Chances are you will end up buying more
than just the computer to get started. But
how many accessories you need really depends
on what you plan to use the computer for- some-
thing that should be foremost in your mind as
you shop.
A computer by itself is more useful than a
stereo receiver without speakers, a turntable, a
tape deck, and records. But there is an analogy
here. To make a computer really useful you need
software, programs to make it run. Among the
most popular uses for home computers are enter-
tainment and education. This means you'll need
game programs, educational programs, and so
on. You can write programs yourself, copy them
from COMPUTE!, or buy commercial software. But
whatever you do, you'll at least need a tape
player.
You'll need some way to load the programs
into the computer. Some programs are built into
plug-in cartridges which require no additional
equipment. But most programs come on cassette
tapes or disks. Loading a disk requires a disk drive,
which costs $350 to $600. That's why most people
start out with cassettes, which are far less expen-
NOT EVERYONE CAN TEACH THEIR ATARI™ NEWTRICKS.
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sideways, or diagonally. #3 PAGE FLIPPING — Change TV screens as
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Why Wabash is Special
The quality of Wabash diskettes is stressed throughout
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Since each step in the Wabash diskette manufacturing
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Flexible Disc Quantity Discounts Available
Wabash diskettes are packed 1 0 discs to a carton and 1 0
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saves you 7% and 1 00,000 or more discs earns you an 8%
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Product Description
SSSD IBM Compatible 028 B/S. 26 Sectors)
Same as above, but bulk pack w/o envelope
SSSD Shugart Compatible, 32 Hard Sector
SSDD IBM Compatible (1 28 B/S, 26 Sectors)
DSDD Soft Sector (Uriformatted)
DSDD Soft Sector (256 B/S. 26 Sectors)
DSDD Soft Sector |512 B/S, 15 Sectors)
DSDD Soft Sector 11024 B/S, 8 Sectors)
." SSSD Soft Sector w/Hub Ring
Same as above, but bulk pack w/o envelope
SSSD 10 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
SSSD 16 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
SSDD Lanier No-problem compatible
SSDD Soft Sector w/Hub Ring
Same as above, but bulk pack w/o envelope
SSDD Soft Sector Flippy Disk (use botti sides)
SSDD 10 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
SSDD 16 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
DSDD Soft Sector w/Hub Ring
DSDD 10 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
DSDD 16 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
SSQD Soft Sector w/Hub Ring (96 TPI)
DSQD Soft Sector w/Hub Ring (96 TPI)
Pan*
CE quant,
too prlcv
par disc (S)
Fill
1.99
F111B
1.79
F31A
1.99
F131
2.49
F14A
3.19
F144
3.19
F145
3.19
F147
3,19
Mil A
1.59
M11AB
1.39
M41A
1.59
M51A
1.59
M51F
2.99
M13A
1.89
M13AB
1.69
M18A
2.79
M43A
1.89
M53A
1.89
M14A
2.79
M44A
2.79
M54A
2.r9
M15A
2.69
M16A
379
8"
8"
8"
B-
B"
8"
8"
8"
SV.'
5'/.'
5'/.'
6V.'
5'/.'
5'A'
S'/.'
5V«'
5'A
S'A'
SVt'
5V.
5 'A
5'A
5'A
SSSD = Singre Sided Single Densily: SSDD = Single Sided Double Density:
DSDD = Double Sided Double Density: SSOD = Single Sided Quad Density:
DSOD = Double Sided Quad Density: TPI = Tracks per inch
Buy with Confidence
To gel the fastest delivery from CE of your Wabasfi computer
proiducts, send or phone your order directly to our Computer
Products Division. Be sure to calculate your price using the CE
prices in ttiis ad. Mictiigan residents please add 4% sales tax or
supply your tax I.D. number. Written purchase orders are accep-
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COMPUTERS AND
COMPOSITION
Joan Vesper
As people in schools, businesses, and homes receive
nnvc n)id more papers and letters icritten by computer
rather than by typewriter or pen, they may feel thai the
cursor has passed them by and that loriting as they
know if has irretrievably changed . Students in particular
zvill )iotice the perfectly-formatted papers that a few of
their classmates are turning in. Here are the pros and
cons ofu'ord processi)ig as reflected in an itifonnal sur-
vc\/ at three colleges.
Last year, on an extended visit to Boston (Silicon
Valley East), I counted myself among computer
greenhorns, and I wondered what it takes to write
"on-line," and if it's worth the effort. To find out
the answers, I visited three Boston-area colleges
(Babson, Harvard, and Massachusetts Institute of
Technology) and talked with students and staff
who regularly compose at terminals. In addition
to interviewing computer-users at the colleges, I
interviewed David Winder, assistant overseas
news editor of The Christian Science Monitor, who
has two years' full-time experience writing and
editing on-line. Most of the interviews took place
at campus terminal centers -large rooms equipped
with several keyboards and matching screens
where students drop in to use a terminal much as
they might rent a typewriter. One Babson student,
Linda Bailey, was interviewed in her office at
Intelligent Devices, hic, a computer-related
company she and her husband started in 1979.
As these people talked about using computers
to write, it became clear that:
1. Most do not use a computer during the
prewriting stage,
2. Some do, but some do not, use it during
the writing stage, depending on individual
composing habits and on cost and availability
of computers.
3. Almost all prefer to use a computer for
revising and making final drafts.
Their reflections on using the computer at
each of these stages help clarify what computers
can and cannot do for writers.
62 COMPUTE! Mov 1983
Prewriting
None of the computer-users interviewed employs
a terminal for jotting down notes days before he
or she writes the first draft of a paper. (A special
case is Jayne West, consultant and programmer
analyst at MIT, who also writes stream-of-
consciousness poetry on the computer.) However,
some use the computer for data analysis at this
early stage. For example, David Meltzer, an Eng-
lish major at Harvard, used the computer before
writing a term paper on Byron's Don }ua\i by
counting the ratio of Byron's use of the personal
pronoun "1" to the poet's use of the proper noun
"Don Juan." Because of the preponderance of the
word "I," Meltzer concluded that the poem is
highly autobiographical.
Writing
"It's just as hard to sit down to compose in front
of a blank screen as a blank sheet of paper," Melt-
zer observes. For this and other reasons, only the
most enthusiastic computer users in this survey,
a group of undergraduates on MIT's Student In-
formation Processing Board (SIPB) who guide
other MIT students in the use of MIT's terminals,
use computers to write out first drafts of papers.
Steeped in technology and having free access to
state-of-the-art equipment, SIPB "hackers" (com-
puter enthusiasts) compose at a terminal by
preference.
But most of those interviewed do not turn to
the computer to write a draft until after they have
gone through the "diagramming and scratching-
out phase." Others postpone their approach to
the computer even longer. Whether or not writers
compose on paper or at the terminal at this stage
in the writing process involves two considerations:
individual writing habits and computer avail-
ability. The habits include what hardware these
people have used in the past for composing, how
fast they think while writing, and how much dis-
order they can tolerate. Regarding hardware,
users say either they have always composed at a
keyboard - typewriter or terminal - or they have
always composed with pencil or pen.
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In the first group is Bill York, an MIT under-
graduate, who says he composed on a typewriter
until he was a freshman at MIT, but has since
written everything on the computer. "I never use
a typewriter unless nothing else is available, like
when 1 go home for vacations," he says. Jeff
Schiller, another MIT undergraduate, concurs: "I
was always a composer at the typewriter, so the
transition to computer was easy." As members of
the SIPB, both students meet many computer-
users who compose with pencil or pen. "They
did in the past, and they still do/' they observe.
In this category of yellow-pad composers is
Mary Phelan, a text processor at Harvard, who
uses the computer only for final drafts. "I hand-
write my drafts first," she says. "It's the way I've
always done it." She explains that for her, "There's
something about being able to touch the paper
that makes me feel more in touch with what I'm
writing. And I like to carry around what I've writ-
ten. You can't very well put a terminal in your
pocket and look at it on the subway." Another
writer, Fred Pickel, who characterizes himself as
a "cut-and-paste artist," puts off working at a
terminal until later in the composing process
because he likes to have all his work spread out
around him where he can see it. "The computer
limits your vision to one page at a time," he
points out.
Another personal reason for using a computer
during the writing stage is offered by Winder,
who finds that the computer, unlike a typewriter
or a pen, can keep up with his thoughts.
Tolerance for disorder is a final factor of per-
sonal composing style that enters into decisions
about using the computer for early drafts. Some
of those interviewed are discouraged by piles of
papers with mistakes, cross-outs, and arrows.
One touch of a computer's "Delete" key and such
impediments vanish.
Bailey, the Babson student-entrepreneur,
says, "I used to get very confused by all the ideas
going through my mind. I'd write them all down
in a series of drafts, and then I got confused seeing
too many ideas written down. But with a com-
puter, I keep typing at the keyboard, not making
corrections, thinking of the next sentence and not
worrying if I've said it correctly, knowing I can go
back and remove any sentence without making a
sloppy mess of the paper." Meltzer is also affected
by the appearance of what he writes: "It used to
be that when I wrote a sentence three times I had
a mess. The computer eliminates such eyesores."
There is also the cost and availability factor.
This is easy for the non-user to overlook, but it is
very important in practice. Fortunate in this regard
are computer owners, such as Bailey, who has
four terminals in her company office. Students at
colleges which supply free computer accounts for
M COMPUTIF May 1983
both computer-related courses and independent
projects, such as writing assignments, are also
lucky. Students who have to pay out-of-pocket
for computer time are sometimes cut off from a
desirable tool. "My budget isn't big enough to
use the terminal for anything but final drafts,"
says Pickel, an MIT doctoral student. As more
and more people become sophisticated in the use
Computers free writers
from retyping correct
sections of the paper
and allow them to
concentrate on rewriting
incorrect ones.
of computers and want to use them for indepen-
dent work, administrators of college computing
services foresee more fees and/or more restrictions
on use of college equipment.
Besides cost, location of terminals is another
consideration. As mentioned, some people write
drafts in longhand because they do not have com-
puters at home. Others avoid computers when
writing drafts because they can't concentrate in a
terminal center. These rooms may be filled with
50 machines and more than 30 people, especially
during rush times - such as the day before a big
paper is due, the late afternoon hours when
evening students arrive on campus anci day stu-
dents haven't yet gone home, and the end of the
term. At Harvard's Science Center, the terminal
room "gets very noisy and it's hard to think,"
math majors Bruce Molay and Jeff Tecosky point
out. Hilary Hodgson, working on her M. A. in
city and regional planning, adds that Harvard
students sometimes have to sign up 24-hours
ahead for a terminal. Of course, even alone in a
quiet room with a terminal all to oneself, a writer
may face interruptions in the form of messages
from other users flashing across the screen. This
is the situation at SIPB, whose members belong to
associations of users who keep each other posted
via the display screen on subjects of mutual
interest.
In every case, users agree that the day a per-
son plans to write a paper is not the day he should
learn how to operate the computer. Most problems
occur in simply getting the paper into the machine.
After that, the computer is generally an advantage
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Revising
After the writer has a first draft, most agree that a
computer is preferable (with a few minor draw-
backs) to typewriter or pen for the rest of the
composing process.
First, drawbacks. On a short paper, the effort
of getting into the machine - logging on and
creating a file with a list of specifications for for-
matting - isn't worth it, even with the revision
capabilities of the computer, according to two
Babson users. Also, the time lag between
keyboarding a revision and seeing it on screen -
sometimes as long as 30 seconds - is frustrating,
says Schiller. The lag, he explains, is due to time
sharing, or, as he jokes, "ITS" - incompatible
time sharing - where as many as 73 users may be
plugged into the same computer. "There's a lot of
competition for the attention of the machine,"
Pickel explains.
Another problem, when editing bv computer
is the time it takes for the cursor, or pointer, to
move to the characters on the screen that the user
wants to change. "My eye and a red pencil can
move faster," says Winder. He adds that seeing
only a screen's length of a story (120-150 words)
instead of the entire work is a handicap when he
wants to move around chunks of copy, and par-
ticularly when he is searching for a lead that may
be buried deep in the stoiy. Another drawback
occurs when a professor specifies the tvpe of paper
he wants students to use in an assignment, such
as bond with a certain rag content. To remove
from the computer standard paper with tractor
edges and feed in special paper is expensive and
time consuming.
(Editor's Note: Mercifulh/, tlicse dclni/s and
frusti'iilkvis do not apply to zvord proccfisiii^ on personal
coiiiptiters.j
In spite of these drawbacks, most users agree
that computers make their greatest contribution
during the revising stage: they free the writer
from retyping correct sections of a paper and allow
him or her to concentrate on rewriting incorrect
ones. "After you learn how to use the computer -
and there is a learning curve - it takes about one-
third the time to edit as it would by typewriter,
because with a computer, you retype only the
things you want to change," Schiller observes.
But he cautions that the computer is a "two-edged
sword" in this respect. While it allows a better
final product, it also creates demand for a better
final product. That is, as professors catch on to
the computer's abilities, "they may make you
revise small sections of a paper that earlier they
would have let pass."
66 COMPILE! May 1983
An added benefit of the computer during the
revising stage is noted by a group oi \ larvard users
who find that a computer is great for group work.
Each member can feed his or her revisions into
the machine, and then the group can request
multiple copies.
Furthermore, the computer allows relatively
fine strokes in the revising process. For example,
some programs have spelling glossaries which
store correct spellings of a few thousand words,
including specialized words the user might add.
The computer displays spellings in a composition
that deviate slightly from the words on this list
and displays correctly spelled alternatives that
the user may have intended. The user selects the
correct spelling, and the computer automatically
inserts this spelling throughout.
Evasion Of Displeasure
Another fine stroke is the computer's ability to
Ti'ord count. Mcltzer says he reviews his essays in
this way as a check on style. For example, in an
essay on Emily Dickinson, whose poetry he does
not like, he founci he often used phrases beginning
with "of" instead of possessive nouns. "It was an
evasion of displeasure," he concluded, since the
"of" construction was less direct.
While the computer can analyze text word
for word, as it does when it checks spelling or
word frequency, it cannot vet work at the level of
syntax. "So if your problem is Baroque sentence
structure, you're out of luck," says Love. But he's
cjuick to add that a group of MIT professors is
working on the application of computers to the
analysis of grammar.
Capping the triple ability of the computer in
the revising stage - it minimizes retyping, it's
good for group work, and it allows word for word
analysis - is the bonus that makes computer com-
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Srtiall Bu linen PrDvanU
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lAi$intu UHf.lnvant^ifY'''^^^*
!>vriina, rnail'HQ Im aiW much
n^ora.
OidarNo. 1S6 £14.00
EDfTOR/ASSBHBta
dONP
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COMING SOON!
ORDER rVOVIII
Lode m Tha hrium
tth YOU' ATaAJ
I (AUrolc^y »rid h^.w. tn
E do vow <?i*n riQ>u)tgOa
njhf ATArflWOI
rbdW-N^L 171 S9.9&
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_^'5»^'' rhythm Igr ATARI
ZZ' '' •T»CknJarNa.72itaS29.«
'":' i Birth nti'trotlKnaut
I Oqs'noj.CaM.ijrdiiV.
' Onkr-N9.7222S29.d5
No- 164
TTw p<w)rami from
txML No, It>4 on diU
lEnol' tnclitclvdl.
Ort«-No.71WJI2flOO
Pto^ami from Book
No. 1B7 on dlih [book
indudKiJ
Ordar No. 7221 £29:96
GUN'FIGHT
Thii i}iina (MCdt rvvo
^VEckJti. Anirruiioni
ioundComai on a
bootabkcanatta.
DrderNo. 7207(19.95
ATUAS
UaaQ-AH«mb(a! for
ATAni«0e'<8K. Oncol
Tha moiT iMw#*Iul editor MMTibttrt
on ma rruTha;. Veriaiil* adiior Mith
KTo!l>r>B Jp to 17k of M^^iu-codt. Vary
tnM. ironiUiM £k loucca-civto In aboui 5
lahondi Souica coda can b« tavad on disk
o5 ca^Mtlc.OncludnATUUNA-l].
DrdaiNo. 7099 cEtk vaiutm £83.00
Ordar-No. 7999 rartridga vcrnon fi12SJn
ATAS
Sama at ATM AS tHiT tvrrticut rnKTo-
capdbjlily CuuTle-tut^
OrdaiNo. TOSS ^K RAM f 4fi.95
0<i«> No. 7998 4eK RAM 849.95
Programfor
y ATMONA^
Thit If a n»cM
atf)u9;af| ttut ktt vou
aaptora itH ATARI RAM/
ROM >r«a Yo-j c«n no^ v {»*-
womlv ulectU aidrni. opcoda. or
vpUBnd. Alto very laiuBbCa In unde^
Rarrdind itie miCfDp'Dmwr Includes
ATMOfJAI.
Otriar-No. 7tH^ osvtta vwuan S43:»
0«thfNcL7D5a Aikwiiati £54.00
ATMONAl
A cour«rfur ri9dch4i>» lan^age monitar.
OiMiia^C>l«. (JUTtD (h»A and ASCill,
t^iTiifk fri«fiX>iY toonioir. block iranrlw,
tiir FTMino^Y blacfc. Mva end loadfTTBchtna-
laryi»9a progmtn. ran (KD^^m. Piintcr
DOtian via thrve diffeirni iniarlicrt
Drdar-No. 7072 cntftu varilan SlQ.95
Ordai ho. 7023 diik wn«m £24.95
Oidtf «». 7024 carDbd^n.uon 169.00
FORTH
(rofli Elcomp'
PubllihfniLtnc. ii in ex-
tardnl Figl^Dfth-vtMion, Editor
ftKi i;0 pacfcags indudad. Ublity
picica^e indtides dKomptliti, Mctor
core. HcK4tuRV (ASCIII. ATARI
F)Stfiandl)^ng. untl graphic vKI wuftd,
loyillck pfogram ar>d playti nunik.
Extramalv pmwrf id*
Or^l4«'-No.70SS diih £39:9&
Roaling poinl padkaga wiPi iri^oQ.
fTfllilc lu<tclioni(0-SQnl
Ordar<«lB. 7230 dnh £29.95
LMfn-FORTH irom Ekomp PubFt-
ihing. Inc.
A tUnCt trf Fig-Fonh tor the beg-tvHr.
On diik ia2K RAMI « on canvtla
tlARAm.
1>dar^lo. 7053 £ 19.96
.- *- {Ca^.-i»il
DnUf-No. 23D9
M«ilir>g Lilt
£4.95
£lfl-95
HatdfirvAODOhti
tor ATAfll
EPROM BOARD
■[C*H>«:
owo 4h EPflOMf
(25321. EPflOMi
noi incl^MM-
ll'^ - ^ 7043 £29.96
EPROM BOARD KIT
Same ai ahoM but tufc biHrd linJy wil^
Ordir-No. 7234 £14.95
Pnntar IntarTaca
Tfu» conjiFueficn anicM nuntt wvlth j>nn-
tM orctibt tid«rd f wftwara Vou can uia
Tha tPSOW oimtar wiitinui ih« ATARI
pfiniK ioi*(1#ar. (GinKpori 3 and 4).
Ofdar-No. 7211 819.9S
RS332 IntariK* Iv yodi ATARI 400/600
So'twSTD * connKfor * cwnstr aitida.
Or^.Na.S29l £19.35
EPROM BURNER for ATAfll 400/300
A'cfcl wilfi (pTFKpon. No addriinfijl
powei ujOf>4yCafn«4 comiil. aiMmOM
with lofitwaia 12TT6J/32JS33I.
Drdw-N4.7D42 £179.00
EPBOM BURNER for ATARI 4DO;»00 Kit
'Prirhtml circuit ticuird liKit. Mitlwara and
ej<itr™iw cofiitruciton anicFa
OtdBT'No 7292 £49.00
^1
Invenury
1 Conirol — Coii-
n-'eiclv rrwnu dii*tf(,
Order-No. 72T4 cau. £19.95
Ofrhf Ho. 72t5 dhk whan £?dS
irmhoa atrinng fw Small Bijun*H
Tfi-i» (so^vTi rrjkov -iMitlng invOicax
eaiv
Ordat-N*, 7201 oucrt* v*f tu>n £29.95
Ordat No. 7200 ink vwMon £39.95
ATAMENtO '- Th* ii Ifia dalu block vc^
ilwayi wanlad. Mtkn aMacthra itme
pljfmvjvMv*
OictofNo. 7390 iJitkortly £29.95
MtiliAi^
-" LHt - Th-i, menu
drnnn ■^a^t^m alicni
Uw RTUJI tkuttrtaii man |6
he«P uach of rttnlan *fid cajjtomtn.
YlWi C»f> warch (or a nima o< acldraif of
a oarraifl town iir for in odUrau vviih a
iOMTain n«i«' &0 Mffheuin w nut jnio
ona)(l«
Onter No. 7212 cawttt n<wMi £1995
Ord»-No. 7213 4A <^T»kw £2455
tfnonmt. II
iCrolljng.
artd figh!
ebrn(nW»di
OcdorNr*,
AT5XT-1
Thii wordprooacr
tian evcai;«ot buy Iw ^Kir
: faaiuTBs screen iviapiid edibflig.
tTiring sewch (avan r^ttttdl. Jefl
mars^n junjficjt.on Ow? 30
L Taxi can be uwd »n didk ot
7210 coMtwvMiion £29^
721B ibikvaraion £34,95
7217 cjrtridga vanion £59.00'
lai* >h« BIT3&0a)l cvciii avail
C»h !»9iilf for ATARI
dhlc onty (49^
1.7307
Deflector
FrankJ.Tyniw
You'll find that tlii^ giinic /s quitt' a brainlcascr.
Sfratcgicnlh/ placing yam Deflector and predicting n
bouncing ball's trojectory is no easy task. If you like
realtime strategy, Deflector's dynamically changing
play field will provide hours of challenging fun.
(Versions for the uncxpanded VIC, Atari 4001800, and
Apple II.)
This is an adaptation for the 5K or 8K VIC of Frud
Dunlap's Deflection program (frt)m Vol. 1,
Number 3, PET User Notes). The idea of the game
is simple. A ball bounces from side to side or from
top to bottom of the screen. Pressing the left arrow
key above the control key will print a slash in
front of the ball's path, deflecting it 90 degrees.
The FT key will print a backslash (\). Your goal is
to deflect the ball into the square targets, using as
few slashes as possible to achieve the highest
score.
Scoring is ten points for every block hit, minus
one point for every slash used and minus five
points for every slash on the screen if you hit the
panic button. The panic button is the British pound
sign {£). If you get too many slashes on the screen
or deflect yourself into a corner, hitting the panic
button will remove all slashes, subtract five points
per slash, and resume the game.
The subroutine at 63000 is a useful utility you
mav want to include in other programs. When
the program starts, it asks "adjust screen? (y/n)"-
The screen will switch to a black border and white
background, and color bars for fine tuning your
set. The cursor control keys will move the entire
screen up, down, left, or right to adjust for
your TV.
Press D when done adjusting, and the pro-
gram asks if you want instructions. Then it will
ask for number of targets. The program then will
select random screen locations for the targets (160-
200). Lines 700-990 handle the score display and
rerun lines. Lines 4300-6210 are the sound rou-
tines. This program works on the unexpanded VIC
or with the 3K cartridge suggested modifications.
Instead of a block for a target, you could use
programmable character functions. The targets
could be germs or political symbols, or instead of
a ball you could use up, down, left, and right
darts, arrows, anything.
66 COMPUTE! Uav)963
A typical game of "Deflector," VIC version. (Other versions
use similar character graphics.)
Program 1:vic version
10 PRINT" (CLEArI ":TR=208:J=3:BC«36879:VO=
BC-1 : S4=BC-2 : S3=BC-3 : S2=BC-4 : Sl=BC-5
20 GOSUB63000:POKEBC,93:V=15
122 PRINT" {down} INSTRUCTIONS? (Y/N)
123 GETV$:IFV$=""THEN123
125 IFVS="Y"THENGOSUB1000
130 PRINT" {clear} "CHR$ (142)
140 K=0:T=0:CL=5
142 INPUT" {down} HOW MANY TARGETS" ; J :J=ABS(
J)
144 IFJ>506THENPRINT"TDO MANYl " : G0T0142
146 IFJ<10ORJ>200THENPRINT"{DOWN}BRAVE, AR
EN'T YOU?"
155 FORI=1TO1000:NEXT SPRINT" {clear j ":GOSUB
7000
157 SS=7680:SR=38400
160 FORI=lTOJ
170 A=INT{506*RND(1) )
180 IFPEEK(SS+A)=TRTHEN170
185 POKES2,0:POKES3,0
190 POKESS+A,TR:POKESR+A,6;GOSUB4300
200 NEXT I
205 POKES2,0:POKES3,0
210 A=INT(506*RND(1) )
2 30 U=A+SS
240 DI=1:IFRND{1) >. 5THENDI=-1
300 GETX?
310 IFX$<> ""THEN600
3 20 NE=U+DI
330 IFABS(DI)=1THEN430
340 IFDI>0THEN380
350 IFNE<SSTHENDI=-DI :GOSUB6000:GOTO320
3 55 A=NE
360 IFPEEK(A)=77THENDI=-1 :NE=NE-1
370 IFPEEK(A)=7aTHENDI=l:NE=NE+l
375 GQTO530
\)S@W
Z^ra K]/5\^B lA P
o^PTO
/A\(g^D(o)[;^
FROGGER™ - The popular
coin-op comes homel Action
so fast and graphics so brilliant,
you'll swear you're at an arcade!
$34.95
JAWBREAKER" - No more Stale mazes!
They're for mice and other pests!
Everything moves in a flurry of color
even the walls! $34.95 cartridge
3i'^
CROSSFIRE™ - Attacking aliens sun-ound
you in a game of speed and accuracy! An
ever-dwindling supply of ammunition Is
your only defense! $34.95 cartridge
These smash hits on other computers are now available for the Commodore 64!
And it's just a start. The best! The brightest! The fastest! That's our promise. Get
your Frogger, Crossfire or Jawbreaker from your local dealer or order directly from
Sierra On-Line, Inc., Sierra On-Line Building, Coarsegold, Calif. 93614 (209) 683-6858.
ADD ONE DOLLAR FOR SHIPPING
MASTERCARD • CHECK • COD ACCEPTED
SiERRJVi^mL
\Siema
SIERRAVISION IS A TRADEMARK OF SIERRA ON-LINE, IMC.
lOGGER IS A TRADEMARK OF SEGA ENTERPRISES, INC, JAWBREAKER IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF SIERRA ON-LINE, INC. CROSSFIRE IS A TRADEMARK OF SIERRA ONLINE. INC.
380 IFNE>SS+506THENDI=-DI:GOSUB6000:GOTO32 0
390 A=NE
400 IFPEEK(A)=77THENDI=1:NE=NE+1
410 IFPEEK(A)=78THENDI=-1:NE=NE-1
420 GOTO530
430 IFDI>0THEN490
440 IPNE-22*INTCNE/22}=1THENDI=-DI:G0SUB62
00:GOTO320
4 50 A=NE
460 IFPEEK(a)=77THENDI=-22:NE=NE+DI
470 IFPEEK(A)=78THENDI=22:NE=NE+DI
480 GOTO530
490 IFNE-22*IKT(NE/22)=2THENDr=-DI:GOSUB62
00:GOTO320
500 A=NE
510 IFPEEK(A)=77THENDI=22:NE=NE+DI
5 20 IFPEEK(A)=78THENDI=-22:NE=NE+DI
5 30 P0KEU,32
540 IFPEEK(NE)=32THENP0KENE,81 :U=NE:GOTO30
0
550 IFPEEK (NE)=TRTHENK=K+1 :SC=SC+10
552 IFPEEK(NE)=TRTHENGOSUB5000
5 55 POKENE ,170: U=NE • F0RI=1T025 : NEXT
560 IFK=JTHEN700
5 70 GOTO300
600 IFX? = "i-"THENA=78:GOTO630
610 IFX?= " [F1 1 "THENA=7 7 : G0T06 30
615 IFX?="£"THENGOSUB2000
616 IFX5="Q"THEN990
620 GOTO320
625 GOSUB4600
6 30 IFPEEK (U+DI ) =32THENPOKEU+DI , A: SL=SL+1 :
SC=SC-1
640 GOTO300
700 REM
712 PRIST" (clear! ":POKEBC, 125
715 IFSC>HSTHENHS=SC: PRINT" {rev} NEW ";
716 PRINT"HIGH SCORE: "HS"ElEFT) "
720 PRINT" [down} IT T00K"SL"SLASHES
730 PRINT" (DOWnItO HIT" J "TARGETS"
905 PRINT" (down} YOUR SCORE" ;SC
910 PRINT" (02 D0WN}TRY AGAIN? (Y OR N) "
920 GETW? :IFW$=""THEN920
925 IFW?="N"THEN990
926 SL=0:SC=0
930 PRINT:PRINT"HOW MANY TARGETS" ;: INPUTJ
940 J=ABS(INT(J) )
960 PRINT" [clear] ":POKEBC,93:GOSUB7000:K=0
:T=0:GOTO155
990 PRINT" (clear) ":P0KEBC,27:END
1000 PRINT" [clear]"
1010 PRINTCHR$ (14); " THE OBJECT OF THIS
1015 PRINT"
1020 PRINT"
down] GAME IS TO DEFLECT THE
DOWN] [UP]BALL into THE BOXES BY
1025 PRINT" [down] (UP]USING _ AND Fl KEYS
1030 PRINT" (down] TO PRINT DIAGONALS IN
1035 PRINT" [down] ITS PATH. I_F YOU GET
1040 PRINT" (D0WN}STUCK IN A LOOP USE
1045 PRINT" (DOVrtj] THE \ KEY AS A PANIC
1050 PRINT" {dOWN}bUTTON.
1085 print" (03 D0WN}HIT ANY KEY...
1090 GETB$:IFB$=""THEN1090
1100 PRINT" (clear) {D0WN}SC0RING IS 10 POINT
S
1110 PRINT" [DOWnJpER BLOCK HIT, ONE
1120 PRINT" [DOWNJpOINT SUBTRACTED FOR
1130 PRINT" [down] EVERY SLASH YOU LAY,
1140 PRINT'- [down] AND -5 FOR EVERY SLASH
1150 PRINT"ON THE SCREEN IF YOU
1160 PRINT" (DOWn)HIT THE PANIC BUTTON.
1170 PRINT"{04 D0WN}HIT ANY KEY TO START.."
1180 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN1180
1190 RETURN
2000 FORI=SSTOSS+506
2010 IFPEEKCI ) <>77ANDPEEK(I) <>7BTHEN2030
2020 GOSUB4300 : P0KES2 , 0 : POKESS , 0 : SC=SC-5 : PO
KEI,32
2030 NEXTI
2040 RETURN
4300 SO=INT(RND(1)*100)+129
4310 P0KEV0,V:POKES3,S0:P0KES2
; RETURN
; FORS=128TO250STEP10
, S0:F0KT1=1T0
:POKES4,0: RETURN
:POKES3,2 50:FORII=1TO25:HEXTII
:POKEVO,0: RETURN
: P0KES3, 245: FORI I=1T025: NEXTI I
;POKEVO,0
:H=PEEKC368
3 5:NEXTTl;
5000 POKEVO.V;
5010 POKES4,S
5020 NEXTS
5030 POKEVO,0:1
6000 POKEVO.V :I
:POKES3,0:I
6 200 POKEVO.V :I
:POKES3,0:I
6210 RETURN
7000 FORI=38400TO38905:POKEI,6 :NEXT: RETURN
63000 REM SCREEN ADJUSTMENT
63010 POKE36879, 24:PRINT" [CLEAR} '
64) :V=PEEKC36865)
63020 PRINT"ADJUST SCREEN? (Y/n)"
63030 GETA? :IFA$=""THEN63030
63040 IFA$="Y"GOTO63060
63050 PRINT" (clear) (bLK] "; : RETURN
63060 PRINT" (02 D0WN}USE THE CRSR KEYS TO
63070 PRINT" [down] MOVE SCREEN AND THE
63080 PRINT" [DOWnJlETTER D WHEN DONE[02
down]
63081 PRINT" [rev] {red} RED "
63082 PRINT" [rev) (CYN}CYAN
63083 PRINT" (rev) {PUR]pURPLE
63084 PRINT" (rev) {GRN)GREEN
63085 PRINT" {rev} {BLU}BLUE
PRINT" (rev) [YEL)YELL0W
GETA5 : IFA?!^" "THEN63090
IFA5="D"THENPRINT" (clear) [BLK] "; :RETUR
63086
63090
63100
N
63110
63120
63130
63140
IFA$="[UP} "THENV=V-1:IFV<0THENV=0
IFA5="{D0WN} "THENV=V+1 sIFV>40THENV=40
IFA$="{lEFT) "THENH=H-l:IFH<aTHENH=0
IFA$="{ right] "THENH=H+1:IFH>17THENH=17
63150 POKE36864,H:POKE36865,ViGOTO63090
Notes On The Atari
And Apple Versions
For the Atari, use the two keys with slashes
on them (the plus key and the question mark)
to place your slashes. The ball will deflect at
a 90 degree angle. When the game begins,
you should hold down [SELECT] and the
screen will start to fill with targets. Let go
when you think you have enough.
For the Apple, enter the number of
targets you want to play with. Very few or
very many targets makes for a difficult game.
Use the left and right arrow keys to lay down
slashes.
For either the Atari or Apple, use the
ESCape key as the panic button if your ball
gets trapped.
70 COMPtlll! Moy19a3
HAVE you FLOWK
\
^>'
''^i
pavement, your pulse quickens, you're
down, but watch it, you're pulling
risht! Brakes, brakes! Left more!
You've stopped safely! Good job.
t The first real-time flight simulator
\, for ATARI is nov^ available from
L\ AAMG Micro Software. Written en-
.■i\ tirely in machine language,
:; \ there are four levels of difficulty,
\ landings in clear or foggy
^ \ weather, landings with or with-
\ out instruments, and with or
\ without the real-time view
"A from the cockpit. Final
\ Flight! requires Atari
A 400/800, 24K, 1 joy stick,
l.\ and is offered on tape or
\ disk for the same sug-
\ gested retail price
\ of S29.95.
'■§^
^^i*Qy;:
vm^
Imagine \
yourself \ ^/
at the con- \ t '
trols of a \ '-'" ^
small, single- \
engine plane, \
10,000 feet in \
the air, on your \
approach to the \
runway and safe- \
ty. You're running \
low on fuel, but \
your instruments \
show that you're on \
the glide path, and \
lined up with the run- \
way. It's a beautiful, sun- \
ny day, and you can see \
the airport in the distance, \
across the grassy fields. But \ „^.
the crosswind is tricky, and it \ "X'
will take all your skill to land \ .-
safely. You're coming down V /
now, and the runway is getting \\
closer. A bit left, OK, now lower V
the power, fine, now put down the >
flaps. Pull the nose up a bit more,
you're a little low. Watch the power!
Don't stall. OK. Here comes the
runway. You hear the squeal of tires on
Y<
%\-
;*.
v..
\j
Final
Flight!
is available at
your local dealer or direct
from MMG Micro Software. Just
send check or money order to P.O. Box
131, Marlboro, N.J. 07746 or for Mastercard,
Visa, and C.O.D. deliveries call (201)431-3472. Please
add $3.00 for postage and handling. New Jersey residents add
OTb sales tax. Atarii5areai5tHBdtfadcm«tnfAt8fi lni-_
Program 2: Atari Version
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
175
177
180
190
200
210
215
220
230
500
505
510
520
521
522
530
600
610
620
6 30
640
645
650
660
670
700
REM
fTT=li<^5f.*<.]:0:trf:1:Ht'J^:;--»<ii:
GRAPHICS 1:P0KE 756 , 226 : SE TCOLDR
4, 16*RND (0) , 12: POKE 7 08, PEEK! (71
2>
LEFT=7: RIGHT=6: POKE 752,1:? "
<:tab: <:down3 PRESS bi^w^^i for targ
ETS" ;
BALL= 1 48: TARGET=192: COLOR TARGET
IF PEEK (5327V) =5 THEN RX=INT<12*
RND(0)+4):RY=INT(15*RND(0)+4):LD
CATE RX,RY,Z:IF 2=32 THEN PLOT R
X , RY: NUM=NUM+i
IF PEEK (53279) <>6 THEN 140
VX=0: VY=1 : BX=9: BY=1 1 : GRAPHICS 17
+32:PDKE 756 , 226 : SETCDLOR 4,16*R
ND (0) , 12: POKE 708 , PEEK < 7 1 2 )
IF BX;2 OR BX>18 OR BY<2 OR BY>2
2 THEN VX=-VX: VY=-VY: BX=BX+VX : BY
=BY+VY
LOCATE BX, BY, OLD: IF OLD=32 THEN
COLOR BALL:PLOT BX,BY
IF OLD=TARGET THEN NB X=B X : NBY=B Y
:GOTO 600
NBX = BX+VX; NBY = BY + VY; IF PEEK(764)
=28 THEN GDSUB 3000
LOCATE NBX,NBY,Z:IF Z=32 AND PEE
K(764)<255 THEN 500
IF Z=32 THEN GDSUB 700 : B X=NB X : BY
=NBY:GOTO 170
IF PEEK(764)=2B THEN GQSUB 3000
IF Z=LEFT THEN 1000
IF Z=RIGHT THEN 2000
IF Z=TARBET THEN COLOR 32:PLCT N
BX,NBY:GOTO 600
REM MAKE A SLASH!
IF PEEK (764) <>6 AND PEEK ( 764 )<>3
8 OR BX<2 OR BX>13 OR BY<2 OR BY
>22 THEN 170
IF PEEK(764)=6 THEN COLOR LEFTjT
=VY: VY=VX: VX=T
IF PEEK(764)=38 THEN COLOR RIGHT
:T=VY:VY=-VX:VX=-T
POKE 764, 255: LOCATE BX,BY,Z:IF Z
=TARGET THEN 600
IF Z=LEFT OR Z=RIGHT THEN 210
PLOT BX , BY: BX=BX+VX: BY=BY+VY: SL=
SL+l:LOCATE BX,BY,Z:IF Z=TARGET
THEN 600
GOTO 170
COLOR 32:PL0T BX , B Y : H I T=H I T+ 1 : FO
R W=15 TO 0 STEP -1:S0UND 0,W
,W:NEXT W:Z=32:IF HITCNUM THE
00
GRAPHICS 2+16: POSITION 5,0:?
■■ HTd^DnHi;" : ? #6:? #6
■^ *6:"'C3 SPACES>tarqets " ; NUM
«6
#6;
iZ SPACES>targets
<:3 SPACES>gEH3I^
; SL ;
70;
■^ #6; "{4 SPACES>aHiia= ";INT(N
100/SL) -ESC: ? #6
IF ESC THEN "^ #6;" -penalty
SC
? #6:-:' «6; " PRESS l:3=fcilJ:}:"
IF PEEK (764 ) < >1 2 THEN 660
POKE 764,255: RUN
LOCATE BX,&Y,Z:IF Z=TARGET TH
600
IF Z<>LEFT AND Z<>RIGHT THEN
0
7 10 R
1000
10 10
10 20
1025
1030
2000
2010
2020
2025
20 30
3000
3010
3020
3030
R 32: PL
ETURN
OTD 999
FOR W=l
0, 10, W:
T=VY: VY
X+VX: BY
LOCATE
IGHT TH
IF Z=TA
GOTO 17
FOR W=l
0, 10, W:
T=VY: VY
NBX+VX :
LOCATE
IGHT TH
IF Z=TA
GOTO 17
P=PEEK (
-0. 5: Z=
OKE 712
W
SCR=PEE
= 0 TO 4
R+I , 159
POKE SC
=1 ) : NEX
POKE 70
255: ESC
DT BX.BY
4 TO 0 STEP -2: SOUND
SOUND 1 , 34, 10, W: NEXT
=VX : VX=T: GOSUB 700:B
=NBY+VY
BX,BY,Z:IF Z=LEFT OR
EN 210
RBET THEN 600
0
4 TO 0 STEP -2: SOUND
SOUND 1 , 24, 10, W: NEXT
=-VX : VX=-T: GOSUB 700
BY=NBY+VY
BX,BY,Z:IF Z=LEFT OR
EN 210
RGET THEN 600
0
712) : FOR W=15 TO 0 S
PEEK (53770) : POKE 70B
,Z:SOUND 0,100,0,W:N
0, 3
X = NB
Z = R
0,2
M
■ BX =
Z = R
K (88) +256* PEEK (89) : F
79: A=PEEK <SCR+I ) : PDK
R+I,A»(A<70 OR A>71
T I:POKE SCR+I-2,0
8,P:POKE 712,P:PDKE
=ESC+1 : RETURN
TEP
,Z:P
EXT
OR I
E SC
OR A
764,
Program 3: Apple ll version
REM APPLE DEFLECTOR
TEXT I HOME
DIM XL7.<23)i FOR I = 0 TO 7iZ = 12
B » IiXL7.(I) = Z + 1024iXL7.(I + 8)
= Z + l(964iXL%(I + 16) = Z + 1104
! NEXT
DEF FN A(V) = XLy.(BY) + BXi DEF FN
P(V) = PEEK ( FN A(0))
120 LEFT = 1561 RIGHT = 175i INPUT "HOW
MANY TARGETS? ( 1-720) i " | A*iNUM = ABS
( INT ( VAL (A«)>)
125 IF NUM < 1 OR NUM > 720 THEN RUN
100
110
lis
117
130
135
140
145
, 12
N 2
150
160
16S
#6;
170
. 1
175
? »
177
UM*
180
";E
190
200
210
EN
215
COL
220
BALL = 174s TG = ASC ("•">
HOME
FDR I = 1 TO NUM
BX = INT (35 » RND (1)) + SsBY
INT (19 « RND (1)) +3
IF FN P(V) < > 160 THEN 145
POKE FN A(V),TEi NEXT
VX = 0tVY = - IsBX = 19iBY =
IF BX < 2 OR BX > 38 OR BY <
BY > 22 THEN VX = - VXsVY =
;BX = BX + VXsBY = BY + VY
IF FN P(V) = 160 THEN POKE
(V),BALL
IF FN P(V) = TB THEN NX = BXsNY =
BY I SOTO 600
NX = BX + VXiNY = BY + VYsZ = PEEK
(XLy.(NY) + NX)
IF Z = 160 AND PEEK ( - 16384) >
128 THEN 500
IF Z = 160 THEN GDSUB 700; BX = NX
:BY = NYe GOTO 170
IF PEEK ( - 16384) = 155 THEN BDSUB
3000
IF Z = LEFT THEN 1000
IF Z = RIGHT THEN 2000
11
2 OR
- VY
FN A
7? COMPUTi! May 1983
KS OF DATA BUT WILL WORK
ON YOUR 1-DRIVE MICROCOMPUTER
ARTCOPVRIGHT
19S1 BAyNIOND BAYLESS
APPLE
AND
TRS-80
TEXT-ONLY VERSION
^34,95
ATARI
VERSION
WITH FULL
COLOR GRAPHICS
^39.95
dventnr6
INTERNATIONAL
A DIVISION OF SCOTT ADAUS. INC.
|L*iJ^^i
BTDHI VAT -nOUJI
bridge •vsr » •malt iMyan.
chflHcr llNt. ?«« i»r p*r »h« trail l«
<F«u th« brrdfl* 11 Irvaiw* friM
^J
NOW AVAILABLE FROM YOUR LOCAL DEALER OR DISTRIBUTOR
OR ORDER TOLL FREE (800) 327-7172 OR
BY fyiAIL FROM ADVENTURE INTERNATIONAL • BOX 3435 • LONGWOOD, FL 32750
230
500
S05
510
520
521
522
525
530
600
610
615
620
630
640
IF Z = TG THEN POKE XL7.(NY)
160: GOTO 600
REM MAKE A SLASH!
A = PEEK ( - 16384) -
NX,
12B:
B AND A
POKE -
< > 21
16368,0: IF A <
OR BX < 2 OR BX
BY > 22 THEN 170
IF A = a THEN CH = LEFTiT = VY:VY =
VXsVX = T
IF A = 21 THEN CH
Y = - VXsVX = - T
IF FN P(V) = TB THEN 600
IF ( FN P(V) = LEFT) OR (
RIGHT) THEN 210
POKE FN A<V),CH:BX = BX
38 OR BY < 2 OR
RIGHT: T = VY: V
FN PCV) =
+ VX:BY =
IF FN P(V) =
BY + VY:SL = SL +
TG THEN 600
GOTO 170
POKE FN ft(V),160:HIT = HIT + 1:Z =
160: IF HIT < NUM THEN 200
HOME : FLASH : FOR I = 1 TO 24i PRINT
TAB< 39): PRINT : NEXT
VTAB 3j INVERSE : PRINT TAB( 15);
"GAME OVER"; TAB( S?) : PRINT : PRINT
PRINT i PRINT : PRINT TAB< 6) ; "TA
R6ETS "jNUMi TAB< 3<?) i PRINT
PRINT : PRINT : PRINT TAB< 6) ; "SL
ASHES ";SLi TAB ( 39): PRINT
PRINT : PRINT TAB ( 8)5: NORMAL : PRINT
"SCORE "5 INT (NUM « 100 / SL) ~ E
SC;: INVERSE : PRINT TAB ( 39): PRINT
650 IF ESC THEN PRINT : PRINT TAB ( 5
); "-PENALTY "jESC; TAB ( 39): PRINT
: PRINT
660 PRINT ; PRINT : PRINT : PRINT TAB (
13) 5 "PRESS ";: NORMAL : PRINT "RET
URN"i! NORMAL : INVERSE : PRINT TAB C
38) ; : SET A«: NORMAL
RUN
= FN P<V): IF Z = TG THEN 600
IF (Z < > LEFT) AND (Z < > RIGHT
) THEN POKE FN ACV),160
RETURN
GOTO 999
T = VY:VY = VX:VX = T:
X = NX + VX:BY = NY
2 = FN P(V) : IF (Z
RIGHT) THEN 210
IF Z = TG THEN 600
GOTO 170
T = VY:VY = - VX:VX = - T; GOSUB
700:BX = NX + VX:BY = NY + W
670
700 Z
705
710
999
1000
1010
1020
1030
2000
2020
2030
3000
3010
3020
3030
GOSUB 700 :B
+ VY
= LEFT) OR <Z =
Z = FN PCV) I IF
RIGHT) THEN 210
GOTO 170
FOR I = 0 TO 23:
CZ = LEFT) OR (Z =
FOR J = 0 TO 39
P = XLV.(I) + JiA = PEEK CP): POKE
P,159
IF <A •= LEFT) OR
A - BALL) THEN A •
POKE P,Ai NEXT
li RETURN
<A = RIGHT) OR (
- 160
NEXT I ESC = ESC h
COMPUTE!
The Resource,
THIS FUNNY-LOOKING LITTLE DEVICE
Introducing the Disc-Doublerf the funny-looking amazing little
device that actually doublesyow "floppy disc"*capabilitiesl Just put
a floppy disc in and it'.s re-aligned for use on its "flip side." It's
that simple! And at just S9.95 (plus ^1.50 for postage and handling)
itil pay for itself the minute you use it! From Link Marketing,
where we looked at the problem from both sides... and
found a way to save you money!
CAN DOUBLE
YOUR DISC
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Just $9,951
(plus $1.50 postage and handling- B.C. residents add 6% tax)
IN CANADA:
Call 1-800-268-6364
B.C 112-800-268-6364
or write: Unk ^Aarl<eting
Suite 1500-1176 W. Georgia SL Vancouver, B.C V6E 4A2
IN THE U.S.:
1-800-323-1717 operator 515
Illinois 1-800-942-8881, operator 515
or write: Unk Marketing
219-lst Ave. N, Suite 215, Seattle, WA 98109
74 COMPUTE! MoyW83
1^
You're the pilot of The
Eliminator, a space fighter
of the Defender Class. Your
ship can respond with
lightning speed, and it's
armed, to the teeth with
awesonne firepower.
But you're outnumbered!
And your attackers are^
relfhtless. Your onlj
options are victory or aj^
grave in space. ^^^
FEATURING
SPECTACULAR
GRAPHIQ^
"THE BEST ARCMJE-TYPE^GAME K.
I'VE SEEN
POWER!" 4r\.i
DNNELL,
lES ELIMINATOR
, L^CAN'T STOP
FOp SHEER
"'**YING!"
PATH
ARCAOi
RSON.
N'DEBSON .
tl VERSION BY STf VEfCOLEMAN
0 VERSION BY w1yN£ WESTMORELAND & TERRY GILMAN
;' -^ INTERNATIONAL "■
^^ A DIVISION OF SCOTT ADAMS, INC. ATARI ■ ;
•• • BOX 3435, LONGWOOD FL 32750 TRS-80 •
/ i (305) 862-6917 (QUESTIONS) ype on
QPPEFI FROM YOUR FAVORITE DEALER HU-MU -
or CALL-T/dCJL FREE (S00» 327-7172 (ORDERS ONLY PLEASE)
■SHIPPING** HANDLING AflE-.EXTRA. PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
WRITE FOB OUR FREE 150 PROGRAM CATALOG
».»r^l-16KTAPE
ATARI ■ 32K DISK
TRS-80 -IfiK TAPE MOl
TRS-80 - 32K DISK MO^L 1 OR 3
0420134
$29.95
050-0134
$24.95
052-0134
$24.95
010 0134
$19.95
012-0134
$24.95
ART ' 1981 •
DON DIXON
CROSSWORDS
Williom Loercher
This program will construct crossword puzzles for you
on a VIC, TI, PETICBM, Atari, or Apple. There is an
option to have a printed copy made of the final puzzle.
If you've ever tried to make your own crossword
puzzles, you know the procedure is very time-
consuming. I have designed crossword puzzles
for my students in chemistry and have spent many
hours toiling over fitting the correct words in their
correct spaces. Procedures such as these are ideally
suited for the microcomputer. This program can
be run on either the 40- or 80-column PET. As
written, the program will run on the 40-column
screen. By deleting lines 100 and 110 and removing
the word "REM" in lines 130 and 140, you can
run the program on the 80-column PET.
About The Program
Lines 180-450 may be deleted if necessary since
they only put a unique title on the screen.
Line 460 asks for the number of words you
want to use in the puzzle. Using the maximum
number makes a better puzzle, but it requires
more time to complete.
Line 470 asks for the number of vertical words
to be placed at random on the screen. These words
are placed so that none are next to each other or
on the outer border. An asterisk precedes and
ends each word.
Line 480 asks if you want the results printed,
assuming you have a printer. If not, you can copy
the results by hand.
Line 490 dimensions the words into an array
of words and an array of lengths of words. The
number of words you choose to place in your
"dictionary" beginning at line 2000 is limited only
by computer memory.
Lines 510-520 print on the screen 23 rows of
39 blocks to be used as the test field.
Lines 530-610 test the field for proper posi-
tions and print the vertical words.
Lines 620-890 test the field for horizontal
words and POKE them on the screen if the proper
conditions are met.
Lines 920-970 enable the printer to make a
copy of the puzzle as it appears on the screen.
Lines 980-990 are the subroutine for choosing
a random screen position.
Moywaa
Line 1000 is a time delay for the title program.
Lines 1020-1030 are used to choose a random
word from the array to be displayed on the
screen.
See Program 6 for the DATA statements to be
added to the program.
Lines 2010-2110 are the DATA statements
containing the words used in the puzzle. If you
want, you could substitute your own words for
mine.
Suggested Improvements
After completing the program, 1 thought of other
ways to improve it. First, after all 23 rows are tested
(Z = 23), you could write another section to the
main program that tests the columns for word
fits. This should result in a better puzzle.
Second, you could keep track of the words
that fit a given location in another array and
then choose the longest word from that list. If
any of you come up with something interesting,
write me.
If you do not like typing your own programs,
I will send you a taped copy of the PET version
only. Send $3, a cassette tape, and an SASE
mailer to:
WiUinm Loercher
314 W. High St.
Manheim, PA 17545
A puzzle takes shape in the Apple version of "Crosswords."
(Other versions similar).
PET/CBM/COMMODORE 64
I^perOip
Professional Word Processor at a Breakthrough Price
PaperClip'" performs all the advanced
features found in Word Processors costing
much more. . .
1) Full screen editing. 2) Copy/Transfer
sentences and paragraphs. 3) Insert/
Delete sentences and paragraphs.
4) Headers/Footers/Automatic page
numbehng. 5) Justification/Centering.
6) User defineable keyphrases.
7) Supports both cassette and disk.
8) Variable data - Form letters.
9) Horizontal scrolling up to
126 characters.
10) Insert/transfer/erase
Also available for Commodore 64
Requires
Basic 4.0, 32K memory.
n2S9P
Dealer enquiries welcome
BfiTTERiES
inCLUOED
71 McCaul Street
Toronto, Ontario
Canada M5T 2X1
(416)596-1405
columns of numbers. 1 1) Add/subtract
columns of numbers. 12) Supports most
dot matrix and letter quality printers. In fact,
a printer set-up routine is supplied to
take the best advantage of the printer at
hand. 13) French and Math technical
character sets
available.
''Look what my new
letsmedowith
Here's what you get with the complete
Alphacom printer project set.
■ Fast, quiet 40-column Alphacom VP42 printer, which
includes the full Commodore graphics set.
■ 5 great software programs. A real 40-column Word Processor,
graphics Sfcetc/i Pad, beautiful Kaleidoscope program,
useful Record Keeper, and a general purpose Screen Printer.
■ Compute Magazine's F/rst Book of WC, full of fascinating
step-by-step VIC 20 computer adventures.
■ All the cables, printer paper, and easy-to-follow instructions
you need to begin enjoying your Alphacom VP42 as soon as
you open the box.
Get the complete Alphacom Printer Set for just $209.95
(suggested list). Call toll free for the name of your nearest
dealer: 800/538-7047 anywhere in the USA (except
California: 408/559-8000). If there is no convenient
dealer, you may order direct from Alphacom.
Same day shipment with MasterCard, VISA,
or American Express card.
Alphaconf printer set
my VIC 20..r
Book
ni;t. ora DO OK r.efi-or
ba Joe Grimes
■• I^ Claudius
Dr - PobeTv Graces
Back in ths old ciays of
Enip-ir-e the cruel Eiriper-or Ca
riiurdered and a new leader.,
ijias chosen by the Praetoria
'The Romans had rather odd
orcter- in those days./ The P
Guard thougt thea had chose
sirippleton and weak 1 inoj who
easily manipul atgrj to the G
(lur poses .
Much to everyone's =u
Claudius lasted for oyer a
and turned out to be a wise
nioderate leader. Robert Gra
I- Claudius describes the E
lire kcfore he ascended the
Write and print my letters,
j-iomework — just about anything.
With Worcf Processor software that
comes with the printer.
■;CCRE 50^470 HIGH SCORE
^
m *
Create my own custom computer
games. The printer set includes the
new First Book of VIC: it's full of
great game Ideas.
; ="M*vlC SQUIGC
LE«
; FEM*FRCiM VIC 1
001
US
ER ' S
7 FEM*TYPED. hMO
DEBUGQ
ED BY
' C:s=" BiaSkJE^
? PRIMT-Z;"
Iv DRTA- i-,"-",. ■
L"
f r ?
£C- DHTftl,0,5,6
3-;- DHTftS? 1,4^,3
40 DATA3,b,H>8
50 ['ATA4, 5,0,2
60 iai>lA$^5),B>;5,
5)
70 '^ORI=0TO5
SO REHDA$a>
90 NEKT
100 F0i?I = lT04
110 FnRj=lT04
iiS REhDB<.J,1>
17C-! NEXT
140 NEXT
190 Tl=l
200 T£=l
- - L = -■ 51
Learn to write my own VIC 20
applications. With hard copy
program listings that help me
debug my programs.
4 i4^+T-^4^>w*X-^i">4--i-X"XC>C'S
*-*»+ •Cx:i;<>::4H-4'^M~H-'>:: a"CC#**
?♦ ♦##oDx>:-i-i-*4-4-:: :;";■:: L
*-**«
Show off my computer graphics
creations. Software includes
Kaleidoscope and Sketch Pad
graphics programs.
IHE^-EE BERRY PIE
Incfrecsienr. s
2 Pk: <3 oz. ea,> crearn
l-'3 cup powder eci su-i-ar
1-3 cup sour creaFii
d tsp -sirated orsn^ie pee
BafcecJ 9- inch pie shell
d - 3 CUPS whole fresh
strswRierries-'raspfcerr-i e
1 ■■£ cup strawberr-H.-'rasp
t-T&sifveSf sie'-'eci
icften cheese. Beat :n 5
sour crearii and oran*ie peel,
if! pie shell. Top uith foeri
Keep the family's favorite recipes
on a VIC 20 cassette. Now Mom
can't pretend that she lost the
recipe for cheeseberry pie.
fllphacom
2323 South Bascom Avenue
Campbell, CA 95008
C1982Alphacom. Inc. All rpghts reserved.
Commodore" and VIC 20" are registered trademarks of Commodore Business
Machines. Inc. Alphacom. Inc. Is not related to Comniodore Business Machines,
Inc. Offer void where prohibited, taxed, or restricted by law. .
TM
Program 1: pet/cbm version
(40 or 80 Column Screen)
100 EA=33767:X1=40:A=B:A2=16:F1=15;F2=25:L
W=33569:OP=33224:WL=3 33 74
110 A7=I000;B1=20
120 REM LINES 100,110 ARE FOR 40-COLUMN PE
T
130 REM EA=34767:Xl=a0:A=31 :A2=39:F1=30:F2
=50:LW=34369:OP=33687:WL=33997
140 REM A7=2000:B1=0
150 REM LINES 120,130 ARE FOR 80-COLUMN PE
T
160 POKE 59468, i2:PRINT CHR$ ( 142 ) : X=RND( -T
I)
170 PRINT" {clear} "
180 FOflX=lTOXl-l:POKE32768+X,ASC( "*"):NEXT
X
190 F0RX=1T025 : F0RY=lT0XlSTEPXl-2 : POKE3276
8+Xl*X+Y,ASC( "*"):NEXTY,X
200 F0RX=2T0X1-1:P0KE(EA-X1+X),ASC( "*"):NE
XTX
210 GOTO260
220 F0RB=1T0A: PRINT" {home! {20 D0Wn3"SPC(b)
" "A$:NEXTB:P0KE LW,ASC("*")
230 FORC=1TO10:PRINT"{hOME} ";
240 FORD=lTOE: PRINT" [D0Wn5 "; :NEXTD
250 PRINTSPC(a+1)A$:PRINTSPC{A+1)" ":E=E-1
:NEXTC: RETURN
2 60 FORF=1TO17:A=A+1:E=20
270 READA$:GOSUB220:NEXTF
280 DATA C,R,0,S,S,W,0,R,D, , ,P,U,Z,Z,L,E
2 90 FORX=1TO3000:NEXT
300 GOTO360
310 F0RB=1T0A2-1: PRINT" {home} {20 D0Wn3 "SPC
Cb)" "A$:NEXTB
3 20 POKE LW,ASC( "*")
330 F0RC=1T013-F:PRINT" {hOME} ";
340 F0RD=1TQE:PRINT" {dOWK} " ,• :NEXTD
350 PRINTSPCCA2)A5:PRINTSPC(A2) " ":E=E-1:S
EXTC:P0KE op, 15: return
360 FORF=1TO7:E=20
370 READA?:GOSUB310;NEXTF
380 DATA P,R,0,G,R,A,M
3 90 F0RX=1T019:READA$
400 IPA$="0"THEN430
410 POKE WL+X, ASC(A$)-64
420 GOTO440
4 30 POKE WL+X, 3 2
440 GOSUB1000:NEXT
450 FORX=1TO2000: NEXT: PRINT" {CLEAR) "
460 INPUT" {03 DOWNIhOW MANY WORDS {MAX: 110
}";N
470 PRINT" {02 DOWNIhOW MANY VERTICAL WORDS
( ":F1;"-";F2; "WORKS WELL) "; : INPU
T K
480 INPUT" {02 D0WN}RESULTS ON SCREEN OR PR
INTER (S OR P)"rS$
490 DIM N$(N),L(N)
500 FOR X=1T0N:READN5(X);L(X)=LEN(N$(X)):N
EXT:PRINT" {CLEAR}"
510 F0RJ=1T023
520 FOR 1 = 1 TO Xl-l:PRIOT"fREVj {OFFr';:NE
XT I:PRINT" "? :NEXT J
530 FOR Z=1TOK:E=0:GOSUB1020:REM PUT IN V
ERTICAL WORDS
540 GOSUB 980: REM GET A RANDOM POSITION
5 50 FORX=0TOL(R)+1:B=PEEKCP+X1*X):C=PEEK(P
-1+X1*X) :D=PEEK(P+l+Xl*X)
560 IFB<>160ORC<>160ORD<>160THENX=l(R)+1:K
EXT X:GOTO 540
570 E=E+1
580 NEXTX:IFE=L(R)+1THENE=0
590 P0KE(P),42:REM PLACE * ON EITHER SIDE *"
OF WORD
600 FOR X=1T0L{R) :POKE{P+Xi*X) , ASC(MID$(N5
(R),X,l))-64
610 NEXT : POKE ( P+X 1 *X) ,42: NS (R) ="0 " : NEXTZ : R
EM GET ANOTHER WORD
620 Z=0
6 30 Z=Z+2:L=0
640 IF Z>23THEN900
650 FORX=1TON:E=0:G=0
660 IFN5(X)="0"ORL+lCx)+2>X1-1THENNEXTX
670 IFX>NTHEN630
680 F0RY=1T0L(X)
690 B=PEEK{3276a+L+Y+Xl*Z)
700 C==ASC(MID5Cn$(X),Y,1) )-64
710 IFB=160ORB=CTHENE=E+1
720 IFB=150THENG=G+1
730 IF E=0THEN770
740 IFB=32ORB=42ORG=L{X)THENL=L+1:GOTO650
750 IF E=L(X)THEN790
7 60 NEXTY
7 70 NEXTX
780 L=L+1:GOTO650
790 B=PEEK(32768+L+L(X)+1+X1*Z)
800 IFB=42ORB=160THENS20
810 L=L+1:NEXTX:GOTO630
820 B=PEEK{3276B+L+X1*Z)
830 IP B=160ORB=42THENB50
840 L=L+1: NEXTX :G0T06 30
850 POKE(32768+L+Xl*Z) ,42
860 FORLl = lTOL(X);POKE(3276a+L+Ll+Xl*Z) , AS
C(MID?(N$(X),Ll,l))-64
870 H=100:J=0:M=59459
880 POKEM,J:POKEM,H:POKEM,J
890 NEXTL1:P0KE(32 768+L+L1+X1*Z) ,42:N5(X)=
"0":L=L+L1:GOTO650
900 IF S5="P"THEN920
910 GOTO 1190
920 OPEN4,4
9 30 F0RX=1T024: B=B1 : FORY=lTOXl : IFY> lTHEbJB=
0
940 A=PEEKC3 2768-(X1+1)+Y+X1*X):IFA=320RA=
42ORA=160THENA=166
950 B$=CHR$(A+64)
960 PRXNT#4,SPC(B)B$; : IFY=X1THENPRINT#4
970 NEXTY, X:CL0SE4: GOTO 1190
980 U=INT(RND(1)*A7)
990 P=32768+U: RETURN
1000 FORY=1TO200:NEXT: RETURN
1010 DATAB,Y,0,W,I,L,L,I,A,M,0,L,O,E,R,C,H,
P R
1020 R=INT{RND(1)*N)+1:IFN$(R)="0"THEN1020
1030 RETURN
1190 PRINT" {rev)done{off]-hit {rev3c{off1 T
O CONTINUE";
1200 GET F$:IF F$="" THEN 1200
1210 PRINT" {clear} ": END
1220 REM BE SURE TO INCLUDE LINES 2000-2110
Program 2: vie version
100 X=RND(0)
110 POKE 36879,25
120 PRINT" {clear} "
130 PRINT" {03 down] {right} HOW MANY WORDS"
140 INPUT" (MAX:110)";N
150 PRINT" {02 down} {right} HOW MANY VERTICA
L"
160 PRINT" WORDS (10-15 WORKS"
170 INPUT" WELL)";K
180 PRINT"{02 down} {right} RESULTS ON SCREE
N OR"
190 INPUT" PRINTER (S OR P)";S$
200 dim N$(N) ,L(N)
80 COMPUTt! May1983
The Official
*•
The game that puts space games in
perspeclive. Zaxxon'", one of the most
popular arcade games of 1 982. is now avail-
able for use with your home computer
system.
Zaxxon'" technology and creativity present
a 3-dimensional-like playfield which sets
Zaxxon™ apart from other computer games.
Zaxxon™ looks and sounds like aircraft
flight, and players can soar to new levels of
home computer entertainment. From the
daring attack on the enemy's floating for-
tress and the blazing battle against the en-
emy's fighte r fleet to the fi nal showdown with
the deadly armored robot, Zaxxon'" chal-
lenges the skill and imagination of every
player at every level of skill.
Imagine yourself the pilot, attacking the
enemy fortress-climbing, diving, strafing to
score points and extra fuel. The enemy
fights back with a barrage of missiles and
gunfire. Then you face a fleet of enemy fight-
ers in a gripping dogfight of altitude strategy
and flying skill. Survive this battle and the
enemy's fortress, defended with laser bar-
riers, then you've earned the ultimate chal-
lenge; a blazing confrontation with ttie pow-
missile.
Zaxxon '" is the one game that you must see
to believe. You have to play it to feel its im-
pact. If you're ready to face the challenge,
check with your local software dealer or
send check or money order with S2.00 post-
age/handling. California residents add
QV2% sales tax. Available on cassette or
diskette. Suggested retail price S39.95.
Available in January on Atari ■, February on
Apple" and Radio Shack-' Color, and April
on Tl 99/4A"' and NEC 6000 '■.
Vi=i/ COMPUTER SOFTWARE
9421 Winnetka Avenue
■ Chatswofth.CA 91311
(213)701-5161
sl982Datasoft*lnc.
Datasott' IS a registered Iradetnark of OalasoH Inc '
Sega' and Zaxjon'" are tegislered trademarks ol Saga Enterprises In
210 FOR X=lTON:READN?(X):I.(X)=LKN(N$(X))sN TION
EXT: PRINT" (clear)" 100 OPEN #5,9,0, "E:"
220 F0RI = lTO22 110 DIM OUTPUT* ( 1 0 ), A« ( 1 9 )
230 PRINT"fREV} ":NEXT 120 POSITION 2,0:FOR 1=1 TO 36:PRINT
'■*" ; : NEXT I
240 FOR Z=1TOK:E=0:GOSUB710:REM PUT IN VE 140 FOR Y= 1 TO 23: FOR X=2 TO 37 STEP
RTICAL WORDS 35:POSITION X,Y:PRINT "*";:NEXT
250 GOSUB 690:REH GET A RANDOM POSITION X:NEXT Y
260 FORX=0TOL(R)+1 :B=PEEK(P+22*X):C=PEEKCP 160 POSITION 2, 23: FOR 1 = 1 TO 36:PRIN
-H-22*X):D=PEEK(P-H+22*X) T "f^jNEXT I
270 IFB<>I60ORC<>160ORD<>I60THENX=L(R)+1 :N 165 POKE 752,1
EXT X:G0T0 250 170 fl=10:FOR F=l TO 1 6 : A=A+ 1 : E= 1 8 : RE
280 £=E+I AD A«
290 NEXTX:IFE=L(R)+1THENE=0 180 FOR B=3 TO A:POSITIDN B,19:PRINT
300 POKE (P), 42: REM PLACE * ON EITHER SIDE ~ " ";A*:NEXT B
OF WORD 182 FOR C=l TO 10:PDSITION 0,0
310 FOR X=1T0L(R):P0KE(P+22*X),ASC(MID$(N? 184 FOR D=l TO E:PRINT " £ DOWN> " ; : NEX
Cr),X,1))-64 T D
320 NEXT:POKE(P+22*X),42:N$Cr)="0":NEXTZ:R 186 POKE S5 , C A+1 ) : PR I NT A*:POKE 85, (
EM GET ANOTHER WORD A+1):PRINT " ":E=E-1:NEXT C:NEXT
3 30 Z=0 F
340 Z=Z+2:L=0 190 FOR X=l TO 1000:NEXT X
350 IF Z>22THEN590 200 A=ia:FDR F=l TO 7:E=18:READ A*:F
360 FORX=ITON:E=0:G=0 OR B = 3 TO A-1: POSITION B,19:PRIN
370 IFN?{X)="0"ORL+L(X)+2>2ITHENNEXTX T " ";A*:NEXT B
380 IFX>NTHEN340 220 FDR C= 1 TO 1 3 -F : POS I T I ON 0,0:FaR
390 F0RY=IT0L(X) 0=1 TO E:PRINT " C DOWN > " ; : NE X T D
400 B=PEEK(7680+L+Y+22*Z) 230 POKE a5,A;PRINT A*:PDKE 35,A:PRI
410 C=ASCCMID5(N$(X),Y,1))-64 NT " ":E = E-1:NEXT C:POKE SL + 37a,
420 IFB=160ORB=CTHENE=E+1 47: NEXT F
430 IFB=160THENG=G+1 240 FOR X=l TO 19:READ A*: IF A*="0"
440 IF E=0THEN480 then 270
430 IFB=320RB=420RG=L(X)THENL=L+I :GOTO360 250 POSITION X+S,13:PRINT AS
460 IF E=L{X)THEN500 260 GOTO 280
470 NEXTY 270 POSITION X+B,13:PRINT " "
480 NEXTX 280 FOR Y= 1 TO 100: NEXT Y:NEXT X
490 L=L+1 :GOTO360 290 REM FOR 1 = 1 TO 2000: NEXT I
500 B=PEEK(7680+L.+L(X) + I + 22*Z) 295 GRAPHICS 0:POKE 752,0
510 IFB=42ORB=160THEN530 300 POSITION 3,3:PRINT "HOW MANY WOR
520 L=L+1 :NEXTX:GOTO340 DS ( MA X : 1 1 0 > " ; : I NPUT N
530 B=PEEK(7680+L+22*Z) 310 POSITION 3,7:PRINT "HOW MANY VER
540 IF B=160ORB=42THEN560 TICAL WORDS <15-25 WORKS WELD"
550 L=L+1 :NEXTX:GOTO340 ;; INPUT K
560 POKE(7680+L+22*Z) ,42 320 POSITION 3,11:PRINT "RESULTS ON
570 F0RL1 = 1T0L(X) : POKEC7680+L+L1+22*Z) , ASC SCREEN OR PR I NTER " : PR I NT " (S OR
(MID$ (N$ (X) ,L1, 1) )-64 P)";: INPUT OUTPUT*
580 NEXTL1:POKE(7680+L+L1 + 22*Z) ,42:N$(X) = " 325 POSITION ll,17:POKE 752,1:PRINT
0":L=L+L1:GOTO360 "...PLEASE WAIT..."
590 IF S? = "P"THEN610 330 DIM N* ( 20* ( N+ 1 ) ) , L ( N ) , T* ( 20 ) : REM
600 GOTO 850 ALLOWS WORD LENGTHS TO 20 CHARA
610 OPEN4,4 CTERS
340 FOR X=l TO N:READ T« : L ( X ) =LEN ( T«
620 F0RX=1T023:C5=" :F
0RY=1T022:IFY>1 THEN C5 = "" ^' '" ') Tn* < X i20+ 1 '.'x'* 20 + L i X 5 7 = T* : NEX T X
630 A=PEEKC7657+Y+22*X):IFA=320RA=420RA=16 : GRAPHICS 0
0THEtiA=166 350 PQKE 752,1: FDR 1=0 TO 22: FDR J = 0
640 B?=CHR?CA+64) jq 38: POSITION J, 1: PRINT " ■" ; : N
650 PRINT#4,C$+B$;:IFY=22THENPRINT#4 ^^^ J:NEXT I
660 NEXTY, X:CL0SE4: GOTO 850 3^^ PPP ^=1 TO K:E = 0
670 GET F$:IF F$="" THEN 670 ^j^ R= 1 NT ( RND ( 0 ) «N ) + 1 : X F N*(R*20 + 1,R
680 PRINT" [CLEAR)": END t20+l)="0" THEN 410
690 U=INT(RNDtl)*506) 420 U= I NT ( RND ( 0 ) «960 >
700 P=7680+U: RETURN 430 P = SL4-U
710 R=INT(RND(1)*N) + 1:IFN$(R) = "0"THEN710 ^^^ ^^^^ ^=0 TO L ( R ) ^^ I : B = PEEK < P + 40* X )
720 RETURN : C=PEEK CP-1+40*X ) : D = PEEK <P+l+40*
850 PRINT" {rev1done{off3-hit IrevJcIoff} T ^,
0 CONT"; 450 IF B<>12a OR C<>12a OR DO 129 TH
860 GET F?:IF F$ = "" THEN EN x = L ( R ) +1 : NEXT X:GOTO 420
870 PRINT" {clear}": END 460 E = E+1
880 REM BE SURE TO INCLUDE LINES 2000-2110 ^^^ NEXT X:IF E = L(R)+1 THEN E = 0
Program 3: Atari Version 480 POKE P,10:REM PLACE « ON EITHER
70 OPEN #1.4.0,"K:" SIDE OF WORD
B0 SL = PEEK (88) +256»PEEK (89) : REM DETE 485 T t = N* ( R * 20+ 1 , R *20 + L ( R ) )
RMINE SCREEN MEMORY STARTING LDCA 'V^B FOR X=l TO L(R):POKE (P + 40*X),AS
&?, COMPUTl! May 1983
IF YOUIAKED donkey KONG,
YOU'LL LOVE JU
m
0^
„>
lYT
^^k
M
" 1
1
'■^^ i
^
;/,;(
v«.
^ if you liked jumping overbarpels andjcjimbing
'^ladders to save damsels in distress, you'll love
the blazing excitement ofJUMPMAN. Your
incredible speed and jet boosters let you leap
from girder to girder, scale laddersrand ropes
to disarm the bombs planted in Jupiter Head-
quarters. Bupt's not easy and there are thirty
levels of diffimjity. You 'II have to dodge missiles,
killer robots/flying saucers, crumbling girders r : ..
and vanish^ig escape routes. In the heat of
battle, JUMPMAN must keep a cool head. ^"~
'■'.■ >.rt;vv -.'t^
*■«&=.
^
Award-Winnm
Computer q^m^M
y^i^pyx, 1043I^^ICo^1Sunnyvale. California 9401
DONKEY KONQis
I Nintendo of America, Inc.
C tT* ( X , X) > -32 250 FOR 1=2 TO 23 STEP 21
500 NEXT X:POKE < P + 40 * X ) , 1 0 : N4 ( R *2ei+ 260 CALL HCHAR ( 1 , 2 . 4 2 . 30 )
1 , R*20+l ) ="0" : NEXT 7 ; REM 6ET AND 270 NEXT I
THER WORD 730 FDR 1=2 TO 31 STEP 29
510 Z = 0 290 CALL VCHAR < 2 . I . 42 , 2 1 )
520 Z=Z+2:L=0 300 NEXT I
530 IF Z>23 THEN B00 310 H*= " CROSSWORD PUZZLE"
540 FOR X=l TO N:E=0:B=0 320 ROW=10
550 IF N« ( X*20-H , X*20-H ) ="0" OR L+L( 330 COL = 8
X)+2>39 THEN NEXT X 340 QOSUB 120
560 IF X>N THEN 520 350 V«="PROGRAM"
580 T*=N« < X*20+l , X«20+L (X) ) 360 RaW=7
590 FOR Y=l TO L(X) 370 C0L=15
600 E( = PEEK (SL + L+Y + 40J2) 380 GOSUB 180
610 C=ASC (T* <Y, Y> ) -32 390 H«="by WILLIAM LDERCHER"
620 IF B=128 OR B=C THEN E=E+1 400 R0W=14
630 IF B=128 THEN G=G+1 410 CDL=5
640 IF E=0 THEN 690 420 6DSUB 120
650 IF B=0 OR B=10 OR G=L ( X ) THEN L= 43P FDR DELfiY=l TO 750
L+l;GOTD 540 440 NEXT DELAY
670 IF E=L(X) THEN 710 450 CALL CLEAR
680 NEXT Y 460 INPUT "HOW MANY WORDS (MAX: 113)
690 NEXT X ?":N
700 L=L+1;G0T0 540 470 PRINT
710 B=PEEK fSL+L+L (X> +i+40*Z ) 480 PRINT
720 IF B=12S DR B=10 THEN 740 490 PRINT "HOW MANY VERTICAL WORDS"
730 L=L+1:NEXT X:GDTO 520 500 INPUT "(15-20 WORKS WELL1?":K
740 B=PEEK (SL+L+40*Z ) 510 PRINT
750 IF B=12B OR B= i 0 THEN 770 520 PRINT
760 L=L+1;NEXT XlGDTO 520 530 PRINT "RESULTS ON SCREEN OR PRI
770 POKE (SL+L+40»Z) , 10 NTER"
775 T* = N* ( X*20+-l , X*20 + L ( X ) ) 540 INPUT "(S OR P)-^":S1
780 FOR Ll = l TO L(X):P0H:E (SL + L + Ll+4
0«Z) ,ASC;TS(L1,L1) >-32
790 NEXT LljPOKE ( SL + L + L 1 •*-40 * Z ) , 1 0 : N
«(X»20+1.X*20+1>="0":L=L+L1:GDTO
5 40
800 IF DUTPUTt="P" THEN S20
810 GOTO 1060
550 DIM N* ( 1 1 0 ) , L ( 1 I 0 >
560 FDR X=l TO N
570 READ N* ( X )
580 L ( X ) =LEN (N* (X ) )
590 NEXT X
0
830 FOR LINE=1 TO 23
840 INPUT tt5.L«
950 LPRINT , , , L*
860 NEXT LINE
B70 GOTO 1060
630 CALL VCHAR ( 1 , 32, 31 , 24)
640 CALL HCHAR (24 , 1 . 31 , 31 >
650 FOR Z=l TO K
660 E=0
670 R= INT (RND*N) + 1
680 IF Nt(R)="i"l" TtlFN 67'^
880 DATA C,R,0,S,S,W.O,R,D, ,P,U,Z.Z J^J ROW= ^NT ( RND * 23 )^^
''-'^ ^ , ^ „ „ 700 COL=INT <RND*29> +3
890 DATA P, R, D, G, R, A, M
900 DATA B. Y. 0. W, I , L. L , I . A, M. 0, L . 0. E
7 10 FLAG=0
720 FOR X=0 TO L(R)+1
730 IF R0W+X>23 THEN 670
740 CALL GCHAR (ROW+X, COL, B)
^^„^,,,^^ , ^,.^ 750 CALL GCHAR (ROW + X . COL-1 . C )
1070 GET «5'D:GRAPHICS 0:END GCHAR ( ROW ^ X , COL + 1 . D )
1080 REM BE SURE TO INCLUDE LINES 20 ^^^ ^^ ( B=32 ) * ( C=32 ) * ( D=32 ) THEN 310
, R, C, H, E, R
1060 PRINT "f4 SPACESD DONE-HI T
O CONTINUE";
00-21 10
Program 4: ti-99/4A version
730 FLAG=1
790 X=L(R)+1
800 SOTO 820
100 GOTO 230 8 10 E=E+1
110 REM HORIZONTAL PRINTER 820 NEXT X
120 FOR 1=1 TO LEN<H*) 030 IF FLAG=1 THEN 690
130 LETTER = ASC <SEB* (H$, I . 1 ) ) 840 IF E - ;- L C R > + 1 THEN 960
140 CALL HCHAR<ROW. COL 1 I , LETTER) 850 E = 0
150 NEXT I S60 CALL HCH AR ( ROW , COL . 42 )
160 RETURN 870 FOR X=l TO L(R)
170 REM VERTICAL PRINTER 880 CALL HCH AR ( ROW+ X . COL , ASC ( SEGt ( N
190 FOR 1=1 TO LEN(V*) $(R),X,1>))
190 LETTER=ASC f SE6« (Vt. I , I ) 1 890 NEXT X
200 CALL VCHAR(ROW+I , COL. LETTER) 900 CALL HCHAR ( ROW+ X , COL , 42 )
•110 NEXT I ''l^ N«(R>="0"
220 RETURN 920 NEXT Z
230 RANDOMIZE ''-^ ^ = ^
240 CALL CLEAR "?''^ Z = Z+2
84 COMPUni May 1983
An Ocean Apart
•J^*r.-'j,
Pacific Co£ist SoftwareXoipora
The leading manufacturer of Commodore 64' software
• Word Processing
• Data Base Systems -•'wa
• Home and Business Accounting
• Educational
• Entertainment u— i
• PCS/6480 Column Board . '
—which contains resident executive driver that
interfaces word processing, data base and spread
sheet program modules.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATtON CONTACT THE
DISTRIBUTOR NEAREST YOU TODAYS
MIDWEST -{612) 665-6724 '=^^"'""
EAST CQ-^ST - (215) 87;i-0474
SOUTHEAST - (615) 690-6966
CANADA -(416) 366-6192
UNITED KINGDOM - 01-900-0999, TELEX 28604
Dealer Inquiries Encouraged ^
^^^^ PACinC COAST SOFTWARE CORPORA1
3220 South Brea Can\'on Road, Diamond Bar. CaJifornia 91765
(71-4)594-8210
Commodore 64 is a registered trademark of Commodore Electronics. Ltd.
950
960
970
9B0
990
1 000
1010
1020
1030
1040
1050
1060
1070
1080
1090
M=l
IF Z>23 THEN
FOR X=l TO N
E = 0
G = 0
IF <N* < X )
THEN 1260
FOR Y=I TO L(X)
CALL 6CHAR ( Z , M-f-Y
C=ASC (SEG« (N« ( X )
0
0" ) + ( -:m + l < X ) +2)
;i )
100
1 1 0
120
130
140
150
160
1 170
1 180
1 190
1200
1210
1220
1230
1240
1250
1260
1270
1280
1290
1300
1310
1320
1330
1340
1350
1360
1 370
1330
1390
1400
1410
1 420
1430
1440
1450
1460
1470
1480
1490
1500
1510
1520
1530
1540
1550
1560
Y,
"*"; ! NEXT X,Y
130 HTAB 2: VTAB 24; FOR I = 1 TO 38: PRINT
"*"; : NEXT I
140 A = 11: FOR F = 1 TO 16j A = A + 1 : E
= 18: READ A*
150 FOR B = 3 TO A: VTAB 19: HTAB Bs PRINT
'■ "A»: NEXT B
160 FOR C = 1 TO 10: HTAB 1
170 FOR D = 1 TO E: VTAB D + 1: NEXT D
1 ) )
IF CB
E = E+-1
IF B<
G = G + 1
IF E=0 THEN
32) * ( B< >C) THEN 1060
THEN 1080
1: PRINT
1 140
31 ) * (B< >42 J t (G< >L ( X ) ) TH
1 190
IF (B
EN 1120
ri = M+l
60T0 970
IF E=L<X)THEN
NEXT y
LDC = 2
GOTO 1260
LOC = 0
ri=M + l
GOTO 970
CALL GCHAR ( Z , M+L ( X ) +1
IF (E=42> + (B=32) THEN
M = M+1
GOTO 1260
CALL GCHAR(Z,M,B)
IF <B=32) + <B=42) THEN
M = M + 1
NEXT X
IF L0C = 2 THEN 1 160
GOTO 940
CALL HCHAR ( Z , M, 42)
FOR L 1 = 1 TO L (it)
CALL HCHAR(Z,M+L1
X ) , L 1 , 1 ) ) )
NEXT LI
CALL HCHAR £Z
N* ( X ) ="0"
M=M+L1
GOTO 970
IF S*="P" THEN 1460
Ht="DONE-HIT c TO
R0W=24
C0L = 4
GOSUB 120
CALL KEY(3,F,ST)
IF ST=0 THEN 1420
CALL CLEAR
END
OPEN #1 : "RS232"
FOR ROW=l TO 23
FOR C0L=2 TO 31
CALL 6CHAR (ROW, COL, X)
PRINT #1 :CHR« (X ) ;
NEXT COL
PRINT *»1:CHR*(13>
NEXT ROW
CLOSE #1
GOTO 1380
REM BE SURE TO INCLUDE
00-2 1 10
, B)
1230
1 290
9: PRINT A*
9: PRINT " "
NEXT Y: NEXT X
I NEXT : HOME
ASC (SE6* CN* (
M + Ll
42)
360
370
380
390
0
400
CONTINUE"
410
1B0 HTAB A + 1: PRINT A$: HTAB A
" ":E = E - 1: NEXT C: NEXT F
190 FDR X = 1 TO 2000: NEXT
200 A = 19: FOR F = 1 TO 7:E = 18: READ
A*: FOR B = 3 TO A - 1: VTAB 19: HTAB
B; PRINT " "At: NEXT B
210 VTAB 19: PRINT " « "
220 FOR C = 1 TO 13 - F; HTAB 1: FOR D
= 1 TO E: VTAB D + 1: NEXT D
230 HTAB A: PRINT At: HTAB A: PRINT "
":E = E - 1: NEXT C: POKE 1210,143
: NEXT F
240 FOR X = 1 TO 19: READ At: IF At =
"0" THEN 270
250 VTAB 14: HTAB X +
260 GOTO 280
270 VTAB 14: HTAB X -^
2B0 FOR Y = 1 TO 200:
290 FOR I = 1 TO 2000
300 VTAB 4: INPUT "HOW MANY WORDS (MAX
: 110)7";N
310 VTAB 7: INPUT "HOW MANY VERTICAL W
ORDS < 15-25 WORKS WELL)?";K
320 VTAB 10: INPUT "RESULTS ON SCREEN
OR PRINTER (S OR P)?";S*
330 DIM Nt<N) ,L(N)
340 FDR X = 1 TO N: READ Nt(X):L(X) =
LEN <Nt(X)): NEXT X: HOME
350 INVERSE : FOR I = 1 TO 23: FOR 3 =
1 TO 39: HTAB J: VTAB I: PRINT " "
;: NEXT J: NEXT I: NORMAL
DIM XL7.<23): FOR I = 0 TO 7
XL'/. (I) = 1024 + 128 * I
XL'/. (I + 8) = 1064 + 128 * I
XL7.<I + 16) = 1104 + 128 « I: NEXT I
FDR Z = 1 TO K:E = 0
R = INT ( RND (1) t N)
R) = "0" THEN 410
420 ROW = INT ( RND <1) « :
( RND (1) « 40)
430 F = XL7. (ROW) + COL
440 FOR X = 0 TO L(R) + 1:B = PEEK (X
L7. CROW + X) + CDL):C = PEEK (XLV. (
ROW + X) + COL - 1):D = PEEK (XL*/.
(ROW + X) + COL + 1)
450 IF B < > 32 OR C < > 32 OR D < ':■
32 THEN X = L(R> + 1: NEXT X: GOTO
420
460 E = E + 1
470 NEXT X: IF E = L<R) + 1 THEN E = 0
IF Ntt
13) sCOL = INT
LINES 20
Program 5: Apple version
100 TEXT : HOME
110 HTAB 2: FOR X =
; : NEXT X
120 VTAB 1: FOR Y =
TO 39 STEP 37;
480
490
500
1 TO
38: PRINT
11 4 It
510
520
2 TO
23: FOR X
= 2
530
VTAB
Y: HTAB X:
PRINT
540
POKE P,170; REM PLACE * ON EITHER
SIDE OF WORD .
FOR X = 1 TO L(R): POKE (XL7. (ROW +
X) + COL), ASC ( MID* (Nt(R>,X,l))
+ 64
NEXT : POKE (XL7.(RDW +
70:Nt(R) = "0": NEXT Z
MOTHER WORD
Z = 0
Z = Z + 2:L = 0
IF Z > 23 THEN 770
FOR X = 1 TO N:E = 0:B
X) + COL) ,1
REM GET A
0
96 COMPUTE! May1983
O^^^-i;..';:.^^^;:
''r-='^^*SA
ia^msesmsgis
minin*DflTflj SOFTWARE
FORTHE COMMODORE 64; PET*ANDVIC20'
mm^.
mm.
i^m
TAKE AN EXCITING TRIP
DOWN AVENUES OF
ADVENTURE WITH:
• Pakacuda*
• Escape*
• Logger*
- Ape Craze* ""'"
. Centropods^
Supercuda*
Street Maze ^
Caves of Annod
Capture the Beast
Market
^^•J
m
m
THROUGH TRAILS OF
CREATIVITY WITH:
• Sketch and Paint
. • Music Mentor
f:--!>;r.::-.1 i^
■ U^^i^m^J^l
,i^,.i:4t-;V--'4S;j
niB:^.
sfe;
^::^>\
m.
I
ALONG THE PATH TO
KNOWLEDGE WITH:
Wordspot
■ Math Tutor Series
Alphabet Tutor
Geography Smash
■ Gotcha Math
English Invaders
-Vi^'f -■ i^Ji'.^-'^ r
mm
12345 _
9x9=81 8
Math Invaders Series
ASK FOR COMM*DATA
COMPUTER HOUSE SOFTWARE
AT YOUR LOCAL DEALER.
sHJ2a^^-- ■'•■^•'
'.& '-li?,??!'^'. ''■"■V>>*ilv ■
^fM
ARRANGE PASSAGE TODAY!
Or Send for FREE Complete Catalog:
COMM*DATA COMPUTER HOUSE
320 Summit Avenue
IMilford Michigan 48042
(313)685-0113
Dealer Inquiries Welcome,
Commodore 64, PET, and ViC 20 are Registered Trademarks of Commodore Business Machines, Ina
'High Res Full Machine Code Arcade Style Games.
550
560
570
580
5V0
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
IF N*(X) = "0" 0RL+L(X)+2>3
9 THEN NEXT X
IF X > N THEN 520
FOR Y = 1 TO L<X)
B = PEEK (XL7. (Z) + L + Y)
C = ASC < MID* (N*(X),Y,1)) + 64
IF B = 32 OR B = C THEN E = E + 1
IF B = 32 THEN G = 6 + 1
IF E = 0 THEN 660
IF B = 160 OR B = 170 OR G = L(X)THEN
L = L + 1: GOTO 540
IF E = LCX) THEN 680
NEXT Y
NEXT X
L = L + 1: GOTO 540
B = PEEK (XL7.<Z) + L + L(X) +1)
IF B = 170 OR B = 32 THEN 710
L = L + 1: NEXT X: GOTO 520
B = PEEK (XL7. (2) + L5
IF B = 32 OR B = 170 THEN 740
L = L + 1: NEXT X: GOTO 520
POKE (XL7. (Z) + L) , 170
FOR LI = 1 TO LCX): POKE (XL7. CZ) +
L + LI), flSC ( MID* (N»(X) ,L1, 1) ) +
64
NEXT LI: POKE (XL/. (Z) + L + LI), 17
0:N*(X) = "0":L = L + LI: GOTO 540
770 IF S$ = "P" THEN 790
780 GOTO 1030
790 PR# 1: PRINT CHR* (9) "255N"
800 FOR X = 0 TO 23:B = 20: FDR Y = 0 TO
39: IF Y > 0 THEN B = 0
810 A = PEEK (XL7. (X) + Y) : IF A = 160 OR
A = 170 OR A = 32 THEN A = 237
820 B% = CNR* (A - 64)
830 PRINT SPC( B)B*;: IF Y = 39 THEN
PRINT
840 NEXT Y: NEXT X: PR# 0: PRINT : GOTO
1030
850 DATA C,R,0,S,S,W,D,R,D, ,P,U,Z,Z,
L,E
860 DATA P,R,0,G,R,A,M
870 DATA B,Y,0,W, I,L,L, I,A,M,0,L,O,E,
1030 PRINT " DONE-HIT 'C TO CO
NTINUE";
1040 GET F*: HOME : END
1050 REM BE SURE TO INCLUDE LINES 200
0-2110
Program 6: data statements To Be Added
To Eacti Version
2000 REM NUMBER OF WORDS = 110
2010 DATA ASSENT, ASTERISK, BAG, BITE, BOOT, BUF
PER , BULK , CELL , CEMENT , CLAI M
2020 DATA CAT, PERSON, CHAIR, CAN, PAPER, NUMBER
, OWL , PLATE , CIRCLE , PENCI L , LIGHT
2030 DATA VICTORY, LETTER, DOORWAY, SAIL, LOVE,
MOTHER, SON, DAUGHTER, CAR, HAPPY, WIN
G
2040 DATA TOMORROW, TRUCK, BUSY, FEELINGS, SUNS
ET , BRIGHT , SUMMER, PAINT , MOVI E , CHES
S
2050 DATA TENNIS, NET, BALL, RACKET, COURT, PLAY
ER, OFFICIAL, BOOTH , SCORE , POINT , THE
2060 DATA PINS, RACK, NEEDLES, CHAIR, STOOL, CEI
■ LING, SOUND, PROFESSOR, TEACHER,.SCHO
OL
2070 DATA COMPUTE, KEYBOARD, BYTE, BIT, STOP, GO
, END, MICROCOMPUTER, SOLUTION, FINE
2080 DATA ROOM, SAD, JOY, PEACE, BOATING, RIVER,
LAKE , SWIMMING , BOARD .GRASS , TOIL, TR
EE
2090 DATA EGG, EXHALE,GLORY, ILLUSIVE, IMMORAL
, DESK , LET , LEVEL , MYSTERY , MYSELF, RU
N
2100 DATA NAIL, TWO, MUTE, OFF, OFFER, PALM, PANE
L , PENNY , CENT , DOLLAR, POLL , POLICE , H
ELP
2110 DATA RENDER (pi
VIC-20 / CBM 64
*The Accountant $29.95
(C/L, B'S, pan
*Accounte Receivable/Payable $21.95
*Tapeworm $1 2.95
(Keep track of your records and tapes)
Sigma Stat $19.95
(A sophisticated stat prog, for VIC + Ski
Snakman $15.95
(Just like your favorite arcade game VIC onlv)
•Available for VIC & CBM 64
EMBASSY COMPUTER PRODUCTS
P.O. BOX as, Little Neck. NY. 11363
Check or money order. No COD's. h.y. Residents add 8.25%
sales tax. Add. S1 .50 for postage and handling.
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED — PROGRAMMERS WANTED
LUNA
SOFTWARE
LUNA SOFTWARE has
now available for im-
mediate delivery a
diverse line of software
for the Commodore
64™ and Vic 20™. Call
us today for a com-
plete look at our pro-
grams.
DISKETTCS & CASSEnES f=OR THE
COMMODORE 64" AND VIC 20™.
P.O.Box 26922 • San Jose. CA 95159-6922 • (4081378-7793
aa COMPUTE May 1983
T^U^ivaUnelec»9K0tUiUc^iti^KA
s^»!r^
c*
I^^
5$r:^-^^"
>^^'
.wt>
RTC
Call or write
payments
by VISA,
MASTERCARD
or BANK
TRANSFER.
Mailorders
also by
certified
checit, etc.
Many more 64s
^^
T
^M
I
'''■'.'■'.'.'TO'
sw
Spooling
to
Printer
10610 BAYVIEW (Bayview Plaza)
RICHMOND HILL, ONTARIO, CANADA L4C 3N8
(416)884-4165
C64--LINK
The Smart 64
M
So
^o.
ap-J
Vx^^hi
5o
RTC
VL16
(future)
Cartridge
Mother Board
CP/M
Switch
Serial
Audio I/O
RF Video Port
IEEE Dislts
(2031) (4040)
(8050) (8250)
(9090)
IEEE Printers
(4022) (8023)
(8300)
etc.
1541 Drive
And
1525 Printer
or 1515 Printer
or VL3 Cable
to Parallel
Printer
lEEEtoParallel
Interface
Parallel
Devices
IEEE to Serial
Interface
True Serial
Devices
or VL4 Cable
to Standard
M odem
POWER®
And
PAL®
Give These Expanded aM^
Capabilities To Your 64 ^
ir The atiility to transfer data from any type of device to another (IEEE, Serial,
Parallel)
■*■ BASIC 4.0 which allows you to run mors PET BASIC programs and gives you
extended disk and I/O commands.
■*• The ability to have several 64s on line togettier - sharing common IEEE
devices such as disks or printers with Spooling Capability,
ir Bulll-ln machine language monitor
■*• A built-in terminal or modem program which allows the system to communi-
cate ttirough a modem to many bulletin board systems and ottier computer
mainframes.
-k Compatibility with CP/M,
Contact your local Commodore Dealer or RTC.
Copyrights and Trademarks
C64 Is a copyright of Commodore Business Machines,
Inc. C64-LINK is a copyright ol F^ichvaie Tele-
communications. CP/M is a registered trademark of
Digitai Research. POWER is a trademark of Pro-
fessional Software. PAL is a copyright of Brad
Templeton.
Checkers For
The Commodore 64
Lester W, Cain
Want a rest from those fast-paced arcade games? Try
playing the sedate, ancient game of checkers against your
64. Not much frustration, and you're likely to win.
Move your piece in this game of checkers using
the four cursor controls. Move the ? cursor to the
piece to begin with, and press RETURN. This will
change the cursor to a (fi . Now, move to where
you want to go, and press RETURN. The computer
will not allow wrong moves. To cancel your move,
press the DEL key. If no move is possible, press
the space bar.
The computer logic is not tournament quality,
since the program checks moves only one level
deep. The King moves lack somewhat, but, other-
wise, the computer plays a pretty fair game. If
you don't pay attention, you could get into
trouble.
Here's a brief explanation of the program.
Program Description
Line Nos.
30 - 160 Subroutines the computer uses to scan
its move. It is only one level deep.
200 - 480 Routine to get the player's move.
490 - 504 Error checks disallowing invalid moves.
509 - 580 Update arrays; if a jump was made,
update score.
581 - 585 Check for another move; it so, go get
next move.
700 - 880 Main scan loop; calls routines at be-
ginning of program; helps speed up computer
process.
1800 - 1820 Print prompts at the bottom of the
screen.
1900 - 2160 Print logo and instructions.
2300 - 2470 Mostly initialization.
2600 - 2690 Print the game board.
2700 - 2850 POKE new array to the board after
every move.
2870 - 3000 Update the scores.
90 COMPUIB May 1983
1 REM — CHECKERS FOR COMMODORE 64
5 REM — GO INIALIZE AND PRINT BOARD
10 GOSUB1900:GOTO200
20 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN20
2 2 RETURN
29 REM — COMPUTERS SCAN
30 U=X+A:V=Y+B:IFU<0ORU>7ORV<0ORV>7THEN80
40 IFS(U,V)=0THENGOSUB90:GOTO80
50 IFS(U,V)<0THEN80
60 U=U+A:V=V+B: :IFU<0ORV<0ORU>7ORV>7THENa
0
70 IFS(U,V)=0THENGOSUB90
80 RETURN
90 IFV=0ANDS(X,Y)=-lTHENQ=Q+2
9 5 IFABS(Y-V)=2THENQ=Q+5
100 IFY=7THENQ=Q-2
105 IFY=0ORU=7THENQ=Q+1
110 FORC=-1TO1STEP2:IFU+C<0ORU+C>7ORV+G<0T
HEN130
115 IFS(U+C,V+G) <0THENQ=Q+1 :GOTO130
120 IFU-C<0ORU-C>7ORV-G>7THEN130
125 IFS ( U+C , V+G ) >0AND ( S ( U-C , V-G ) =0OR ( U-C=X
ANDV-G=Y) )THENQ=Q-2
130 NEXTC:IFQ>R(0)THENR(0)=Q:R(1)=X:R(2)=Y
;R(3)=U:R(4)=V
135 0=0: RETURN
150 U=X+A:V=Y+B:IFU<0ORU>7ORV<0ORV>7THEN16
0
155 IFS(U,V)=0ANDS(X+A/2,Y+B/2)>0THENGOSUB
90
L60 RETURN
199 REM — PLAYER MAIN LOOP
200 GOSUB2700
220 IFC1=12THEND?="I WON TOUGH LUCK":G0T01
600
230 IFPl=12THEND?="Y0U WON CONGRATULATIONS
" :GOTO1600
240 D$=T$:GOSUB1800:Z=0
2 50 F1=1:F2=2:LO=SU+(22*CD)+1:L1=0:U1=0
260 L2=Ll-l!U2=Ul-l;KI=63
2 70 F=0 :GETF$ : IFF$ <> " "THENF=ASC(F$ )
280 PE=PEEK(L0) sPOKELO, KI : FORT=1TO50 :NEXT:
PC=PEEK(L0+DI) :P0KEL0+DI,1
290 POKELO, 160:FORT=lTO50:NEXTsPOKELO,PE:P
OKELO+DI,PC
300 IF F=157THENIFL1>0THENL1=L1-1 :L0=L0-3
320 IFF=19THENPRINT" {clear] ":END
340 IFF=13ORF=141THEN490 ;
360 IFF=32THEN690
370 IFF=20ANDZ=0THEN250:REM NULL MOVE
400 IFF=29THENIFLl<7THENLl=Ll+l:LO=LO+3
420 IFF=145THENIFU1<7THENU1=U1+1:L0=L0-3*C
D
460 IFF=I7THENIFL!1>0THENU1=U1-1:LO=LO+3*CD
Products for VIC ao^and CBIVier
SOFTWARE
Word Wizard For The Vic 20'HFteQuires at least 8K memory expansion) A user
friendly WORD PROCESSOR with optional joystick control. Easy edit and string
manipulation commands that iollow the standard format. Full use of function keys for
ease of use 100% machine language with Delete Word, Search functions and Full
Justification. Use VIC Graphic printer, or any Centronics compatible printer connected
to the user port. On Tape (supports disk). S34.95.
ZAP!-Climbing the corporate ladder could be fun except for all that falling paperwork.
This Hires arcade type game allows up to^ players to advance through each floor and
change levels to scale the corporate ranks. Be careful, its easy to be ZAPPED!
CARTRIDGE for VIC 20.- S29.95
Bcmtier Word-A unique graphic word game on cartridge that provides the full thrill of
arcade action. Complete with six modes of play options for added enjoyment Play
against the computer or another player 6 to adult For VIC 20"'. SZ9,B5.
Tic Atlack-A fast action arcade game on Cartridge that challenges all of your
dexterity. Written in machine language for special audio & visual effects. Over 1 00
levels of play, High score indication. For VIC 20'", SZ9.95
Dol-A-Lot-As you wander through the maze of life collecting Berries, you happen upon
some magical fruit Pick one and the treasures appear, but the Meanies are out today
looking to spoil your fun. Defeat them and continue on to a higher level. An ever
changing maze plus arcade type animation and sound will provide a real winning
CARTRIDGE for the VIC 20-', S29.95
Triple Play-Three word games that are both fun and educationaf The games that are
included are CROSSWORDS (requires at least 8K expansion). Five complete puzzles
are included and each puzzle hasup to 1 00 different words, CRYPTO-SOLVE will help
you solve those cryptic messages found in newspapers, books, and magazines with a
Dealer and Distributor
Inquiries Invited
NOTE, We solicit (larflware and software items for the VIC 20 ' and CBM 64 ' , Royalties, license fees, or outriglit purchases
can be negotiated, CBM 64- & VIC 20' are Registered Trademarks of Commodore Business Machines Inc,
systematic computer technique, included are approximately 50 different
puzzles. You can even enter your own cryptic messages, H lODEN WOflDS will
display a matrix ol seemingly random letters on the screen. Upon closer inspection,
you will be able to find many words. Included are approximately 25 different puzzles.
For VIC 20-, ONLY S29,95 (oralis
Sketch Pad & Char-Gsn-This hi-resolution drawing program will allow you to draw
pictures in detail. Use either the keyboard or optional joystick, A fill command will
allow you to fill a block and other commands allow you to easily clear the screen. You
can also save and load pictures, Char-Gen is a simple to use custom character
generator that will allow you to design different characters for each printable key on
the computer This program is an excellent device to design game creatures, foreign
alphabets, secret symbols, or other special characters. One set is included and you
can make and store others quite easily. Both for VIC 20' , ONLY SZ4,95
HARDWARE
Ex|iaiid-B-Ram-16K Expansion Board lor the VIC 20' with reset, memory write
protect lull memory allocation, plus TWO expansion slots. Like having 2 products in
1, Can even be used as a cartridge development system, SI 19,00
UniKBrsal Tape Inlerlace & Du[ilKator-(Use on the CBM 64- and VIC 20"). With this
device, you can easily load save or even duplicate tapes easily with your recorder.
Full 3 LED indication of Data transfer makes this the most reliable way to Load, Save
and Duplicate. A complete I/O device with extras, NOTE: Duplication requires 2
recorders. Only S49.95
Universal Parallel Inlerlaces-Now you can use most any parallel Centronics'' type
printer with your VIC 20 '/CBM 64". The inexpensive model will allow you to access
your printer through the user port This cable and driver is
only S19.95, Our other model from TYMAC is more
extensive wild graphic capabilities. Call or inW l^'l^ft
write for more information and 1 1 %|^h| U
prices.
mWTB
A
DISTRIBUTING INC.
1342 B Rt. 23, Butler, NJ 07405
201-838-9027
480 GOTO270
490 POKE19a,0:Rl(Fl)=Ll : :R1(F2)=UI :IFL2=Ll
ORU2=U1THEN630
491 1Fs(l1,U1)=0ANDKI=63THEN1040
492 IFS(Ll,Ul)=40RS(Ll,rjl) <0THEN1040
493 IFKIO63THEN509
494 LM=L1-1 :UP=U1 + 1 : IFL1>=XAND!JI <=6THENIFS
(LM,UP)=0THEN509
495 LP=Ll+l:IFLl<=6ANDUl<=6THENIFS(LP,UP)=
0THEN509
496 IFS(L1,U1)=1THEN499
497 UM=Ul-l:IFLl>=lANDUl>=lTHEtnFS(LM,UH)=
0THEN509
498 IFLl<=6AHDUl>=lTHENrFS(LP,UM)=0THEN509
499 IFL1>=2ANDU1<=5THENIFS(LM,UP) <0A«DS(L1
-2,U1+2)=0THEN509
5 00 IFL1< = 5ANDIJ1< = 5THENIF,S(LP,UP)<0ANDS(L1
+2,Ul+2 )=0THEN509
501 IFS(L1,!J1)=1THEN1040
502 IFL1>=2ANDU1>=2THENIFS(LM,UM) <0ANDS(L1
-2,U1-2)=0THEN509
503 IFL1<=5ANDU1>=2THENIFS(LP,UM) <0ANDS(L1
+2,U1-2)=0THEN509
504 GOTO104O:REM ERROR
509 KI=0 :L2=L1 :U2=U1 : IFF1=1THENF1=3 : F2=4:G
OTO270
5 30 E=R1(1);H=R1(2):A=R1(3):B=R1(4):IFS(E,
H)=40RS(A,B) O0THEN1040
540 IFABS(E-A) >20RABS(H-B) >2THEN1040
5 60 S(A,B)=S(E,H) : S(E , h) =0 : IFABS ( E-A) <>2TH
EK660
5 70 S( (E+A)/2, (H+B)/2)=0:P1=P1+1:F2=4:F1=3
; Z= 1 : Rl( 1 ) =R1 ( 3 ) : Rl ( 2 ) =Rl ( 4 )
575 IFB=7THENSCA,B)=2
580 GOSUB2700:KI=35
581 LM=L1-1:UP=U1+1:IFL1>=2ANDUI<=5THENIFS
(LM,UP)<0ANDS(L1-2,U1+2)=0THEN600
582 LP=L1+1:IFL1<=5ANDU1<=5THENIFS(LP,UP) <
0ANDSCL1+2,U1+2)=0THEN600
583 IFS(L1,UL)=1THEN690
5 84 UM=U1-1:IFL1>=2ANDU1>=2THENIFS(LM,UM) <
0ANDS(L1-2,U1-2)=0THEW600
585 IFL1<=5ANDU1>=2THENIFS(LP,UM) <0ANDS(L1
+2,U1-2=0THEN600
5 86 GOTO690
600 D$=AM$ :GOSUB1800:GOTO270
630 Al=Rl(Fl):Bl=Rl(F2)
640 IFS(A1,B1)<>0ORABS(A1-A) <>20RABS ( Bl-B)
O2THEN1040
650 E=A:H=B:A=A1:B=B1:GOTO560
660 IFB=7THENS(A,B)=2
590 GOSUB2700:REM UPDATE BOARD
699 REM COMPUTERS TURN
700 D$=MT?:GOSUB1800
7 20 RM(0)=INT( .25+(7*RNDC1) )):FORI=1T07
7 30 RM=INT( .25+(7*RND(l) ) ) : FORJ=0TOI-l : IFR
M ( J ) =RHTHEHJ=I -I : NEXTJ : GOTO? 30
7 40 NEXTJ:RM(I)=RM:NEXTI
7 50 FORXI=0TO7:X=RM(XI) : FORY=0TO7 : IFS ( X, Y)
>-lTHEN780
760 IFS(X,Y)=-1THENFORA=-1T01STEP2:B=G:GOS
UB30:NEXTA
770 IFS(X,Y)=-2THENF0RA=-1T01STEP2 :F0RB=-1
TO1STEP2:GOSUB30:NEXTB,A
7 80 NEXTY.XI
790 IFR(0)=-99THENP1=12 :GOTO230:REM LOOSE
800 R(0)=-99
810 TFR(4l=0THRNS(R(3),R(4) )=-2:GOTO830
820 S(R(3),R(4))=S(R(1),R(2))
8 30 SCR(1),R(2) )=0:IFABS{R(1)-R(3))<>2THEN
200
840 sC(r(1)+R(3))/2,(rC2)+R(4))/2)=0:C1=C1
+ 1
-1THENB=-2:F0RA
1930 PRINTRTS; "{REV}
REV} {OFF}#{REV}
REV} {OFF}#{REV}
850 X=rC3):Y=R(4):IFSCx,Y)
=-2TO2STEP4:GOSUB150
860 IFSCx,Y)=-2THENFORA=-2T02STEP4:FORB=-2
TO2STEP4:GOSUB150:NEXTB
8 70 NEXTA:IFR(0) <> -99THENR( 0 )=-99 :GOTO810
880 GOTO200
1040 D?=C? :GOSUB1800:FORT=1TO2000:NEXT:GOTO
220
1600 GOSUB1800:FORI=1TO5000:NEXT
1610 D$="WANT TO PLAY AGAIN" : GOSUB1800
1620 GOSUB20:IFA5="Y"THENRUK
1630 PRIMT"THANKS FOR PLAYING": END
1800 D$=" "+D$+"
1810 PRINT" IhOMEI "; : F0RI=1T024 : PRINT" {DOWN}
"; :NEXT
1820 PRINTRT$;DS; : RETURN
1900 PRINT" (clear) [03 down) ":RT$="lll
right} "
[OFF}f{REV} {OFF}#{
(OFFlffREV} {OFF)i{
_ {OFF}£[REV} "
1940 PRINT" {0FF}";RT5;"%{REV} {OFF} {REV}
{OFF} {REV} [OFF} JREV} {OFF} [REV]
{off} {rev} {off} {rev} {off}'"
19 50 printrt5;"{rev}c{off} [rev}hIoff} {
REV}E{0FF} {REV}C{0FF} {REV}Ki0FF] {
rev}e{off} {REV}R{0FF} {REV}S"
1960 print" {0FF}";RTS;"%^{REV} {OFF} {REV}
{off} {REV} [OFF} {REV} {OFF} {REV}
{OFF} {REV} {OFF} {REV} {OFF}'"
1970 PRINTRT$;"{REV} {0FF}${REV} ToFF}${
REV} {OFF}${REV} {OFF}${REV} {OFF}${
REV) {OFF}${REV} {OFF}${REV} "
1980 INPUT" {03 down] {03 RIGHTJnAME PLEASE"?
PL?
2000 PRINT" {05 down} {03 RIGHt3wANT INSTRUCT
IONS (y/n) ":GOSUB20
2020 IFA?<>"Y"THEN 2300
2030 PRINTCHR5 (14)
2040 PRINT" {clear} {D0Wn}M0VE FLASHING IrEV}
7 {off! to man you"
2050 PRINT"WANT to MOVE, WITH CURSOR
2060 PRINT"C0NTR0LS.{D0WN}"
2070 PRINT"PRESS THE CARRIAGE RETURN."
2080 PRINT"THEN MOVE THE FLASHING {REV}@{
off]"
2090 print"to where you want to go."
2100 PRINT"PRESS CARRIAGE RETURN .{ DOWN} "
2110 PRINT" IF YOU HAVE ANOTHER MOVE"
2120 PRINT"MOVE THIS MAN AND FOLLOW"
2130 PRINT"WITH A CARRIAGE RETURN .( DOWN? "
2140 PRINT" IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A MOVE"
2150 PRINT"PRESS SPACE BAR TO SKIP"
2160 PRINT"A TURN. {down} ":PRINT"HOME ENDS G
AME . "
2 300 SC= 102 7 :CC=80:SU=SC:CD=CC/ 2: 01=542 7 2
2 340 Z1=87:Z2=102:Z3=81:Z4=32:RC=2:BC=0
2350 PRINT" [04 DOWN} [03 RIGHT} { REV} ": PL$ ;" [
off} do you WISH RED OR BLACK? {OFF} "
2360 GOSUB20:IFAS<>"R"ANDA$<> "B"THEN2360
2370 IFA$="B"THEN Zl=102 : Z2=a7 : Z3=32 : Z4=81 :
RC=0:BC=2
2 380 A=SU;B=A+{3*CD)+3:DIMS(B,S) ,R1{4) , R(4}
2 390 DATAl ,4,1,4,0,4,-1,4,4,1,4,0,4,-1,4,-1
,15
2 400 FORI=0TO7 : FORJ=0TO7 : READX : IFX=1 5THEN24
20
2410 S(I ,J)=X:GOTO2430
2420 RESTORE: READS (I, J)
2430 NEXTJ, I
2440 T?="YOUR TURN":C$="[REV}tRY AGAIN{0FF}
12 COMPUTI! May 1983
":MT?="MY TURN":AM$="ANOTHER MOVE
2450 C6$="C-64": SR$="[2e RIGHT]"
2460 P0KE53281,15:PRINTCHR$(142)
2470 G=-l:R(0)=-99
2600 PRINT" {clear} "; ;RT$=" [03 RIGHT] ": R$=CH
R?(2a)+" ":B$=CHR$(144)+"
2610 F0RI=1T04 : FORJ=lT03 : PRINTRT$ ;
2620 FORL=1T04;PRINT"IrEV) "; R5 ; B$ ; :NEXT:PRI
NT" (off) ": NEXT
2630 FORK=lT03 :PRINTRT$;
2640 F0RL=1T04: PRINT" [rev] ";B?;R?,- iNEXTtPRI
NT
2650 NEXTK, I:PRINT"IbLK}"';
2660 PRINT" [home] [02 DOWN) " ? SR$ ; C6$ ; " ";PL$
: I=SU+3*CD+27 : J=SU+3*CD+32
2680 POKEI , Z2 ; POKEI+OI , RC : POKEJ , Zl : POKEJ+DI
,BC
2690 RETURN
2699 REM UPDATE BOARD
2700 Dl=SU+CD+l:FORJ=7TO0STEP-l:FORI=0TO7
2 710 IFS( I , J )=0THENPOKED1 , 160 : POKEDl+DI , 0 :G
OTO2850
2720 IFS(I,J ) =1THENP0KED1 , Zl : POKEDl+DI , RC : G
OTO2850
2730 IFSd.J) =-lTHENPOKEDl , Z2 : POKEDl+DI , EC :
GOTO2850
2740 IFSd ,J)=2THENP0KED1, Z3: POKEDl+DI, RC:G
OTO2850
2750 IFS(I,J) =-2THENP0KEDl , Z4 : POKEDl+DI , EC :
GOTO2850
2850 DI=D1+3:NEXT;D1=D1+96:NEXT
2860 REM — UPDATE SCORE
2870 PRINT" [home] [05 DOWN] " ; SR$ ; CI ; " ";P1
3 000 RETURN ©
Your Commodore 64
Deserves An Assistant
Data Base Management
Financial Planning
Word Processing
RAINBOW
COMPUTER
CORPORATION
490 Lancaster Avenue
Frczer, PA 1 9355 (21 5) 296-3474
Dealer Inquiries Invited
«MIRMD
K)R wt ca««o(Wt b'-V
You
Can
COUNT
A/IC * COMMO[X)RE 64 * PET
"SPRJTE-AID iCJTili: ediloi wpin lOysncV oolionlDf CSM 64
■SYNTHY-64 muiic h sound Svnrnesirer Fantasric' fo' C&M-6d
"SCREEN-GRAPHICS-64 odd giopnicscommanaslo BASIC inci spnr«. .,
'SKIER-64 f?«cilin3 gomewQit- ,
"Tiny Basic Compiler tor vc. cbmaj oi Per
'BUDGETEEB Vnual planrj; Iti. Vic. CBM-M oi Pel
'QUICK CHART pp^'jcntolion cuailmokier for C&M M ai VIC ?0
"TINY FORTH Panquutj.- i.M CBM (Hoi VIC 20 lAoril 251h|
VIC GREAT BALLOON RACE otiomer e>ciring gome
VIC l-CHING ofiHHTal lorlune lellefiaK ejpDQnoeij
VIC SUPER EXPANDER SCREEN DUMP pr.ms ,om g.apr„o>
VIC JOYSTICK PAINTER
VIC OR PET VIGIL tjamui lonBuogewiih 9 games
VIC OR PET PIPER Ihp mui.c macriitH.'
VIC HIRES /MULTICOLOR GRAPHICS UTILITIES mc «i,o m.mo-vl.
VIC GRAPHVICS lupipi lull icieen giopnicj (leq 3lf w W mem e*p I,...,
VIC TINY PILOT pducnhonal larpgudge
CRIBBAGE ivic ?o reg imi loi cbmm oi vie JO
VIC MACHINE LANGUAGE GUIDE iss 9S to...9n|
PET MACHINE LANGAGE GUIDE iS3«io.e,gni
PET TINY PASCAL PLUS + (rag 32 k i
BASIC REFERENCE CARD IS2 oo lon-igni
Write lor FREE Calalog or for fast service, coll our Order
S14.9S
$29.«
S 24.95
$14.95
SI 9.95
519.95
SI 4.95
S19.95
S 14.95
S 24.95
S 14.95
S 14.95
S 29.95
SI 9.95
S19.95
S24.95
S17.95
SI 4.95
S 5.95
S 6.95
S39.95
S 1.50
Line
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msm
Abacus iMh^n.
Sottwane Spjst
P.O. Box 7211. Grarvd Rapids, Ml 49510 616/241-5510
All ^oirwort^ pociipgpicotnp compie'«> wiih msn ucrjonioi manuals Pa^Tagpcind hondi
sng SI 50 iLf & ond Conodo S3 00 Hiewhf^re f iX dt^ enclose 53 00 per ioflwo'C pachage
pQvmenT acctjptatjip <n US dollO'S Dy check, mletnafional monev order VISA MC
■ ACCESS BorciQvCQtd
GOgBAGE
Call on Eagle 8 Bit & 16 Bit
Computers and Software
NEC
COMPUTERS
MMK) CALL
SOOIA S719.00
S03I S719.0O
SOU tS49.D0
PRINTERS
8023 $<69.00
7710/7730 $2299.00
3510/3530 $1549.00
KMONITORS
JB-IZ60 $119.00
JB-IZOl $149.00
JC-1JI2 $299.00
iC-12-I02 $299.00
JC-1203 $599.00
PRINTERS
BIMITH CORONA
TP I $599.00
TriclDT Fnd $ 129.00
C ITOH fEC]
SlMr»ittniF10-40CPS) $1299.00
PriiilmulHFlO-SSCPS) $1S49.00
ProaiUngSlOP $399.00
Pnwcilcr gSIOS $599.00
PnmrtlEr 1550 P $769.00
PnMRttcr 1SS0 5.. $799.00
OKIDATA
8JA $429.00
g3A $659.00
g4(P>nlM) $1049.00
84 (S€ilal) $1149.00
92 $599.00
91 $999.00
IDS
MkxciPibm $649.00
132 (Fully CanBgund) $1599.00
m (Fully Cmaflund) $ 1399.00
Call for oth«f otnliflurkUoiu.
STAR
Goslnl 10 $379.00
Gemini IS ...$489.00
OAI B YWRITEH
UnnQivUly $1049.00
DIABUO
6M $999.00
630 $1769.00
O Tel^deo
TERIVIINA1.S
910 $579.00
912C $499.00
920C $749.00
925C $749.00
950 $950.00
WYtf WYIOO $749.00
COMPUTERS
800A $1299.00
802 $2649.00
M2H $4695.00
806 $4999.00
816 $8999.00
803 CALL
1602/1603 CAU.
PANASONIC
JR200U 32K PiT>. Computer . . . $309.00
KnONITORS
TR-120. 1 2" Hi™ Gr«»n ... $159.00
CT-16a. la'DiulMiMkColDr .$299.00
DT-DIOOO. 10" RGB $349.00
DT-D1300. 13- HGB/Compodlt . . . $429.00
SANYO
MB 1000 CompulfrT $1599.00
MB I60Add>>nDr>v< $539.00
5500 Lfttrr Quality IWntfT $699.00
P^^^^' PC-IBOO
POCKET CDAAPUTER
S1BS.
PC issa...SBa.ao
CE 150 Printer, PloltCT and
Cau. Inlarfacc Unit $ 1 72,00
CE 152 Cau. Recorder $62.00
CE 155 8K Rao Eipanrion Module. . $94.00
CE125 Printer/M Jan Cawelle. ..$129.00
MONITORS
AMDEK
300G $159.00
300A $169.00
310C $179.00
310A $169.00
CokjT I $299.0</
ColoTll $599.00
Color li A $799.00
Color 111 $349.00
12AU 12- Green $79.99
140i 13" Color (Mid Res.) $369.00
9191U IS'Coifipoiite .$329.00
TAXAIM
Coloi CaaniMslli CALL
RGB 1 $3Z9 .00
3EENITH
ZVM 121 $99.00
ZT-I Tennioal $369.00
SHARP
13" Color TV $269.00
19- Color TV $339.00
3mput:er m
Qs. commodore
VIC BO
S149
Motor Mouse $23.00
Crnllpede $23.00
Frogae (VIC) $23-00
Frogse <&4) $23-00
VIC 20 Duit Cover $9.99
VIC 1530 Dataxette $69.00
VIC 1 54 1 (54K Disk Drivet $339.00
VIC 1525 Graphic Primer $339.00
VIC 12103K Mem. E<p $32.00
VIC I1108K Mem. E«p $53.00
VIC nil I6KMem. Eip $94.00
VIC 101 1 RS232C Term- bueiface ... $43.00
VIC 1 1 1 2 IEEE-488 Interface .... $86.00
VIC 12 U Super Eipander $53.00
VIC Mother Board $99.00
HES. UMI, EPYX * Creative Software ,
lor VIC. Now Ii> SlocIlM
pnOFEeeiONAI. SOFTWARE
Word Pioceiiins lor VIC 64 $79.95
HEWLETT
PACKARD
m
41 CV
HP7S S79S.
HP 4tC(Ftee ntemory rmidute). ..$149.00
HP IOC $59.00
HP 1 IC $72.00
HP 12C $99.00
HP I5C $99.00
HP I6C $99.00
IViaDEIVIS
HAYES
Smart - $219.00
Smart 1 200 (1200 Baud) $549.00
Chronograph $199.00
Miciomodem 100 $309.00
Miciomodem II $279.00
Mkromodem II (lelth Term) $299.00
IM OVATION
J-Cat $119.00
C»l $144.00
D-Cat $ 1 59.00
103 Smart Cat $189.00
Apple Cit II $279.00
103/212 Smart Cat $439.00
21 2 Apfile Cat II $609.00
Apple Cat II 2 1 2 Upgrade $309.00
ANCHOR
Marl I (HS-232) $79.00
Mark II (Atari) $79.00
Mark III (TI-99) $109.00
Mark IV (CBM/PETl $125.00
Mark V (OSBORNE) $95.00
Mark VI (IBM-PC) $ 179.00
Mark VII (Aulo Aniwir Cal!|....$ll9.a0
IKS -80 Color Computer $99.00
9 Volt Power Supply $9.00
VIC 64
S399.
S032 $1039.00
4032 $749.00
8096 Upgrade Kit $369.00
Super Pet $1499.00
2031 $469.00
8250 Dbl.Sided Dlik Drive .... S 1 699.00
D9060 5 Meg. Hard Disk $2399.00
D906a 7.5 Meg. Hard Dtik $2699.00
8050 $1299.00
4040 $969.00
8300 (Letter Quality) $1549.00
8023 $599.00
4022 S399.00
New Z-Ram, Adda CP/M* & 64K ... $549.00
Tht Manager $209.00
Magis ...CAa
Word Pro 5 PIm $319.00
Word Pro 4 Plui $299.00
Word Pro 3 Plus ...$199.00
The Administrator $379.00
Info Pro Plui $21 9.00
Power $79.00
T1MEX SINCLAIR
lOOO SS5.
16K Memory Module $44.95
Vu-Calc $17,95
Check Book Manager $13.95
Tlie Organizer. ,.,....,...... $14.95
The Budgcier $13.95
Slock Option $ 1 4.95
Loan St Mortgage Amortlzcr $1 2.95
Mlndwore Printer $109.00
Ortit Software CALL
NEC
3SSa PRINTER. .. S1 999
PEHCOM/TAIMOaiM
ORIVEB
SVi- 1 60K Disk Drive $249.00
SH- 320K Disk Drive $299.00
AMDEK
310A Anther Monitor $169.00
310G $179.00
Amdlsk (3y<- Drivt) .,, $679,00
X Y Plotter , , , , $649.00
Color II $599.00
SOFTWARE
I.U.S. Easywrlter II $249.00
I.O.S. Easyspeller $129.00
Peach Package (GL/AP/AR) . , . . $4 1 9,00
PROFESSIONAL
SOFTWARE
IBM/PC Word Processing $319.00
CONTINENTAL
SOFTWARE
The Home Accountant Plus .« 119.00
1st Class Mall/Form Letter $99.00
SYNAPSE
File Manager $1 19.00
ail order eas^
506
IISI PA. CALL f-71 7]3e7-9B75. 477 E.THIRO BT., ^MILLIAMSPOnT. PA. 1 7701
Nvriik. Kdcpochofi C.O.D. orderiL Pre-patd onlen receive free tUpplng wtthln the UPS Continental United Stalei Delivery Zone with no walling pet lod for cerllflcd checktor monevordcri. Add
3XtBlirinHB(3.00) riilpfPtagandhBndlingocia]lC.O.D.aDdcT«dltc«rdiorden. Larger shlpmcntft may require addlttorul diarpea. NVandPA rcaldcnUaddtakA la^. Allhcms tubjcct to BvaiUbUlty
afid ptlcc cikangc WIIH ^i Ww vtock mamifBctiircr'B and third party urftwarc lor mot! all computers on ihe market. Call lixlay for our new catalOB.
Call on FRANKLIN Computers,
Disk Drives, Software and
System Specials.
MICRO-SCI
DIBK DRIVES FOR
APPLE S. FRANKLIN
A2 \299M
A40 J349.00
A70 t459.00
C2 CoiitToller S79.00
C47 Confroller $89.00
VISICORP
far Appla, IBM S Franklin
VlsldtK 5189.00
Vltiftlc 5189.00
Vislplot 5159.00
Vlsllerm 589.00
Visilrend/Plol 5229.00
VlslSchedule $229.00
Duktop Ron $189.00
VincakfAppkll'.CBMJBM] $179.00
Vislcorp pric« ivr IBM may var^ iligKtly.
CONTINENTAL
Home Accnt. (Appli/Anrij $59-00
TheTaxA4van[B3iKApple,Atari>. . .545.00
Isl Class Mall/Fomi LtttolApple). . . $79.00
Tlie Book ol App't $14.95
Tlur Book ol Alnri $14.95
The Book of Appiv GrapKics .... .514.95
SIRIU8
Free Fall 524.00
Beet Run $24.00
Snake Byte 524.00
Space Eggs 524.00
Sneakers 524.00
Bandits 528.00
BRODERBUND
Apple Pan(c , . . . - $2 J.OO
David's Magic $27.00
Slat Blazer $ 25.00
Arcade Machine $34 00
Chopliher $27.00
Serpentine $27.00
INFOCOM
Deadline<AlBri.Appie.lBM) $35.00
Stat Cross $29.00
Zotk I, 11. or III $29.00
MPC
BubdUk (12SK Ram) $719.00
AXLON
Applc/Franklln 1 28K Ram 5399.00
Apple/Franklin Ram Disk 5999 00
KRAFT
Apple Joystick $44 .00
A ATARI
1010 Recorder $74.00
1020 Printer $269.00
1025 Printer $589.00
830 Modem $159.00
820 Printer $259,00
850 Interface $169.00
CX40 Joy Sticks (pair) , $ 18.00
CX414 Bookkeeper Program .. $119.00
CX419 Bookkeeper Kit $ 195.00
CX481 Entenainet Package $59 00
CX482 Educator Package $130.00
CX4g3 Programmer Package .... $54.00
CX484 Communicator Package . . . $344.00
Full Stroke Replacement Keyboard. -
for Atari 400 $119.00
48K
ALIEN
Atari Voice Bos 51 19.00
Apple Voice Bos 5 149.00
MEMORY
Aslon 32K Ram $89.00
A«lon 48K Ram . . . $139.00
Aslon 1 28K Ram $399.00
1 nlec 32K Board $74.00
lnlec48K Board $99.00
I ntec 64K Boardt400 Only) $ 1 49.00
wica
Joystick 524.95
FamousRedBall $26 95
Apple Trackball $59.00
Atarl/VIC Trackball $55.00
Apple Adapter $16.00
PEfiQOM
OlSK OI1IVEB
FOR ATAR
$399 00
. .$299.00
$549.00
RFD 40- A 1
. .5349 00
RFD 40'S2
5889.00
RFD 44-Sl
5679.00
RFD44-S2
$1029.00
RAIMA DISK DniV^a
Call for pricf and availabiliry on (he
new Rana Disk Drives for The Apple
and Franklin Computer Systems.
FI-C3PPY DISKS
MAXELL
MD I (Bosol 10) $32,00
MD It |Bo« oIlO) $44,00
FDI(8-t $40,00
FD 11 (8" DDl 550,00
VERBATUM
5W- SS SD $26.00
5H" DS DD $36.00
ELEPHANT
5y."SSSD 519,99
ATARI aoa
•16K SI 93.
3aK SS74'-
4BK 9B93-
e4K *359 *•
*NDn-Atari Ram
One Year Extended Warranty , , , , $70.00
ATARI
Pac-Man $33.00
Centlpeile $33.00
Caverns o( Mars 532.00
Asteroids 529.00
Missile Command 529.00
Star Raiders $35 .00
Galaiian $33.00
Defender $33.00
Atat* Visicaic $159.00
ON-LINE
Jawbreaker $27.00
Sohpom $27.00
Wi rard and the Piinccss $29.00
The Neil Step $ 34.00
Mission Asletoid 522.00
Mouikaltack 531.00
Frojger 531.00
Cross Fire (ROM) 536.00
SYNAPSE
Rle Manager 800* $69.00
Chlcken(aemi $34.00
Picnic PatBnola(Ram) $34.00
Claim Jumper (Rom) $34.00
Slime IRoml $34.00
Shamus(Roml $34.00
Protector (Rami $34.00
Dodae Racer|C/Dl $26.00
Naulilus (C/D) $26.00
Shadow World (C/D) 526.00
Survivor (CVDl $26.00
Drelbs (€/ D| $26,00
Necromancer (C/D| $26.00
Pharohs Curse (C/D) $26.00
Fon Apocolyps* (C/D) $26.00
Paget $19.00
Asse mblir $30.00
Disk Manager $24.00
DATABOFT
Pacific Coast Highway $25.00
Canyon Climber $25 .00
Tumble Bugs $25.00
Shooling Arcade 525.00
Clowns and Balloons $25 .DO
Graphic Mailer 530.00
Graphic Generator 513.00
Micro Painter 525.00
Test Wliard 579.00
Spell Wizard $64,00
Bishop's Square .,.,,.., $25.00
Sands of Egypt $25.00
Moon Shuttle $25.00
Zason , , , , $29.00
810 Disk Drive $429.00
Call for Price and
Availability of the NEW
e4K ATARI iaao
APX
Tent Formatter $18,50
Family Budgelet $18,50
Eastern Front $24.00
Family Cash $18,50
Jukeboi $13,50
Downhill $18,50
Outlaw $18,50
Holy Grail 524,00
Player Piano 51 S,SO
KeylMard Organ S IS.SO
Number Blast $ 1 3.50
Frogmaster $16.50
747 Land Simulator $18.50
Bumpe r Pool $13,50
CBS
K-raiy Shoot Out 532.00
K-raiy Kritters 532,00
K-raiy Antics $32.00
K-star Patrol $32.00
Stick Stand $5-99
EPYX
Crush. Crumble & Chomp $24.00
Crypt ol the Undead $24.00
Curse of Ra $16.00
Datestones 8t Ryn $16,00
Invasion Orion $19,00
King Arthur's Heir $24,00
Horloc's Tower $16,00
Rescue at Rlgel .524,00
Ricochet 516,00
Star Warrior 529,00
Temple of Asphai 529,00
Upper Reaches ol Apshal 516,00
SPINNAKER
Snooper Troops a 1 ,.,.,,,,..,,,. 534, 00
Snooper Troops '2 534,00
Face Maker 524,00
Story Machljte S24.00
Delta Drawing $45.00
Rhymes and Riddles 521.00
Kinder Comp $2 1 .00
RDKLAN
Wliard ol War (Rom) $34.00
Deluse Invader (Rom) 529,00
Gorl (HomI $34.00
FIRBT BTAR
Astro Chase $25.00
Bia B
Miner 49er $35.00
OAMEBTAR
Baja Buggies $24.95
Football $24.95
computer mail order west:
BQO-64S-331 1
Dspt.
SOB
IN NV. CALL [70e)C8a-SeS4, P.O. BOX BBSS, BTATELINE, NV. 89449
ni>l&TiaiUAl.OBCiEnS! All shipments outsidt; conl.nenlal Unilea Slates must tje prepaid by certified cftech only! Include 3%(minimum S3.00) shipping and handling
lucATlDNAi. □tBcauruTS: Adtiilitjnal discounts are available (rom both Compulei Mail Order locations lo qualified Ertucahonal Inslitulions,
'D s FPO. Add minimum 55,00 shipping on ail orders CP/M is a registered Ifademark ol Digital Research, Inc
Why use other computer media
when you could be using
ScotcK
high quality error free media?
Get Scotch Diskettes Directly From Communications Electronics
There's a lot of valuable data stored on the diskettes in
your computer or word processing system. In 1981, a
diskette manufacturer calculated tliat the "true cost of a
diskette" was $186.50 after data loading. With inflation,
the actual cost is well over $200.00 today. That is why you
don't want to use just any diskette, you want the high
reliability and quality of Scotch diskettes. You can trust
Scotch diskettes to deliver that accuracy because each
diskette is tested before it leaves the factory and is
certified error-free. That means fewer errors and less lost
data. Flexible discs may look alike, but they don't all
perform alike. Scotch diskettes can deliverall the perform-
ance you'll ever need. The low abrasivity of Scotch
diskettes, 32% below industry average, saves wear and
tear on your read/write heads, which means fewer service
calls due to head problems. Longer and more reliable
service is you rs when you buy Scotch diskettes since they
far exceed the industry standard durability tests. Finally,
your Scotch diskettes are packaged in units of 10, com-
plete with color-coded labels (except bulk product) to
make your filing easier.
Flexible Disc Quantity Discounts Available
Scotch diskettes are packed 1 0 discs to a carton and five
cartons to a case. Please order only in increments of 1 00
units for quantity 100 pricing. We are also willing to
accommodate your smaller orders. Quantities less than
100 units are available in increments of 10 units at a 10%
surcharge. Quantity discounts are also available. Order
500 or more discs at the same time and deduct 1 %; 1 ,000
or more saves you 2%; 2,000 or more saves you 3%; 5,000
or more saves you 4%; 10,000 or more saves you 5%;
25,000 or more saves you 6%; 50,000 or more saves you
7% and 100,000 or more discs earns you an 8% discount
off our super low quantity 100 price. Almost all Scotch
diskettes are immediately available from CE. Our ware-
house facilities are equipped to help us get you the quality
product you need, when you need it. If you need further
assistance to find the flexible disc that's right for you, call
the 3 M/Scotch flexible disc compatibility hotline. Dial toll-
free 800-328-1 300 and ask for the Data Recording Prod-
ucts Division. In Minnesota or outside the United States
dial 61 2-736-9625 between 9 AM to 4 PM Central Time.
SAVE OH SCOTCH FLEXIBLE DISCS
Product Dgscription
8" SSSD IBM Compatible (128 B/S, 26 Sectors)
S" Same as above, but bulk pack w/o envelope
S" SSSD Stiugart Compatible, 32 Hard Sector
8" SSSD OPT BOOO Compatible, Soft Sector
8" SSDD IBM Compatible (1 28 B/S, 28 Sectors)
8" DSDD Soft Sector (Unforrratled)
8" DSDD Soft Sector (256 B/S, 26 Sectors)
8" DSDD Soft Sector (51 2 B/S, 15 Sectors)
8" DSDD Soft Sector (1024 B/S, 8 Sectors)
5'A" SSDD Soft Sector w/Hub Ring
S'/V
S'A'
5'/.'
5'A
5V<
5V4
Same as above, but bulk pack w/o envelope 744D-0RHB
SSDD 10 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
SSDD 16 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
DSDD Soft Sector w/Hub Ring
DSDD 10 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
DSDD 16 Hard Sector w/Hub Ring
S'A" SSQD Soft Sector w/Hub Ring (96 TPI)
51/4" DSQD Soft Sector w/Hub Ring (96 TPI)
SSSD = Single Sided Single Density; SSDD = Single Sided Double Density:
DSDD = Double Sided Double Density: SSQD = Single Sided Quad Density:
DSQD = Double Sided Quad Density; TPI = Tracks per inch.
Parts
CE quant,
too price
per disc (S)
7400
2,19
740-0 B
1.99
740-32
2.19
740-O-8OOO
2.89
741-0
2.89
743-0
3.49
743-0/256
3.49
743-0/51 2
3.49
743-0/1 024
3.49
744DORH
2.34
744D-0RHB
2.14
744D-10RH
2.34
744D-16RH
2.34
745-ORH
3.09
745-10RH
3.09
745-16RH
3.09
746-OHH
2.99
747-ORH
3.99
Save on Scotch Static Control Floor Mats
Scotch Velostat Electrically Conductive Floor fvlats, drain static charge
before it can cause serious problems with computer or word processing
equipment. Order number 1853 is a black4' x5' size mat with lip. Cost
is $1 70.00 each. Order number 9453 Is the same mat, but the color is
earthtone brown, which is designed to blend with any ofJice decor.
Cost on the 9453 mat is $259.00 each, All Velostat mats come
complete with 1 5 feet of grou n d cord. All mats are shipped i reig ht col lect.
Save on Scotch Data Cartridges
Scotch Data Cartridges are available from CE in three different
configurations. The DC100A cJata cartridge is a small version of the
DC300Adata cartridge. The DC1 OOA contains 1 40 feet ofo. 1 50" tape
in a package measuring 2.4 x3.2 xO.5 inches. Cost is SI 4.00 each. The
DC300A is a pre-loaded tape cartridge containing 300 feet of one mil
thick by V," computer tape. The DC300A costs $18.00 each. The
DC300XL is an extra length data cartridge with 450 feet of tape. It is
the same size and interchangeable with the DC300A. The DC300XL
provides a total storage capacity of 34.5 nnillion bits at 1 600 BPI The
cost of the DC300XL is $22.00 each.
Scotch Head Cleaning Diskettes- Helps Cut Downtime
When the read/write heads on information processing machines
are dirty, that can cause you a lot of grief. Now.. .with Scotch brand
head cleaning diskettes, you can clean the read/write heads on
the diskette drives yourself In just 30 secondsand as often as they
need it. Simply apply (he cleaning solution to the special white
cleaning fabric. Insert the cleaning diskette into the drive and
access the heads for 30 seconds. That's all there is to it. Regular
use of the head cleaning diskettes can save you much of the grief
caused by dirty heads. We recommend you use them once a
week, or more often if your system gets heavy use. Each kit
contains two head cleaning diskettes, and enough solution forSO
cleanings. Order # 5-CLE is for 5V4" drives and order # 8-CLE Is
for 8" drives. Only $25.00 each plus $3.00 shipping per kit.
Buy with Confidence
To get the fastest delivery from CE of your Scotch computer products,
send or phone your order directly to our Computer Products Division.
Be sure to calculate your price using the CE prices in this ad. fvlichigan
residents please add 4% sales tax or supply your tax I.D. number.
Written purchase orders are accepted from approved government
agencies and most well rated firms at a 30% surcharge for net 30
billing. All sales are subject to availability, acceptance and verification.
All sales are final. Prices, terms and specifications are subject to
change without notice. All prices are in U.S. dollars. Out of stock items
will be placed on backorder automatically unless CE is instructed
differently. Minimum prepaid order $50.00. fvlinimum purchase order
$200.00. International orders are invited with a $20.00 surcharge lor
special handling in addition to shipping charges. All shipments are
F.O.B. Ann Arbor, fvlichigan. No COD'S please. Non-certified and
foreign checks require bank clearance.
For shipping charges add $8.00 per 100 diskettes and/or any
fraction of 1 00 S-inch diskettes, or $6.00 per 1 00 diskettes and/or any
fraction of 100 5 W-(r?ch mini-discs. For cleaning kits, add $3,00 per kit.
For tape data cartridges, add SI. 00 per cartridge, for U,P.S, ground
shipping and handling in the continental United Slates.
Mail orders to: Con:imunications Electronics, Box 1002,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 481 06 U.S.A. If you have a MasterCard
or Visa card, you may call and place a credit card order. Order
toll-free in the U.S. Dial 800-521 -441 4. If you are outside the
U.S. or in Michigan, dial 313-994-4444. Order your Scotch
computer products from Communications Electronics today.
Copyright •I 982 Communications Electronics' Ad #120182
MostcrOord )
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Programming
Multicolor Characters
On The VIC
McDonnell
If\/ou know how to create standard programmable char-
acters, you can create four-color characters and multi-
color graphics. Here's how to select colors for the screen,
border, character, and auxiliary colors. For the unex-
panded VIC.
In order to understand the creation of multicolor
characters on the VIC-20, you must first have a
working knowledge of standard programmable
characters. You can easily pick this information
up from the Programmer's Reference Manual,
or from some excellent articles in past issues of
COMPUTE!
For standard programmable characters, draw-
ing is done using an eight by eight grid. Each
point on the grid represents one bit, which is
turned either on or off by designating a value of
one or zero for the bit.
You can use as many as four colors in one
character when using multicolor graphics. Since
you must designate one of four color choices,
rather than simply on or off, you cannot program
each individual bit. However, if adjacent bits are
combined to produce a piece of information, you
have four choices:
1. Both bits off (00)
2. First bit off, second on (01)
3. First bit on, second off (10)
4. Both bits on (11)
You now have the four possibilities necessary
to designate four colors, but you have them at the
sacrifice of horizontal resolution. Since it takes
two bits to specify a color, you will be able to
specify only four individual blocks of color across
one horizontal line of your character (as opposed
to the eight blocks available with a standard char-
acter). You still have eight vertical rows available.
Available Colors
Each possible two-bit value corresponds to a spe-
cific selectable color.
00 = screen color
01 = border color
10 = character color
11 = auxiliary color
For border and character colors, you have the
choice of the eight standard VIC colors. For screen
and auxiliary colors, you can choose from the 16
colors depicted in the screen and border color
chart in the back of your owner's manual. More
about selecting individual colors later.
First, let's see how we designate our four
initial choices. The figure shows the same pro-
grammable character in both standard and multi-
color mode. Notice that the numerical value of
each horizontal byte is the same. The DATA state-
ments you use to create each character are identi-
cal. The difference is that in the multicolor mode,
each pair of bits is combined and read as one
nybble to identify the appropriate color group.
Getting Into Multicolor
Accessing multicolor mode and setting the desired
character color are done simultaneously. For stan-
dard characters, you POKE the appropriate screen
location to the desired color using the numbers
zero (black) through seven (yellow). To go into
multicolor mode, you simply add eight to the
desired color value. This both selects your charac-
ter color and sets that particular character to mul-
ticolor mode. For example, POKEing screen loca-
tion 38400 to a value of 15 would both change the
character color in the upper left corner of the
screen to yellow, and turn on the multicolor mode
in that space.
Setting border and screen colors is done the
same as always: by POKEing 36879 to the desired
value from the color chart in your user's manual
(POKE 36879,9 will give you a black screen and a
white border).
The choice of auxiliary color is made, believe
it or not, in the same memory location you use to
control volume, with a POKE to location 36878.
Moy1983 COMPUm 97
There are 256 possible values for this POKE loca-
tion (0-255), and each of the consecutive 16 values
corresponds to one of the 16 available colors, in
descending order, from the chart.
In other words, any value between zero and
15 POKEd into location 36878 will produce an
auxiliary color of black. Values 16 through 31 will
produce white, and so forth. This creates a slight
problem when we're writing a program where we
want to control both volume and multicolor
graphics. We can solve it with this formula:
POKE 36878, A MS + V
A is the number of the desired color (0 is black, 1
is white, etc.), and V is the desired volume.
That's what you need to know to create mul-
ticolor graphics. The rest of the operation is iden-
tical to creating standard graphics.
These two programs illustrate how to use
multicolor characters. The first program creates a
four-color spaceship and moves it down the
screen. The spaceship is drawn using two separate
characters and POKEing them side by side.
The second program is a coloring game my
children seem to love. It allows you to choose the
colors in which the character will be drawn. I
created the character using a grid that is five char-
acters wide and five deep, and which yields a 20 x
40 area of programmable blocks. The screen and
border colors are set to black and white by the
program. You select the auxiliary color and three
different areas of character color. Because charac-
ter color blocks are set individually, a multicolor
figure consisting of more than one character can
be programmed to more than four colors. In this
case, I could have selected up to 28 different colors
for the figure. Six were sufficient.
Program 1: Four-Color Spaceship
10 PRINT" {CLEAR] "
100 POKE36869, 255
105 POKE36879,61
110 FORI=7168T07679:POKEI, PEEK (1+25600) : NE
XT
130 FORI=7176T07191
150 READA;POKEI,A:NEXT
154 X=7690:C=30720
155 POKEX , 1 : POKEX+C , 10 : POKEX+1 , 2 : POKEX+C+ 1
,10
156 FORT=1TO80 : NEXT : POKEX , 32 ; POKEX+1 , 3 2
157 X=X+22:IFX>B185THEN154
158 GOT0155
160 DATA8, 2, 5, 23, 85, 93, 85, 40, 32, 128, 80, 212
,85,117,85,40
Program 2: coloring Game
10 PRINT" {clear}"
20 PRINT" {10 down} JUST A MINUTE..."
110 FORI=7168TO7G79:POKEI,PEEKCI+25600) :NE
XT
120 F0RI=7176T07375
130 READA:POKEI,A:NEXT
139 POKEX+89,10:POKEX+89+C,10
140 DATA48, 252, 239, 235, 235, 235, 232, 232, 235
Draw
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Standard
Multicolor
= screen color
= border color
= character color
~ auxiliary color
= 4
= 8
= 63
= 63
= 46
= 38
_4
= 21
Same programmable character in
both standard and multicolor mode.
98 COMPUni May 1983
standard VIC 20
no additional memory needed
(CG008) Alien Panic $12.95
Race against time as your guy digs holes to trap
aliens in 4 floor laddered, brick construction site.
Requires joystick.
(CG096) Antimatter Splatter $24.95
This game is as good as its name. Another pure
machine code game, this one is fast! The alien at
the top of the screen is making a strong effort to
rid the world of humankind by dropping anti-
matter on them. The splatter cannon and you are
our only hope as more and more antimatter falls.
Joystick again is optional equipment.
(CG026) Collide $12.95
"Vic" controls one, you the other as cars go
opposite directions on 4 lane track. Requires
joystick.
(CG094) Exterminator $24.95
Recently scoring a rating of 10 out of a possible
10 this game was praised as "one of the best I've
seen on any computer" by a prominent reviewer
in a leading magazine. The idea is to shoot a
centipede before it overuns you, the problem
being every time you hit it, it divides into two
separate shorter ones. Several other little
creatures bounce around during this struggle. All
of them lethal. 100% machine language makes
the rapid fire action very smooth. A joystick is
optional, but as always, recommended, (a trac
ball is also very nice!).
(CG054) Krazy Kong $12.95
Three screens, a gorilla, barrels, and changing
difficulty levels help to make this one of our most
popular. Joystick optional.
(CG098) Racefun $19.95
Extensive use of multicolored character capabili-
ties of the "Vic" make this one very appealing to,
the eye. Fast all machine language
action, quick response to the stick or
keyboard controlled throttle, combine
with the challenge of driving in
ever faster traffic to make it
appeal to the rest of the body.
Joystick controlling
is an option.
(CG058) Rescue From Nufon $12.95
Must find 30 hostages in this 100 room, 5 story.
alien infested, graphic adventure game. A
continual big seller. Keyboard only (n. = north w =
west etc.)
(CG068) The Catch . . . $12.95
Another all machine language game based on the
principle that one person with one joystick
guiding one catch/shield can catch everything
that one alien can throw at one. The action comes
slowly at first but by the fourth wave you'll be
aware of . . . "The Catch" . . .
Expanded Memory Vic 20 Games
(CG090) Defender On Tri $19.95
Pilot a defender style ship on mission to save
trapped scientists from a fiery fate (they are
aboard an alien vessel deep in the gravity well of
sol). Excellent graphics, Short scene setting story
in the instructions. "Defender On Tri" requires at
least 3K added memory.
(CG092) 3D Man $19.95
The maze from probably the most popular arcade
game ever, with perspective altered from over-
head to eye level. The dots, the monsters, the
power dots, the side exits, the game is amazing.
"3D Man" requires at least 3K added memory.
(CG088) Space Quest $19.95
Our first 8K memory expander game and its a
beauty. The scene {a short story is included) is far
in the future, a time when man's knowledge has
reduced an entire galaxy into a mapped series of
quadrants. This game has stratagy (you plotyour
own hyperspace jumps on Galaxy map), action
(against a starry background you find yourself
engaged in a dogfight, laser style), exploration
(you must fly your ship deep into caverns to pick
up necessary fuel). "Space Quest" requires at
east 8K memory expansion and a joystick.
Commodore 64
(CG602) 3D-64, Man $19.95
This available on the expanded "Vic 20"
game, has been completely rewritten for
the 64 and uses sprites, sounds, and
other features not available onthe"Vic".
This one requires a joystick.
P.O. Box 1 56, Shady Cove, Oregon 97539-0156 Mastercard and Visa cards accepted C.O.D. Orders... call (503) 878-21 1 3
VIC is a trademark of Commodore Business Machines, Inc. Games will be on tape unless you request disk. Ask for our FREE catalog I
,235,235,59,59,15,3
141 DAT A3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1,5, 21, 22, 21, 21, 21, 21,
5,5,1, 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
142 DATA0, 0,2 5 2, 2 55, 3, 60, 2 5 5, 255, 245, 2 13, 2
13,213,217,234,230
143 DAT A2 3 1,2 5 5, 2 55, 2 5 5, 2 5 5, 2 52, 9 2, 84, 8 5, 8
5,149, 165,138, 128,96,96
144 DAT A88, 88, 89, 2 2, 5, 5, 1,1, 0,0, 0,0, 0,2 55,
2 55,255,255,255,2 55,12 5,125,125,1
25,125
145 DATA25 5, 2 55, 2 55, 2 5 5, 19 5, 0,6 5, 6 5, 0,6 5, 8
5,85,85,170,20,20
146 DAT A40, 170, 170, 8 5, 170, 8 5, 85, 85, 85, 0,0,
63,255,192,60,255
147 DATA2 5 5, 9 5, 87, 87, 87, 103, 17 1,1 55, 2 19, 2 5
5,255,255,255,63,53,21
148 DATAB5,8 5,86,90,162,2,9,9, 37,37,101,14
8,80,80,64,64,0
149 DATA! 2, 6 3, 2 5 1,1 7 1,2 35, 2 35, 43, 43, 2 3 5, 2 3
5,235,236,236,240,192
150 DATAl 92, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 64, 80, 84,1
48,84,84,84,84,80,80,64,64,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0
151 PRINT" {clear} {05 DOWNIhELLO, THERE 1 MY
NAME {down lis FRED, THE SEE-THRU
{down} MOUSE. WHAT'S YOURS"
152 PRINT: INPUTN?
153 PRINT" {clear] {02 DOWN } WELL, "N$
154 PRINT" {D0WN}I HAPPEN TO LIVE IN { DOW
down) YOUR COMPUTER. THEY {DOWN)
CALL ME A SEE-THRU"
155 PRINT" {dOWN}MOUSE BECAUSE I'M { DOW
down}invisiblei "
156 PRINT" {down} BUT YOU CAN SEE ME BY {DOW
down} PAINTING ME DIFFERENT {oOtflSl}
COLORS. JUST PRESS THE"
157 PRINT"SPACE BAR TO BEGIN."
158 GETB?:IFB$=""THEN158
159 IFB$=" "THEN161
160 GOT0158
161 PRINT" {clear] {DOWNIFIRST LET'S COLOR M
Y {down} FACE. PICK A NUMBER."
162 PRINT" {down] 1=RED 8=LT.0R."
163 PRINT" {down] 2=CYAN 9=PINK"
164 PRINT" { down] 3=PURPLE 10=LT.CYAN
165 PRINT" {down] 4=GREEN 11=LT.PUR.
166 PRINT" {down} 5=BLUE 12=LT.GRN.
167 PRINT" {down} 5=YELL0W 13=LT.BLUE
168 PRINT" { down} 7=0RANGE 14=LT.YEL.
171 PRINT; INPUTC? :D=VAL(C$)+2
172 IFD<30RD>16THEN161
173 PRINT" {clear} {D0WN}THANK YOU, "N?
174 PRINT" {D0WN}N0W HOW ABOUT MY EARS":GOS
UB185
175 PRINT" {clear} {down} VERY GOODl NOW MY E
YES":G0SUBia5
176 PRINT" {CLEAR}0KAY, "N$
177 PRINT" {down} ONE LAST TIME TO C0L0R{D0W
DOWN]mY mouth. ":GOSUBia5:GOT0193
185 PRINT" {down} 1=BLACK": PRINT" {D0WN}2=WHI
TE" : PRINT" {dOWN} 3=RED" : PRINT" { DOW
D0WN]4=CYAN"
186 PRINT" {down} 5=PURPLE": PRINT" {down} 6=GR
EEN": PRINT" { DOWN] 7=BLUE" : PRINT" {D
D0WN]8=YELL0W"
187 Y=Y+1: PRINT :INPUTH$(Y):H(Y)=VAL(H?(Y) )
138 IFH(Y)<1 ORH ( Y ) > 3ANDY=1THENY=0 : GOTOl 7 3
189 IFH(y)<10RH(Y) >8ANDY=2THENY=l:GOT017 5
190 IFH(Y) <10RH(Y)>8ANDY=3THENY=2:GOTOl76
191 H(y)=H(Y)+7
192 RETURN
100 COMPUTE! May 1983
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
210
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
250
260
PRINT" {CLEAR] {D0WN]0KAY, "N$
PRINT" {down} HERE WE GO . IF YOU { DOW
down} WANT TO CHANGE MY {DOWN]
COLORS, PRESS THE"
PRINT" {down} SPACE BAR. ": PRINT" { DOWN] AN
D WHEN YOU WANT TO { DOWN] QUIT, P
RESS E."
PRINT" {down} BUT TO SEE ME AS YOU { DOW
DOWNJJUST PAINTED ME, PRESS{D0WN}
ANY KEY BUT THOSE TWO."
GETF$ : IFF$=" "THEN197
IFF5=" "THENY=0:POKE36869, 240:POKE3687
9,27:GOT0161
IFF$="E"THEN250
PRINT" {clear} ":POKE36869,255
PRINT" {clear} ":P0KE36869,255
POKE36879,9
POKE36878,D*15-l-l
X=7887:C=30720
F0RA=1T02
FORB=0TO20STEP5
POKEX , B+A : POKEX+C , H ( 1 )
X=X+1
NEXTB
X=X+17:NEXTA
FORA=3T05
FORB=0TO20STEP5
P0KEX,B+A:P0KEX+C,H(3)
X=X+1 jNEXTB
X=X+17:NEXTA
POKE7888+C,H(2) : P0KE7889+C,h( 2 ) : POKE79
10+C,H(2 ):POKE7911+C,H(2)
POKE7890+C,H(2):POKE7912+C,H(2)
GOT0197
POKE36869,240:POKE36879,27
PRINT" {clear} {09 D0WN}S0 L0NG,"N?"1"©
ET POUR MOl
v(c-ao
SOFTWARE
TRIUMPH WITH A WINNER!
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Also;
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S 19.95
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16.95
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16.95
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VISA & MASTER CHARGE ACCEPTED
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•Suppliers 14.95
•Custorjwrs 14.95
•Pai-roll (Clwcks, eTC-( 29.95
WordPauer (16K) 19-95
Educational
Hang 'em |5K or *) S12.95
Geogramania •
Grafihtiii, %toles, coptiais 12.95
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•fiK exp. required
SI .00 handling clurgs Willi ea. order
DEALER INQUIRES WELCOME
i SOFTWARE
Division o( PM Businfss Stivices
4400 Arden View Ct. . St. Paul, MM 55112 • (612(633-0891
VIC 20 is 3 TM of Commodore Business Machines
RAMAX"
^^ by APROPOS
The ONLY RAM your VIC-20® will need
FEATURES
A full 27k bytes of RAM
(added to VICs 5k
equals 32k.)
• Fully switchable in sections
BLK 1 switches 8k
(Adr. 81 92 to 16383)
BLK 2 switches 8k
(Adr. 16384 to 24575)
BLK 3 switches 8k
(Adr. 24576 to 32767)
BLK 5 allows/disallows
8k ROM (games)
(Adr. 40960 to 49 152)
RAM switches 3k (Adr. 1 024 to 4095)
• May be used with Super Expander®
games or ANY other VIC-20
compatible cartridge.
• Built in RESET switch.
• Fuse protected.
• Totally self-contained.
• 2 duplicate extension connectors for any device
normally plugged into the expansion port. (BLK 5 i
switched to connectors)
• Very low power usage. (.150 amp max.)
• High reliability gold plated connectors.
• 6 month parts and labor warranty.
• Factory service. - Extended service always available.
THIS SUPERB PLUG-IN GIVES YOUR VIC-20
REAL POWER AND EXPANDABILITY
SOFTWARE
DR. FLOYD
FOR ONLY $149l00
Shipping included
WE ARE NOW OFFERING "RAMAX Jr." (19k),
which is identical to RAMAX in EVERY way, except the
top 8k (BLK 3) is not incorporated. Our introduction
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WE SERVICE WHAT WE SELL
TO ORDER:
Send Check or Money Order For the Total
Calif, residents add 6% tax.
Phone orders: CALL (805) 482-3604 24 HRS.
For credit card orders, include all information on card.
or contact your local dealer.
^1 Foreign orders, add $8.00.
All items shipped from stock.
DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME
■APROPOS TECHNOLOGY,
Psychoanalysis by computer? — well, not quite, but Dr. Floyd will
carry on a conversation with you using psychoanalytic techniques
giving the appearance oJ artificial intelligence. Requires t6k RAM
or more.
$14.95 stiipping included.
WORD PLAY
"WORDPLAY" is a collection of programs which allow the user to
make original stories, write a form of Japanese poetry, play the fu n
game of Animal (children love this one), and create jargon. A
Bonus secret message (cypher) program is also included. In a
word, "WORDPLAY" is a bargain.
Requires 1 6k RAM or more.
$14.95 shipping included.
TYPE FOR YOUR LIFE
With more challenge than an arcade game, learn to type up to 75 +
words/min. (User selectable, but no FOOLING AROUND allowed).
TEXT IS WIDELY VARIED SINCE IT COMES FROM THE
PROGRAM TAPE. Action color graphics with sound fix your eyes
to the screen (away from your fingers - clever!) Your man rows
your boat up stream as fast as you can type. Maintain speed and
destroy the Sea Monster; slow down and he will get you. Runs on
the unexpanded VIC.
$14.95 shipping included.
All software is on high quality cassettes
and Is replacement guaranteed.
VIC-20 & SUPER EXPANDER are registered
trademarks ol Commodore Business Machines. Inc.
350 N. Lantana Ave., Suite 821
Camarillo.CA 93010
Atari Starshot
Matthias M Giwer
You are fli/iir;^ doxv)! n trench bisecting an nrtificia!
ivorhl. A iii^^ctuhodicd voice whispers i)i i/oiir ear, "Turn
off your computer - BASIC is too sloio." As this game
will demonstrate, Atari BAS!C can be fast enough if
i/oii ktnnc how to speed it up.
The features in the Atari computer give it a
graphics potential that approaches that available
in dedicated graphics-oriented computers. And,
features of Atari BASIC allow very fast manipula-
tion of strings. Direct Memory Access for the
Player/Missile Graphics, and the direct call of
machine language from BASIC. This game com-
bines all of these features and a few others.
Let's start the discussion of this program
with the subroutine al line 30000. The first thing
to do is to enable the Player/Missile Graphics.
Appendix A of the Atari Hardware Manual
gives a detailed example of how to do this. This
method only works when there is nothing on the
screen. As soon as you write to the screen, this
method fails. The usual approach is to reserve
enough pages for the screen RAM, the Player/
Missile graphics pages, etc. All in all, to use Player/
Missile Graphics with GRAPHICS 7, you wind up
reserving 32 pages and, in the process, taking
care of the computer rather than letting the
Operating System (OS) take care of you. Here is
how to do it right.
RAMTOP
Contained in register 106 is the number of pages
of RAM available to you for your use after every-
thing needed for the system has been accounted
for. What we want to do is to change this number
so that RAM is protected for the Player/Missile
Graphics pages. This is accomplished by POKE
106, PEEK(106)-16. This puts a number "into that
register that is 16 pages less than the number the
102 COMPUTl! MQV1983
Operating System determines upon powering up
the computer or upon system reset. But just
POKEing a new number does nothing until the
computer makes use of it.
The second GRAPHICS 7 call causes the
Operating System to make use of this new RAM-
TOP to relocate the screen RAM and the display
list below RAMTOP. If you do not make this
graphics call, you will hnd that the screen memory
is above the new, lower protected memory limit,
and the system will crash at the first attempt to
scroll the screen. In other words, your system
registers that point to the first screen byte, and
the display list will be above RAMTOP. The
Operating System cannot handle this.
You proceed as normal but much more cleanly
now that you have lowered the effective lop of
your RAM and made the Operating System reor-
ganize itself around that new maximum RAM
with the seconci graphics call. Lines 30204 and
30206 are the enabling POKEs for Player/Missile
Graphics as described in many articles and in De
Re Atari. Line 30208 is the POKE to tell the Oper-
ating System where to hnd the start of the Player-
Missile data. The start of this data is now simply
RAMTOP.
With Player/Missile Graphics set up this way,
you can forget about what the rest of the system
is doing and treat it just as though Player/Missile
Graphics were not in use. The Operating System
(('^7/ take care of you.
Player Definition
The next routine of interest is at line 30236. (This
is the machine language routine published in the
February 1982 issue of COMPUTE!.) It provides
relocation of the four players at machine language
speeds by means of two POKEs and, since the
routine is executed during the vertical blanking
time, the motion appears to be continuous. The
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'J
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BASIC A + is what you'd expect from the authors of Atari BASIC! It's the only logica] upgrade available to
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BASIC A+ is designed to support any business programmer or Atari user. Its enhancements include structured programming,
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ASK YOUR DEALER, or cal! or write for our brochure.
ATARI, APPLE II, and TINY C are trademarks of Atari. Inc., Apple CtMnpuier, Inc., and
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rest of the 30000 lines define the plavers. Note
that the [RESTORE in line 30310 mal<es Player 3
the same as Player 2, although it is defined as a
different color in line 30230.
Now let's jump to lines 100-120 - we will get
to the earlier lines later. These lines arc the defini-
tions that will be used for named subroutines
later. The use of named subroutines is a desirable
feature that greatly aids program development.
Lines 1890-1930 are both the one-time calls
and those such as DISPLAY that arc needed to set
up the game at the start.
The subroutine at line 10000 draws the back-
ground in the wav that makes this illusion of mo-
tion possible. Note that each set of lines is drawn
with a different COLOR and that the COLOR
numbers rotate 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, and so forth. I will
get back to this in a minute.
Color Rotation Simulates Motion
The START subroutine at line 5000 POKEs num-
bers into the color registers so that vou can see
the screen and draws the eight attackers. You will
note also that COLOR J also rotates the COLOR
assigned to the attacker graphic although in a
more complex manner than in BACKGROUND.
The DISPLAY subroutine at line 6300 controls
the scoring and number of lives information that
will be shown in the bottom alphanumeric
window.
ASELECT at line 6500 picks the order in which
the attackers will attack from among the pre-
defined ATTACK 1-4$ in lines 54 and 60.
Within the infinite loop at line 2100 you'll
find the reason why I used different COLORs to
draw the background. The four statements in line
2110 rotate the colors used in the background
through the registers in a "bucket brigade" man-
ner; the colors seem to be moving toward you.
Given the drawn background, it appears as though
you are moving forward through the trench. This
illusion of motion requires the use of three differ-
ent colors as a minimum. If there were only two
colors, they would appear to flicker back and forth
rather than move. The instructions in this line
will be used in almost every subroutine so that
this illusion oi motion is maintained.
This technie]ue is useful in many applications
- you can simulate many kinds of motion. If you
were to reverse the order of the instructions, you
would have the illusion of going backwards. Line
2120 is simply a short delay.
Another line that you will find throughout
the program is first used at line 5017. A = 74 +
PADDLE{0)/ 2.92 is the equation that limits the
motion of Player 0 on the screen. 74 is the farthest
left X location that Player 0 can move to. The range
of values for the PADbLE(O) is 0 to 228. Dividing
this range of values by 2.92 converts the largest
value of 228 to the rightmost location of Player 0
and makes the full left-to-right motion of the
Player a full turn of the PADDLE. This equation is
also put into every subroutine where the program
execution takes a noticeable amount of lime in
order to simulate continut)us motion.
The subroutine MOVE at line 5100 is a loiter-
ing loop that waits a random number of loops
until the first attack begins. When the number 50
is reached, program execution jumps to SELECT
at line 5200.
The SELECT subroutine picks the sequence
of the attackers from ATTACK IS through
A'ITACK4S. ATTACKS for the first wave was
initially called in line 1930. This routine randomly
picks one of the four attack sequences defined in
lines 54 and 60. An attempt to read the ninth ele-
ment in this string is TRAPped to line 5211 which
redraws the attackers and starts over.
Note this use of the TRAP instruction. It is
not meant simply to avoid a program crash, but
rather to perform an integral program function.
Rather than a RAM and time-consuming test or
loop, one simple statement is used.
Lines 5215-5240 erase the chosen attacker,
position Player I over the erased attacker, and
give some warning sounds. Line 5241 calls the
subroutine JOIN at line 5800. This routine adds
together the strings which are used to define the
X and Y positions of Player 1 as it moves from its
initial position to its attack position.
Special TRAPs
The strings are the AXIS and AYIS through AX8$
and AY8S that were defined back in the beginning
of the program. These are the X and Y coordinates
to be POKEd into PLX+ I and PLY + 1. They are
stored as groups of three numbers. These values
are read in lines 5260-5270. Note that bv using
TRAP here 1 do not have to keep track of tlie
number of elements in the string. And again in-
stead of some test or loop, a simple statement
is used. These strings are merely added together.
No matter what the sequence of the attack, the
last pattern is always the same, and the last set of
numbers in the string is always the same.
The ATTACK subroutine at line 5300 is where
the shooting occurs. The first call is for the sub-
routine PATTERN at line 5600. This subroutine
chooses among five possible X position patterns
and five possible Y position patterns. These are
the rest of the strings defined in the beginning of
the program. This independent choice of X and Y
patterns permits a total of 25 different attack
patterns.
In line 5315, the X and Y values for this attack
motion are read out in groups of three. In this
case, the TRAP is used to jump back to the PAT-
TERN subroutine call to pick another pair of
10^ COMPUTE! MayW83
and sofhere were keys
foriheAtari400.
.n the bcsinning there was the membrane keyboard.
So it was to be clone that Inhome Software would create a full-stroke
keyboard for the Atari 400 Home Computer and it would be called the B Key
400, and would sell for $119.95 U.S. funds.
The new B Key 400 was made so easy to install that the owner could do
it himself in a miraculous two minutes.
With the B Key 400 keyboard from Inhome Software, you will follow
into the land of professional home computers that are powerful, easy to
program and have a great capacity that can be made even greater with Inhome
Software 48K and 32K memory boards. It was done and it was good.
INHOIV/S
ADVANCING THE PROGRESS
Inhome Software Incorporated, 2485 Dunwin Drive. Mississauga. Ontario, L5L 1T1 (416) 828-0775. Atari is a trade mark of Atari Inc. Made in Canada
strings when the end of the STRING is reachoci.
This gives ctintinuouslv varying motion to the
attacker.
Lines 5324 and 5325 change the size of the
attacker as it comes "closer" or goes "farther
away." F and G are flags that control the firing
and motion of the missiles. It is worth examining
hou' these flags function.
F controls the attacker's missile firing. Other
than its housekeeping functit>n, the primary pur-
pose of the IF F = 0 is to fix the X and Y location at
the moment of firing so that the motion is calcu-
lated only from this point. After F is set to 1, these
statements are no longer executed. If they were,
the missile would weave back and forth in X and
Y in unison with the attacker. Behind the F= I
flag are the calculations that determine whether
the missile passes to the left or to the right. The G
flag performs a similar program function.
Lines 5350 and 5352 check for missile-to-
player collisions and direct action to the appro-
priate subroutine. Line 5355 clears the collision
registers.
HITYOU, HITME, HITUS
The HITYOU, HITME, and HITUS subroutines
introduce Players 2 and 3 as the explosions. In
HITYOU and HITME, these two players are se-
quentially put in the same ItKation as the hit
player. This sequence is controlled bv the TT vari-
able. Note that the two explosion shapes are the
same but of different colors. Also, when they are
called, they are placed one Y position different.
The purpose is tc) give some illusion of a dynamic
explosion.
Lines 5440 and 5540 move the hit player and
explosions off the screen. The logical truth state-
ments determine whether the hit player was to
the left or right of center when hit and then move
it off the screen to the left or right as appropriate.
Lines 5545 and 5547 cause the attacker and the
explosions to grow larger as they go by.
The significant difference in the two sub-
routines is that in HITYOU there is an additional
collision test in line 5560. This requires you to get
out of the way of the hit player as it rolls off the
screen. If you don't, you are also destroyed, and
both players roll off the screen. This is controlled
by the HITUS subroutine. Being hit by the at-
tacker's missile and by the damaged attacker
causes you to lose one life.
Good Practice
This is a quick review of a fairly complex program.
It exploits many of the Atari's features. The
method of reserving the Player/Missile Graphics
pages by moving RAMTOP lets the machine take
care of you and perhaps completes the official
Atari version of how to turn on the function.
/ loii'iu^ colors cn'iitc the illusion oj 3-D iihyiviiieiil in
"Starsliol."
40 J=66:PX=S
50 DIM ATTACK* (B) , AX5t < J ) . AYS* ( J) , AX
t (3*J) , AY* (3«J),APX1*(J) , APYJ* (J)
. APX* < J ) , APY* (J)
51 DIM AX4* ( J ) , AY4* (J) , APX2* ( J) , ftPY2
*<J) ,APX3*(J) ,APY3*(J) ,APX4*<J) ,A
PY4t ( J ) , APX5* f J) , APY5* ( J )
52 DIM AX3* ( J) , AY3* ( J ) , fiX2$ ( J) , AY2* (
J> ,AX6*(J> ,AY6*<J) ,AX7*(J) ,AY7*<J
) ,AY8*(J) ,AXS*(J) ,AXi*<J>,flYl*(J)
53 DIM PLAYER* ( 1 O) , ATTACKl *( B) , ATTftC
K2*(8) ,ATTACK3*C8) .ATTACK 4* (8)
54 ATTACK 2*= "376284 15": ATT ACK3*= " 286
47135": ATTACK 4*= "47613325"
60 ATTACK 1 *="546372ei ": PLAYER*^" 1 2
3 4 5"
61 AX5*=" 13 613 613513 413313 2131 130 129
12S127126124I22121121122123124125
126126"
62 AYS*=" 038037035034034034035037039
04 104 304 504 704 9 05 20S6059062065068
07 1074 "
6 3 AX4t=" 1 181201 22124 1261281301 32134
13 41 3 2130 1281 26 1261261 26 1261 26126
126126"
64 AY4*="03603403203002S030032034037
0 4 004 3 0 500570 6 3 070 07 6 08 2 0 80078 0 76
075074"
65 AX6*="156154152150 14814614414214 0
138136"
66 AY6*=" 033036034033034036038040042
040038"
6 7 AX 2*= "07808008 208403 6 0880 9 0 0920 94
096098"
68 AY2*= "038042044046048050052049046
0 4 2 0 3 8"
69 AX lt="058060062064066068070072074
076078"
7C^ AY 1S=" 03303503 1035033042046048046
042038"
7 1 AX 3*= "098 100 1 02 1 04 1 06 1 08 1 101 121 14
116 118"
7 2 AY3t=" 04004404804 604 401 2040038036
037038"
7 3 AX7*=" 176174172170168166164162160
158156"
7 4 A Y 7 * = " O 3 8 O 3 6 O 3 4 O 3 2 0 3 0 0 3 3 O 3 6 O 3 9 0 4 2
0 4 O 0 3 8"
75 AXa*=" 19619419219 0 18S1BS1S41821SO
1 7B176"
76 AY8*=" 040044048046044042040038036
106 COMPUTE May 1963
ATARI SINGS YOUR FAVORITE SONGS!!!
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036033"
83 APX 1*=" 1 261 20 1 1 4 1 1 O I 1 01 141 2012613
2138142142138132126120 114110 110 11
4120126"
84 AP Y 1 *= " O740770820'?0O95 1 OO 1 04 i 05 1 O
7 1091121141121 09 1071 05 1 04 1 0009509
0082077"
85 APX2«=" 1261 2B1 30 134 1381 421421 3613
0 124121113)1010710410711011812012
4126128"
36 APY2*="0740790S4 086088094 1001061 1
01 14 1 10108106 100094 03 7 08008008007
8076075"
87 APX3*=" 1261 30 134 138 1421461 421 381 3
4 13012612613013413814214414213813
4130126"
83 APY3*=" 07407407407407408208609009
3106114 120114 10609809008608207407
4 0 7 4 0 7 4"
89 APX4*="12613414213412611S110 110 12
613 414213 4126113110110 12613 414213
2126126"
90 APY4* ="074 07808208609208608207 807
4 0 78082086092096092 0SS034O8O07 607
2 O 7 2 O 7 4 "
9 1 APX5t=" 1261 32 138 144 150 156 162 156 15
0 1 44 1 38 1 321 26 1 20 1 16 11 O 1 04093 1 04 1 1
0 1 16 12 6"
92 APY54= " 07407006807007403008409009
61 02 1 06 1 020960 9 2086 08207 807607 4 07
Ci O 7 2 0 7 4 "
lOO BACKGR0UND=lOOOO: START=5000: MOVE
=5 100:SELECT=5200:ATTACK=S300:HI
THE=54 00:HITY0U=5500
110 PATTERN=5600; RESET=5700: J0IN=5S0
O: HITUS=S900
120 XSCR=6000: YSCR=6100: L0SS=6200: DI
SPLAY=6300: RESET 2= 64 00: ASELECT=6
5 0 O
1890 GOSUB 30000
1900 GOSUB BACKERDUND
1910 GOSUB START
1920 GOSUB DISPLAY
1930 GOSUB ASELECT
2000 REM CONTROL LOOP
2100 FOR IJK=1 TO 2 STEP 0
2110 TEMP=PEEK ( 710) : POKE 710,PEEK(70
9):P0KE 709, PEEK (70S) : POKE 70S,
TEMP
2120 Q=SIN(1)
2130 GOSUB MOVE
2900 NEXT UK
5000 REM START
5005 POKE 7OS,10:P0KE 709,0:POKE 710
,S6:POKE PLY,150:P0KE 53761,132
: REM 709, 152
5010 FOR 1=1 TO 8
5011 FOR J=0 TO 2
5016 TEMP=PEEK (710) :POKE 710,PEEK<70
9>:P0KE 709, PEEK<70Q) : POKE 708,
TEMP
5017 A = 74 + PADDLE (O) /2. 92:P0I<:E PLX,A:
POKE 53760, A-33
5019 COLOR J«I:IF J*I=4 OR J*I=0 OR
Jtl=8 OR J«I=12 OR J»I=16 THEN
COLOR 1
5020 PLOT 20*1-10, J: DRAWTO 20«I-11,J
5021 COLOR J«I:IF J»I=4 OR J»I=0 OR
J*I=a OR J»l=12 OR J«I=16 THEN
COLOR 2
5022 PLOT 20*1-8, J+3:DRAWT0 20»I-12,
J+3
5025 TEMP=PEEK (710) : POKE 710,PEEK(70
9): POKE 709, PEEK (70B) ;POKE 708,
108 COMPUIB May 1983
TEMP
5033 COLOR J«I:1F J*l=4 OR J«I=0 OR
J*I=B OR a*I=12 OR J*I=16 THEN
COLOR 3
5034 PLOT 20*I-S, J+6:DRAWTO 20*1-9, J
+6:PLOT 20* 1-12, J+6: DRAWTD 20*1
-11, J+6
5036 NEXT JiNEXT I
5090 RETURN
5100 REM MOVE
5105 FOR IJK=1 TO 2 STEP O
5110 TEMP=PEEK (710) : POKE 710,PEEK(70
9):POKE 709, PEEK (70S) -.POKE 708,
TEMP
5111 A=SIN ( 1 >
5120 A=74+PADDLE (O) /2. 92: POKE PLX,A:
POKE 53760, A-33
5130 RR=RR+1:IF RR=50 THEN GOSUB SEL
ECT: RR=INT (40«RND (O) } : POKE 5376
3, O: POKE 53761 , 132
5135 NEXT UK
5190 RETURN
5200 REM SELECT
5205 JJJ=JJJ+1
5210 TRAP 521 1 : R=VAL ( ATTACK* ( JJ J , J JJ
)):C0LOR 0:GOTO 5215:TRAP 40000
5211 GOSUB START: J J J=0: GOTO 5205
5215 FOR J=0 TO 2
5220 PLOT 20*R-10, J :DRAWTO 20«R-il,J
5223 TEMP=PEEK (710) :PDKE 710,PEEK(70
9): POKE 709, PEEK (70S> : POKE 708,
TEMP
5224 A=74+PADDLE (O) /2. 92: POKE PLX,A:
POKE 53760, A-33
5225 PLOT 20*R-S, 8-J : DRAWTO 20»R-9,8
-J:PLOT 20SR-12, 8-J : DRAWTO 20*R
-1 1 ,8-J
5230 NEXT J
5235 PLOT 20«R-8, 3: DRAWTO 20*R-12,3;
PLOT 20*R-8, 5: DRAWTD 20«R-12,5
5236 POKE PLX+1 , 36+20«R:P0KE PLY+1,3
8:PLOT 20*R-8, 4: DRAWTO 20*R-12,
4
5238 FOR Z=250 TO 50 STEP -50: FOR X=
15 TO 0 STEP -5:SOUND 3,Z,a,X:N
EXT X
5239 TEMP=PEEK(710) :POKE 710,PEEK(70
9):P0KE 709, PEEK (708) : POKE 70B,
TEMP
5240 NEXT Z
5241 GOSUB JOIN
5249 TEMP=PEEK (710) : POKE 710,PEEK(70
9):POKE 709, PEEK (708) : POKE 708,
TEMPrPOKE 53763,134
5250 A=86+PADDLE (O) /2. 92: POKE PLX,A:
POKE 53760, A-33
5255 FOR J=l TO 200
5260 TRAP 5280: X=VAL ( AX* ( J«3-2, J*3> )
: Y=VAL (AY* (J*3-2, J*3) ) :PDKE PLX
+l,X:POKE PLY+1,Y:TRAP 40OOO:PD
KE 53762, Y-20
5265 TEMP=PEEk (710) :POKE 710,PEEK(70
9): POKE 709, PEEK (708) : POKE 708,
TEMP
5266 A=74+PADDLE (0) /2. 92:PDKE PLX, A;
POKE 53760, A-33
5270 NEXT J
5280 GOSUB ATTACKiGOSUB RESET
5290 RETURN
5300 REM ATTACK
5305 GOSUB PATTERN
5310 FOR J=l TO 200
5315 TRAP 5305: X=VAL (APX* ( J«3-2, J«3)
) : Y=VAL (APY* (J«3-2, J«3) ) : TRAP 4
OOOO PLX,A:PaKE PL Y , 1 4B+RR : TT= 1
5321 TEriP = PEEK (7 lO) : POKE 710,PEEK(70 5432 IF TT=1 THEN POKE 53259, 3:P0KE
9):PDKE 709, PEEK (708 J : POKE 708, PL Y +3 , 1 44 +RR : POKE PL X +-3 , A : POKE
TEMP PLX,A:PDKE PL Y , 1 4S+RR : TT=0
5322 A=74+PADDLE <0) /2. 92; POKE PLX,A: 5435 TEMP=PEEK ( 7 1 0 ) : POKE 710,PEEK(70
POKE 53760, A-33 9): POKE 709 . PEEK < 709 >: POKE 708,
5324 IF Y>94 THEN POKE 53257, 1:P0KE TEMP
53258,1 5440 RR= ( RR + 7 ) : A= ( A + 7 ) * < A S 1 28 ) + < A-7 )
5325 IF Y<94 THEN POKE 53257, 0:POKE »(A<127):IF A<0 THEN J = 201
53258.0 544 1 POKE 53760, RR
5330 POKE PLX+l,X;POKE PLY+1,Y:P0KE 5442 IF A<0 OR A>255 THEN J=201
53762, Y-20 5444 IF 144+RR>2S5 THEN J=201
5333 IF F=0 THEN MlP=MYPHBASE+777+Y : 5490 NEXT J : GOSUB YSCR
POKE 53253, X:POKE M 1 P , 1 2 : M 1 PO = ri 5495 POKE PL Y + 2 , 229 : POKE PLY + 3,229:P
IP: T = riYPMBASE + 907 + Y: XT=X OKE 33761.0
533S IF F=0 THEN F=1:P0KE 53765,207: 5497 RETURN
POKE 53764,100 5500 REM HITYDU
5337 IF F=l THEN M I P=M 1 P+7 : XT= ( - 1 . 5+ 550S POKE 53763 , 1 5 : POKE MOPO,0:PQKE
XT) « ( XT< 128) + < 1 .5+XT) * ( XT>128) : M 1 PO , O : RR=0 : POKE M0P,0:PDKE MIP
POKE 53253, XT: POKE HIP, 12: POKE ,0
MiPO.O 5510 FOR J=l TO 200
5338 IF F=l THEN M 1 PO=M 1 P : POKE 53765 5531 IF TT=0 THEN POKE PL Y+2 , Y- 1 0 : PO
, 160: IF M1P5T--50 THEN F = 0;POKE KE PLX+2,X:POKE PLY+l,Y:POKE PL
MlPO,0 X+i,X:POKE PLX+3,0:TT=1
5339 TEMP = PEEK <7 10) : POKE 710,PEEK(70 5532 IF TT=1 THEN POKE PL Y + 3 , Y-9 : POK
9):P0KE 709, PEEK (708) : POKE 70B, E PLX+3,X:POKE PLY+1,Y:PDKE PLX
TEMP +1,X:PQKE PLX+2,0:TT=0
5340 IF G=0 THEN IF PTRIG(0)=0 THEN 5534 A=74 +PADDLE C O ) / 2 . 92 : POKE PLX, A:
M0P=MYPMBASE+76a+ 150: PT=SO+PADD POKE 53762, Y:PQKE 53760 , 4 1 +PADD
LE<0) /2. 29:P0KE MOP , 3 : 6= 1 : POKE LE(0)/2.92
53252, PT 5S40 Y = Y + 7 : X= < X + 3 . 5 ) * £ X > 1 28 ) + ( X -3 . 5 )
5342 IF e=l THEN MOPD=MOP : TO=MOP-70 : *£X<128)
G=2:P0KE 53765 , 1 5 : POKE 53764,50 5545 IF Y>94 THEN POKE 53257,1: POKE
5347 IF G=2 THEN M0P=M0P-7 : PT= < 3 . 5 +P 53253,1: POKE 53259,1
T) « (PT< 128)+ (-3.S+PT) * (PT>12B> : SS47 IF Y>130 THEN POKE 53257, 3:PaKE
POKE MOP, 3: POKE MOPCO 53258,3: POKE 53259,3
5349 IF G=2 THEN POKE 53252 . PT : MOPO= 5550 TEMP=PEEK ( 7 1 O ) : POKE 710,PEEK(70
MOP: POKE 53765, 160: IF MOP: TO TH 9): POKE 709 , PEEK ( 708 ): POKE 708,
EN G=0:POKE MOPO,0 TEMP
5350 IF PEEK (53256)=2 THEN GOSUB HIT 5560 IF PEEK ( 53260 )<: >0 THEN GOSUB HI
YOU TUS
5352 IF PEEK (53257) =1 THEN GOSUB HIT 5582 IF Y>255 THEN J=201
ME:POKE M0P0,0:P0KE MIPD.O 5584 IF X>255 OR X<0 THEN J=201
POKE 53273.0 5590 NEXT J : BDSUB XSCR
375 NEXT J 5595 POKE PL2+2,0:P0KE PLX+3,0:P0KE
POKE PLX , PADDLE (O) : POKE PLY,14B 53763,0
5395 RETURN 5597 RETURN
5400 REM HITME 5600 REM SELECT PATTERN
5405 POKE 53761 , IS: POKE M0P0,0:P0KE 5610 R= I NT ( 5*RND ( O ) ) + 1
MlPO,O:RR=0 5621 IF R=l THEN APX«=APX1*
5410 FOR J=l TO 200 5622 IF R=2 THEN APX»=APX2*
5412 IF TT=0 THEN POKE 5325B,3:PDKE 5623 IF R=3 THEN APX*=APX3«
PLY+2, 1 44+RR: POKE PLX+2,A:P0KE 5624 IF R=4 THEN APXS=APX4*
PLX,A:PQKE PL Y , 1 4B+RR ; TT= 1 5625 IF R=5 THEN APX*=APX5t
54 13 IF TT=1 THEN POKE 53259, 3: POKE 5626 TEMP = PEEK ( 7 1 O ) : POKE 7 10, PEEK (70
PLY+3, 144+RR: POKE PLX+3,A:POKE 9):P0KE 709 , PEEK ( 703 ): POKE 70B,
PLX, A: POKE PL Y , 1 48+RR : TT=0 TEMP
5415 TRAP 5410: X = VAL ( APX4 ( J »3-2. J*3) 5630 R= I NT ( 5 * RND ( 0 ) > + 1
) : Y = VAL ( APYt ( J *3-2, J *3) > : TRAP 4 564 1 IF R= 1 THEN APY« = APY1*
0000 5642 IF R=2 THEN APY«=APY2*
5421 TEMP=PEEK (710) : POKE 710,PEEK(70 5643 IF R=3 THEN APY*=APY3*
9): POKE 709, PEEK (70S) : POKE 708, 5644 IF R=4 THEN APY*=APY4*
TEMP 5645 IF R=5 THEN APY*=APY5*
5424 IF Y>94 THEN POKE 53257,1: POKE 5690 RETURN
53258. 1 5700 REM RESET
5425 IF Y<94 THEN POKE 53257, 0:POKE 5710 F=0:0=0:PaKE 53257, 0:POKE PLX+1
53258,0 ,0
5427 POKE PLX+1, X; POKE PLY+1,Y:PDKE 5790 RETURN
53762, Y+20 5800 REM JOIN
5430 IF TT = 0 THEN POKE 53258, 3:P0KE 5810 IF R=l THEN A X « = AX 1 * : A X * ( LEW ( A X
PLY+2, 144+RR:P0KE PLX+2,A:P0KE *)+l)=AX2*:AXt<LEN(AX«)+l)=AX3*
PLX+3,0:TT=1 :AX*(LEN(AX4)+1)=AX4*
5431 IF TT = 0 THEN POKE 53258. 3:PDKE 5812 IF R=i THEN A Y$ = AY 1 * : A Y"5 ( LEN ( AY
PLY+2, 1 44 +RR:POKE PLX+2,A:P0KE *)+l)=AY2*;AY4(LEN(AY*)+l)=AY3t
Mav1983 COMPUTE! 109
.-I O J ._!
5375
;so
58 1 5
5S1 7
5820
5822
5825
5830
5835
5837
5840
5842
5845
5B47
5870
5900
5905
5 9 1 O
593 1
5932
59 4 0
5950
5982
5984
5990
5995
5997
6000
60 10
6080
6090
6100
6120
6125
6130
6 180
6190
6200
62 lO
6220
6280
6290
6300
6305
63 lO
6320
6330
63 4 O
6350
AY4=AY3*:AY4(LEN(AY
AX*=AX4*
AX*=AX5*
AXS=AX6*
; AY*=AY4*
; AY*=AY5*
: AX* (LEN <fiX
AY*=AY6*:AY* (LEN (AY
:AYt(LEN(AY*)+l)=AY4«
IF R=2 THEN A X «=A X 2* : AX * ( LEN ( AX
*)+l>=AX3*:AX«(LEN(AX*)+l)=AX4*
IF R=2 THEN A Y « = A Y 2* : A Y * ( LE N ( A Y
t) +1)=AY3*: Ay« (LEN(AY«) +1 ) =AY4*
IF R = 3 THEN A X * = A X 3* : A X * ( L E N ( A X
« ) +1 ) =AX4»
IF R=3 THEN
S) + 1 ) =AY4S
IF R=4 THEN
IF R=5 THEN
IF R=6 THEN
6«) +1 } =AX5*
IF R=6 THEN
64) +1 >=AY5*
IF R = 7 THEN A X * = A X 7* : A X * ( LEN ( AX
«)+l)=AX6«:AX«(LEN(AX*)+l>=AX5*
IF R=7 THEN A Y«= A Y7* : A Y* ( LEN ( AY
»)+l)=AY6*:AY«(LEN(AYS)+l)=AY5*
IF R=a THEN AXt=AX8*: AX* (LEN ( AX
*)+l)=AX7*:AX*(LEN(AX*)+l)=:AX6*
:AX*(LEN(AX*)+1)=AX5*
IF R=8 THEN A Y*= A Y8* i A Y* ( LE N ( A Y
*)+l)=AY7S:AY*<LEN(AY*)+l)=AY6*
:AY*(LEN(AY»)-i-l)=AY5*
RETURN
REM HITUS
POKE 53763, 15: POKE MOPa,0:POKE
f1 IPD, O: RR = 0: POKE M0P,0:P0KE
FOR J=l TO 200
POKE PLY+2, Y-10: POKE PLX+2
KE PLY+1,Y:P0KE PLX+1,X
POKE PLY+3. Y-10: POKE PLX+3,A
KE PLY, Y: POKE PLX,A
Y=Y+7:X=(X+3.5)*(X>128)
t ( X< 128) : A= (A+3
. 5 ) * ( A < 1 1 2 )
TEMP=PEEK (7 10) : POKE 7 10, PEEK (70
9): POKE 709. PEEK ( 70a) : POKE 708,
TEMP
IF Y>255 THEN J=201
IF X >255 OR X<0 THEN J=201
NEXT J:6aSUB Y5CR
POKE PL2+2.0:P0KE PLX+3.0:P0KE
53763, 0
RETURN
REM XSCR
SCDRE=SCDRE+ 1 O
GDSUB DISPLAY
RETURN
REM YSCR
PLAYER* (2*PX- 1
PX=PX-1
IF PX=0 THEN GOSUB
GDSUB DISPLAY
RETURN
REM LOSS
IF SCORE>HSCR
GDSUB RESET2
GOSUB DISPLAY
RETURN
REM DISPLAY
POKE 53258, O: POKE 53259,0
? PLAYER*
? "SCORE: "^SCORE
? "HIGH SCORE: " : HSCR
IF PX=0 THEN ? " PUSH TRIGGER F
OR ANOTHER GAME";
IF PX=0 THEN IF PTRIG(0)=1 THEN
6350.: GOSUB RESET2: GOSUB ASELEC
MIP
X : FD
: PD
+ ( X-3. S>
5) * ( A>1 12) + ( A-3
?*PX-1 ) ='
LOSS
THEN HSCR=SCaRE
6360
6362
PLAYER*
"SCORE:
I SCORE
6364 ? "HIGH SCORE: " ; HSCR
6390 RETURN
6400 REM RESET2
6410 SCDRE=0: PLAYER*=" 1 2 3 4 5"
6430 PX=5
6490 RETURN
6500 REM ASELECT
6510 2Z=INT <4«RND (0) ) +1
6S20 IF ZZ=1 THEN ATTACK« = ATTACK 1 *
6522 IF Z2=2 THEN ATT ACK*= ATT ACK2*
6524 IF ZZ=3 THEN ATT ACK*= AT T ACK3*
6526 IF ZZ=4 THEN A T T flCK * = AT T AC K 4 *
6590 RETURN
lOOOO REM BACKGROUND
10005 FOR 1=0 TO 3:PDKE 708+1, OrNEXT
I
10007 COLOR 3: PLOT 0.20:DRAWT0 70,20
:DRAWTD 70,40:DRAWT0 90,40:DRA
WTO 90.20:DRAWT0 159,20
lOOlO COLOR 1:FQR 1=1 TO 2
10020 PLOT 0 , 20+ I : DRAWTO 70-I,20+I:D
RAWTO 70- I , 40+ I : DRAWTD 90+I,40
+1: DRAWTO 90+ I , 20+ I : OR A WTO 159
,20+I:NEXT I
10040 COLOR 2: FOR 1=1 TO 2
10050 PLOT 0 , 22+ I : DRAWTO 68-I,22+I:D
RAWTO 68-1 . 42+ I : DRAWTO 92+1.42
+I:DRAWTO 92 + I , 22 + 1 : DRA WTO 159
, 22+ I : NEXT I
10060 COLOR 3: FOR 1=1 TO 3
10070 PLOT O , 24+ I : DRAWTO 66- I, 24+1 :D
RAWTO 66- I , 44+1 : DRAWTO 94+1.44
+I:DRAWTO 94 + I . 24 + I : DRA WTO 159
, 24+ I : NEXT I
1O08O COLOR 1:FDR 1=1 TO 3
10090 PLOT O, 27+ I : DRAWTO 63-I,27+I:D
RAWTO 63- I , 47+1 : DRAWTO 97+1,47
+I:DRAWTD 97 + I , 27+ I : DRA WT 0 159
, 27+ I : NE XT I
lOlOO COLOR 2:F0R 1=1 TO 5
lOllO PLOT O, 30+ I : DRAWTO 6O-I.30+I:D
RAWTO 60-1 , 50+ I : DRAWTO 100+-I,5
0+-I: DRAWTO 1 00+- 1 , 30+ I: DR AWTD 1
59,3 0+I:NEXT I
10120 COLOR 3:FDR 1=1 TO 5
10130 PLOT O , 3S+ I : DRAWTO 55-I,35+I:D
RAWTO 55- I , 55+1 : DRAWTO 105+I,5
5+I:DRAWTO 1 05+ I , 35+ I : DRAWTD 1
59,35+I:NEXT I
10140 COLOR 1:F0R 1=1 TO 7
10150 PLOT 0 . 40+ I : DRAWTO 50- I, 40+1:0
RAWTO 50- I , 60+ I : DRAWTD 110+I,6
0+I:DRAWTO 1 1 0+ I , 40 + I : DR AWTD 1
59,40+I:NEXT I
10160 COLOR 2:'"0R 1 = 1 TO 7
10170 PLOT O, 47+ I : DRAWTD 43-I,47+I:D
RAWTO 43- I , 67+1 : DRAWTO 117+1,6
7+I:DRAWT0 1 1 7+ I , 47+ I : DRAWTO 1
59, 47+ I ; NEXT I
lOlBO COLOR 3: FOR 1=1 TO 9
10190 PLOT O, 54+1 : DRAWTD 36-I,54+I:D
RAWTO 36-1 . 74+1: DRAWTO 124+1,7
4 + I:DRAWT0 1 24 + I , 54 + I : DR AWTD 1
59, 54+1 : NEXT I
102O0 COLOR 1:FDR 1=1 TO 12
10210 PLOT O, 63+1 : DRAWTO 27-I,63+I:D
RAWTO 27-1 , 83+1 : DRAWTO 1^^3+1,8
3+I:DRAWTO 133+1, 63+I:DRAWTO 1
59,63+I:NEXT I
10220 COLOR 2:FOR 1=1 TD 20
J0230 PLOT O. 75+1 : DRAWTD 14,75+I:PLD
T 159, 75+1 : DRAWTO 145,75+I:NEX
T I
10300 RETURN
110 COMPUTEI •-■:, 1=)53
>0000
500 10
30020
30204
3020i
3020S
302 10
30 2 1 2
3 0 2 14
30230
3 O 2 3 2
30236
3023B
30 2 4 0
3 C> 2 4 2
30244
30246
30248
30250
30252
30254
302S6
30258
30260
30262
30276
30278
30282
30283
30285
30287
RE
6R
16
* t
'-y
c
PO
LA
PO
IN
PO
PM
PO
5
*P
PO
PL
MY
* t
PO
7 0
PE
P
PO
1 1
RE
NE
FO
I
FO
XT
DA
DA
10
, 1
DA
DA
20
24
DA
69
74
DA
36
DA
25
O,
DA
77
, 1
DA
76
DA
6
S =
PL
PO
LL
FO
E +
RE
*
DA
6,
FO
AS
TT
DA
. 4
M «
APH
: 6R
* t 1
. *:>
OMB
KB
Y&M
KE
E, P
KE
BAS
KE
3 !2 5
LAY
KE
DV
PMB
NEW
KE
6, 4
EK (
M D
KE
, 29
M *
* « *
R I
, A:
R I
I
TA
21 .
14 1
TA
9, 2
33
TA
54,
,46
TA
5, 1
4 , 7
TA
.O,
, 25
TA
,6,
53
TA
3,6
6^ 1
TA
, 20
74,
TA
TA
«*« tPM
ICS 7: P
APHICS
6 PAGE
. -> .. <: 9
AT"
53277,
ISS****
559, 62:
LAY, MIS
54279. P
E IS NO
53256, 3
8 , O : P 0 K
SIZES*
623, 33:
ER PFt*
ASE=256
Pti BAS
7 0 4, 134
6 : p a h; E
1 O 6 ) + 4 )
ATA* t *«
7 10, 52:
:PDKE 7
* t#«VBL
t t
= 1536 T
NEXT I
=1774 T
SETUP**** «
D K; E 1 O 6 , P E E K ( 1 O 6
7: POKE 752, 1 : REM
RESERVE*****
SPACESiPREPARE F
3:REM *t*«*GRACTL
*
REM *«**tDMACTL.
, NORM FIELD*****
EEK ( 106 ) : REM * * t
W RAMTOP*****
:POKE 53257, 0:P0
E 53259, 0:REM **
* ***
REM *«*«*PRIDRIT
«**
*PEEK < 106) : REM *
E*** **
:POKE 705,24:P0K
707,54:P0KE 1788
: REM ****«START
*
POKE 709,58: POKE
12. O
ANK INTERUPT RGU
0 1706;READ A:PO
D 1787: POKE I . 0:
162, 3, 189, 244, 6, 2 40, 89,
24 0, 6, 240, 83, 141, 254, 6,
255, 6,14:
6,24, 169,
) -
*
OR
P
IL
*«
KE
**
Y
**
E
(
OF
7
TI
KE
NE
56
lO
o,
04
53, 6, 24, 109,252, 6, 133,
206, 189, 24 0, 6, 133,203, 173
6.13 3,205, 189,248,6, 17Ci,2
,255
6, 144, 16, 168, 177, 203, 145,
69, O, 145, 203, 136, 202, 2 0 8,
6, 37
6, 160, O, 177, 20 3, 145, 205, 1
145,203,2 00,202,2 08,244, 1
3,6
173, 254, 6, 157, 240, 6, 189, 2
240, 48, 133, 203, 24, 138, 141
6
109, 235, 6, 133, 204, 24, 173,
,109, 252,6, 133, 206, 189, 24
33
205, 189, 248, 6, 170, 160, O, 1
3. 14 5, 205, 200, 2 0 2, 2 08, 24 8
253,6
169, 0, 157, 236, 6, 202, 48, 3,
6, 76, 98, 228,0,0, 104, 169
7, 162,6, 16 0,0, 32. 92, 228, 9
USR ( 1696)
X=53248:PLY=17a0:PLL=1784
KE PLL,9:POKE PLL+1,8:PDKE
+2,26:PDKE PLL+3,26
R I=MYPMBASE+1024 TO MYPMB
1032:READ A:POKE I,A:NEXT
M ***««DEFENDER PLAYER 0*»
AS
I :
t*
!4,24,60,60, 126. 255. 126. 3
MB
tA
TA
6
R 1=0 TO 7: READ A: POKE MYP
E+1 280+I , A: NEXT I:REM «***
ACKER PLAYER I*****
TA 204,204,204,252,252,48,
8
30299 REM * * » * *EX PLOS I ON PLAYER 2*»«
«*
30300 FOR I=HYPMBASE+1280+256 TO MYP
MBASE+256+1305: READ A:POKE I, A
:NEXT I
30305 DATA 24,36,80,52,90,52,105,93,
170, 237, 181, 106, 253, 94. 171, 246
, 173, 85, 44, 90, 116, 44, 52, 44, 24,
8
30309 REM « * * « *E XPLOS I ON PLAYER 3««»
«*
30310 RESTORE 30305:F0R I=«YPMBASE+1
280+512 TO MYPMBASE+1305+512: R
EAD A:POKE I,A:NEXT I
30590 RETURN
32000 SAVE "D: STARSHDT. 7" : STOP
32001 LIST "D2: STARSHaT.7" : STOP t
48
«e5sr-"-;-cecABo '•
95
, pciniet
conl.o. co'W
212A
560.00
^%i% ^^_£^ t4-l51 ^^•'^]^
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HAPPY COMPACTOR PROGRAM
Combines self bootmg programs which reside one per disk into one disk with
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User friendly program to generate source disks with custom track format.
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-ArARI£ia,i,[jj,I.-r,>. .,■ ATA-i I
Mavises COMPUTE! Ill
Atari CX85
Numerical
Keypad
Charles Brannon, Program Editor
Tile new Atari CX85 Numerical
Kevptid is an add-on, tLMi-kev
number pad (adding-machine
style) with seven additional func-
tion kcvs. Its primary use is to
make it easier to type in num-
bers. The Keypad was originally
developed for use with the Book-
keeper software package, but is
now available separately.
Seventeen-Key
"Joystick"
The kevpad plugs into the sec-
ond joystick port. Using it from
your program could be pretty
trickv, except that Atari provides
a handler program that reads the
keypad like a jovstick and causes
it to respond like the built-in
keyboard. With the handler pro-
gram, you can immediately use
the kevpad in almost any pro-
gram, including those you write
in BASIC. It's especially valuable
for VisiCalc, where vou are con-
stantly working with numbers.
The handler program is provided
only on disk.
To use the keypad, you boot
the handler diskette first r then
insert your applications disk
(such as VisiCalc). The handler
loads into a usually unused area
of memory ($0600, page six).
This conflicts with some pro-
grams, especially machine lan-
guage routines that also need
page six. The handler disk also
112 COMPUTi! MavWa3
contains the assembler source
code vi the handler and an alter-
nate version of it that lets you
define your own function keys.
It's a well-made peripheral.
It has an extra-wide zero key
and a raised bump on the "5"
key; both are accounting stan-
dards. The keys have a nice feel,
similar to the Atari 800 keyboard.
The underside of the unit has
three notches to let you position
the cord conveniently. One of its
best features is one-touch cursor
control provided by default on
the four "definable function"
keys. It also has a minus key,
decimal, and RETURN key
(labeled ENTER). The unit is
light, but it won't tip over.
Function Keys
To change the key values re-
turned bv the keypad, you can
use the POKE command in
BASIC to change locations using
an alternate form of the handler
program. You load the alternate
handler from DOS, exit to BASIC
with SYSTEM RESET, and POKE
in replacement values. If you
POKE in a value of 255, the func-
tion keys will behave like the
console keys START, SELECT,
and OPTION.
You could change the four
functii)n keys to arithmetic sym-
bols for a four-function calculator
program. Or, for typing in pro-
gram listings, vou could change
the period key (or the ENTER
kev) to a comma, and you'd have
a high-speed way of entering
DATA statements. A keyboard
overlav is provided to let you
label the functions.
If vou want to change the
keypad's functions drastically,
or relocate the handler in mem-
ory, you can modifv the provided
source code (machine language).
The source code was written
with the Atari Macro Assembler
(AMAC), so you'll need the Pro-
gram/Text Eciitorand AMAC to
edit it (both are available
from APX, the Atari Program
Exchange).
Documentation
The Numeiical Kevpad comes
with two manuals: a user guide
and technical notes. The user
guide is adequate for setting up
and using the keypad for its pri-
mary uses.
The technical notes are a
laudable attempt to provide the
intermediate to advanced user
with solid information. A
schematic of the keypad is even
provided, along with theory of
operation, suggested changes,
and a listing of the handler
routine. Since the VIC and
Commodore 64 use an Atari-
compatible joystick port, the
technical notes mav even permit
vou to adapt this versatile
peripheral to the Commodore
computers.
CXS5 Ntiitwriail Kei/jUhi
Atari, Inc.
1196 Borrci.>ns Aiviiiic
Suuiii/vnlc, CA 940S6
SU4'.95
Atari' f new plii^i-iii kc[/pnd.
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LellermanlC D) $19
My First Alphabel (D) $26
Wordmaket (C, D| $19
Spelling Genie (CO) $19
Word Search Generator(D( $19
Compuread (C)S17,(D)S23
AstroquolES (C) $13, (D)$19
Memory Builder/
Concentralion (C)$13,(D)S19
Lers Spell (C) $13
Spelling Builder (C)$16,(D| S20
Do-lt-Vourself Spelling (C) $16
S.A.T. College Board Prep. {01 S89
Story Builder/
Word Master (C)S13, (D)$19
WhafsDifleren) (C)$13, (D)$19
Analogies |CI$13, (D)$19
Preli!ie5(D) S26
Vocabulary Builder 1 (C)$13, (D)$19
Vocabulary Builder 2 {Cl$13, (D($19
Mini-Crosswords (C| $13, (D)$19
Word Scramble Grades 1-4 (C) $13
Fishing ForHomonyms(C) $13
Hidden Words 4 Levels (C) $16
Snooper Troops #1 (D) $32
Snooper Troops #2 (D| $32
Story Machine{D) $23
Word Race (D) $1?
Claim 10 Fame/Spons Derby $15
Crossword Magic (D) $34
A Ipti abet Arcade (C)$15.(D)$19
Funbunch (D)
Elem $25
Inlermediate $25
High School (SAT) $26
Time Bomb (C)$13, (D) $19
Snake-0-Nyms $25
Skywriters PoprSpell $25
/C" — «K=20 ^^
^ commodore
Pre-School
The Sky Is Falling (CT) $23
Mole Attack (CT) $23
Home Babysitter $23
Math
Sky Math (C) $12
Space Division .$12
Bingo Speed Malh(CT1 $23
Number Crunch (CT) $27
Number Chaser $1'
Number Gulper $1V
*** BOOKS ***
KIDS AND THE ATARI $18
KIDS AND THE VIC $18
PROGRAMMERS REF. GUIDE(VIC) $14
ELEMENTARY COMMODORE S14
COMPUTERS FOR PEOPLE $ 8
GAMES FOR THE ATARI S 8
DE RE ATARI $19
ADVENTURE HINT BOOKS S 8
6502 ASSEM. LG. PROG $16
SOME COMMON BASIC BASIC PROGRAMS $14
YOUR ATARI COMPUTER $16
ATARI ASSEMBLER— INMAN $12
ATARI GAMES AND RECREATION $14
ATARI PILOT FOR BEGINNERS $12
VISICALC BOOK — ATARI EDITION $14
ATARI BASIC — R. L. ALBRECHT $ 8
Computer Outlet
Park Place — Upper Level 1095 E. Twain — (702) 796-0296 Las Vegas, Nevada 89109
Call Toll Free 800-634-6766 Order Line
We accept Major Credit Cards Mon.-Fri. 8 A.M.-6 R M. Sat. 9 A.M.-5 P. M.
Music
Rhyme* Pitch $26
Player Piano (C, D) , , , . - $19
Keyboard Organ (CD) $19
Musical Computer— Music Tutor(D),. $13
Music 1— Terms and Notation (D) . . ..$26
Advanced Music System (D). _ . .$25
Music Composer (CT) $25
Jerry White's Music Lessons (C) $20
Magic Melody Box .$T4
Telling Time
Hickory Dickory (C, D) $13
Social Studies and Geography
Earth Science (D) $26
Flags ol Europe (Dl $19
Presidentso(lheU.S.(C, D) $13
Astro Word Search (C| $13, (0) $19
States and Capitals (C) $12
European Countries & Capitals (C) . ..$12
Computer Stocks and
Bonds (C)$12,(D)$15
Eiementary BiolOBy(D) $26
Frogma5ter[0) $19
Starware(D) $19
Mapware(D) $19
British Heritage Jigsaw
Puzzles .--.$22
European Scene Jigsaw Puzzles (C) . .$22
Geograpliy (0) $26
Programming Techniques
Pilot (Cons, or Educator) . . (C) $59, (D) $99
InvilationtoProg #2(C1 $22
Invitation to Prog. *3(C1 $22
Tricky Tutorials— Santa Cruz
TT«1 Display Lists (CD) $1?
TT #2 Horiz/Verl, Scrolling (C, Dl - . . $17
TT#3 Page Flipping (CD) $17
TT #4 Basics of Animation (C, D) , . - $1 7
TT #5 Player Missile Graptiies (C, D) $24
TT #6 Sound and Music (C. D) $17
TT »7 DOS UlHilies(O) $24
Page 6 S20
The Next Step $27
Typing
Master Type (D) $27
Touch Typing (C) $19
Type Attack (CD) $26
Foreign Languages
Alan Conversational Languages
French, Spanish. German, Italian (C) $45
Astro Word Search [Specify
Spanish or FrenchI (C) $13, (D)$19
Music
VIC Music Composer (CT) $29
HES Synlhfisound (CT) $49
Language Arts
Super Hangman (C) 314
SimonrHess (C) $13
Concentration (C) $13
Home Babysitting $23
Social Studies/Science
Visible Solar System $23
Reaganomics(CT) $27
Programming Techniques
Intro to Basic Prog, i $22
Intro to Basic Prog. II $22
Programmers aid Cart $45
Turtle Graphics/Hess (CT) $29
Jl^ ATARI NEW LOWER PRICES
TOP SELLERS
Atari
1200 XL . Call
800 48K $489
400 16K .$209
410 Becordef . , .$ 72
810 Disk Drive . . $419
825 Printer . , .$569
830 Modem $145
850 Inlerface $159
481 Enlertainer $64
482 Educator S1 10
483 Programmer $ 52
484 Communiealor $289
e53 16KRam S 74
Thff Bookkeeper Kii $165
ATARI Software
CX4104 Mailmg Lisl $ 19
CX404 Word Processor $102
CXL4007 Music Composer I 42
Programming 2 S 3 $ 22
Cor^versatlonal Languages ...,,- - $ 42
CX40ie Pilot $ 55
CX405 Pilot $92
CXL4003 Assembler Editor J 42
CX8126 MiCfOSOll Basic $ 62
CXL4022 PacMan $ 30
CXB130 Caverns o1 Mars 128
CXL4020 Centipede - $ 30
CXL40O6 Super Breaklut $26
CXL4008 Space Invaders S 26
CXL40O9 Computer Cdess ,. $26
CXL4011 star Haiders $30
CXL4012 Missile Commanci ... , $26
CXL4013 Asleroids $26
The Bookkeeper $102
Home Fiifing Manager $36
Atari Speed Reading S 54
My First Alphabet $26
Juggles House(D.C) $ 22
Juggles Rainbow ID, Cl . .$ 22
Home Manager Kit $55
Family Finance $ 36
Time Wise $ 23
Galaxian S 30
Delender . . $ 30
Oix J 30
Dig Dog $30
ETHomePhone .,., $ 34
Alan Wiiter $55
Business & Utilities
Visicalc $169
Mail Merge $ 20
DataPerlecI $ ?5
Letter Perlecl $105
TexIWuard ,$ 65
Datasm65 2.0 $ 59
File Manager 800 + $65
Syn Assembler $ 34
Page 6 $20
Atari World $39
KOOS ,,., S 59
Micropainter S 23
Color Print S 27
Lisp Interpreter S 79
Bishops Sguare $20
Graphic Master S 27
Graphic Generator $ 17
Basic Compiler $ 65
Computans Financial Wizard S 45
Color Accountant $ 55
Datalink S 27
Filelt2Sysiem $ 34
Diskelie Inventory System $ 17
P, M P Properly Management $179
Programming Techniques
Display Lisis $ 1'
Horii^Veil Scroll S 17
Page Flipping $ 17
Basics of Animation $ 17
Player Missile Graptrics $24
Sound S 17
Data Files $ 24
Temple ot Apshai S 27
Raster Blasler i 20
Apple Panic $ 20
Crosslire $ 20
Thresnold $ 27
Mousekallaek $ 23
Kraiy Stiootoul $ 34
Deadline $ 34
Tumble Bugs $ 20
Pool 1.5 $ 23
Ricochet $ 15
Empire ol the Overmind $ 23
Wiz & Princess $ 22
Mission Asteroid ..,...,...,.$ 17
Ali Baba& the Forly Thieves $ 22
The Shanered Alliance $ 27
Canyon Climber $ 20
Stioolmg Arcade $ 20
Pacific Coasi Higttway $ 20
Clowns & Balloons $ 20
Preppie $ 20
RearGuard , . - $ 17
Lunar Lander . , $ 17
War $17
Star Warrior $ 27
Dragon's Eye S 20
Crush.Crumblei Chomp $ 20
Jawbreaker $ 20
Zofk I , J 27
Zofkll J 27
Soltporn Adventure $ 20
Deluxe Invaders $ 23
Chicken $ 23
Nautilus $ 23
Rescue at Rigel $ 20
Frogger S 23
Choplilter S 23
Curse of Ra $ 15
Ghost Encounters $ 20
Ulysses and The Golden Fleece .... $ 23
Battle of Shilofi S 27
Tigers in Ihe Snow $ 27
Traci< Atlack S 20
Shamus ,S 23
Picknick Paranoia S 23
Claim Jumper S 23
Embargo $ 34
Firebird $ 34
Cyclod $20
Spare Eggs $ 20
Sneakers $ 20
Snake Byte $ 20
*** SPECIALS OF THE MONTH ***
ELEPHANT DISKS (BOX) $20
HAYES SMARTMODEM $209
MOSAIC 32K RAM S 89
RAMDfSK(128K) $399
AMDEK COLOR I MONITOR $309
PERCOM DOUBLE DENSITY DRIVE $515
NEC 8023A PRINTER $459
BASIC A + (OSA + INCLUDED) $ 59
FLIP N' SORT DISKETTE BOX $ 21
(Holds 50 Diskettes)
FLIP-SORT CARTRIDGE BOX $ 21
(Holds 10 Atari Computer Cartridges)
MOSAIC 64K RAM $149
80 COLUMN BOARD<ATARI) $279
ALL APX SOFTWARE $15% TO 20% OFF
PERCOM SINGLE DENSITY DRIVE $409
Computer Outlet
Park Place — Upper Level
1095 E. Twain — (702) 796-0296
Las Vegas, Nevada 89109
caiiToii 800-634-6766 °^'o'my"'
Information Order Inquiries (702) 369-5523
We accept Major Credit Cards
Mon.-Fri. 8 A.M.-6 P.M.
Sat. 9 A.M.-5 RM.
Dealer Inquiries Invited
NEW
ATARI
King Arthur's Heir (D) $ 20
Escape from Vuncan's tsle(D) $ 20
Crypt of the Undead |0) $ 20
The Nightmare(D| $ 20
Danger in Drindisti(D,q $ 15
Armor Assault (D) $ 27
Monster Maze (CT) .$ 27
Alien Garden ICT) $ 27
Plattermania (CT| $ 27
David's Midnight Magic |D) $ 23
StarBlazer(D) $ 22
Slellar Shuttle (D,C) $ 20
Genetic Drift |D, C| , . . $ 20
Labyrinth (D.C) $ 20
Serpiniine(O) $ 23
SeaFoii(D) $ 20
Spell Wizard (0) $ 53
Sands of Egypt |D) $ 27
Pool 400 (CT) $ 27
Speedway Blast |CT) $ 27
K-ra;yKritters(CT) $ 34
K-Star Patrol (CT) $ 34
K-Hazy Anliks(CT) $ 34
Crossword Magic ID) $ 34
Master Type . , $ 27
Gorf (Dl $27. (CT) $ 30
Wizard Of Wor (D|$17. (CT)$ 30
Cyborg (Dl $ 23
Gold Rush (Dl $ 23
Sandits(D) $ 23
Way Out (Dl $27
Fast Eddy(CT) $ 24
Wo/Id War I (CT) $ 24
Beanie Bopper(CT) $ 24
TheCosmic Balance(D) $ 27
Miner 2049er(CT) $ 34
Al lac k at E P-CYG-i (D| $22, (C) $ 20
ChessfD) J 45
Checkers (D) s 34
Odin(D| $ 34
Snooper Troops #1 (D) $ 30
Snooper Troops #2 (0) $ 30
Slory l»lachine(D) $ 23
Face Maker (D) $ 23
HauntedHill (0)$20.(C)$ 17
Trivia Trek (D) $20
Datafink(D) $ 27
Space Shuttle (D) $ 20
Jerry While's Music Lessons (0,C) . .S 20
SwiltyTach Master (D)$20. (C|$ 17
Apocalypse (D.C) $ 23
Raptillian(D. C) .- $ 23
Kid Grid (D,C) $ 20
Aliencounier(Face Flash) (D.C) $ 26
TheJ3rGamefChaoe(D, C> $ 26
GulpfArrow Graphics (DC) $ 26
Golf Classic'Compubar $26
Frenzy/Flip Flop(D, C) $26
Battling Bugs(Concenlration (D, C) . .$ 26
Sutjmarine Commander (CT) $ 34
J umbo Jet Pilot (CT) $ 34
Soccer (CT) $ 34
Kickback (CT) $34
Darls(C) $ 22
Pool(Cl $ 22
Dominoes and Cribbage(C( $ 22
Pig Pen (D) $ 20
StarcroSS(D) $ 27
Zork IIIiD) - $27
Journey to Ihe Planets (D, C) $ 20
fyloonShutHB(D) $ 27
Moon Patrol (C) $ 17
Normandie(D, C| $ 27
Zaxxon (D, C) $ 27
Jugg(er(D) $ 20
Survival of the Fittest .$ 27
Baseball, (D)$23,(C)$ 20
Sentinel I |D)$23,(C)$ 20
The Guardian of Gorm . , (Dl $23, (C) $ 20
Miner 2049er(CT) $34
Jeepers Creepers (D) $ 20
Snapper (D) $ 20
Twerps (0) S 23
Flip Out (D) $ 20
The Birth oi the Ptioenix $ 16
Protector II (D)$23.(C)$ 29
APPLE
SPECIALS
Business
Scfeenwfiler II S S2
Visicalc3.3 ..$165
Visischedule . , , S199
Visitfena/Visiplot *199
The Wora Handler S129
Magic Window ii . _ i 95
Magic Mailer t 45
Magic Words S *5
Real Eslaie Analjzer II S119
Supercaic ■ .5165
PFS: Reporl(New) - .$59
PFS; . S 79
PFS: Graph S 79
TheGeneral Manager S 97
D.B Maslfif - . .$145
Pascal Programmer S 89
Pie Writer i 95
Wordstar J219
Datafax iiJ9
Dalalink I 66
The Home AccouBlanI S 4B
Payroll Manager --.$199
Pie Wrilei/Mulli 80 column S 95
Pro.Easywriter/Mail Combo . $209
EneculiveBrielrng System S139
The Sensible Speller S 79
Mail Merge $159
Woidslal (French] , $299
Wordstar ISpanistil $299
Spellslar $119
Calcstar . . - $119
First Class Mail $49
EZ Ledger % i5
Ta< Manager i 99
TheDichonary i 65
Versawriter Pak t S 27
Versawritei PaK2 $ 27
Personal Investor -....*-....$ 95
General Ledger $239
Accounts Receivable .^ -i $239
Accounts Payable $239
Executive Secretary $159
Executive Speller S 55
Utilities
TASC Compiler $119
Basic Compiler - $65
Dala(a« -1139
Datalink S 65
Link Video Apple II $105
Link Video Apple III $139
Pascal Tutor $89
Pascal Programmer S 89
LISA 2 5 S 55
Bagot Tucks $ 27
A L D S $89
SAM S 85
Super Disk Copy III S 20
The Artist $ 65
3.DSupergraphics S 27
Program Line Etlitor 3 27
FRIENDLY SERVICE
COMMODORE VIC 20
NEW
Education
Planetary Guide
$ 23
Star Gaiers Guide
S 22
Astro Quoles
$ 17
Juggles Rainbow
S 30
Bumble Games
S 39
Bumble Plot
S 39
Gertrudes Secrets
S 49
ueiliudesPuJjIes
S 49
Rocky s Boots
S 49
Srsuopcr Troops m
J 30
Snooper Troops »2
% 30
Story Maker
i 26
Face Maker
S 26
Compu-Read
S 23
Spelling Bee w/Reading Primer
$ 27
AlgeOra 1
$ 34
Fractions
S 34
Decimals
$ 34
Master Type
$ r7
Type Attack
S 27
Wordrace
$ 17
Dueling Digits
$ 20
SAT Word Attack
S 34
New Step Oy Step
$ 59
Delia Drawing
S 45
Harcourl Braces A T Series
S 59
Creative Software
Black Hole(CTl $36
Trasliman |CT> $36
AslroblitKCTl $36
City Bomber & Minefield (CT) $20
Apple Panic (CT) $36
ChoplHier ICTi $36
Serp8nline(CT) $36
Videomania(CT1 $36
Terraguard (CT) $36
Thorn EMI
River Rescue (CT) $29
VIC Music Composer (CT) $29
Automated Simulations
Rescue at Higel (C) $20
Ricochet (C) $15
Monster Maze (CT) $27
Syyord o( Fargoat $27
Spectravlsion
Cave In(CT) $27
Number Crunch (CT) $27
Reaganomics(CT) $27
Tronlx
Galactic Blitz (C) $17
Swarm (C) $20
Sidewinder (C) $20
HES Software
VtCForth(CTl $45
HES Mon (CTl $29
Turtle Graphics (CT) $29
HES Writer (CT) $29
Aggressor (CT) $29
ShamusjCT) $29
Protector (CT) $33
Synthesound {Music Synthesizer)
(CT) $49
Skier (Cl $16
MazBof Mikor(C) $15
Tank Ware (C) $15
Victrek(C|.. , , $15
Pinball(C) . .$13
Simon (Cl ..$13
FuelPirates(C) - . .$13
PakBomber (C) $13
Laser Blilz(C) $15
Tank Trap (Cl , . .$15
Concentration (C) $13
0am Bomtjer (C) $13
*** SPECIALS OF THE MONTH ***
SLAGH24K MEMORY BOARD — VIC 20 $145
VERBATIM DISKS (BOX) S 27
HAYES SMARTMODEM 1200 S499
WICO TRACKBALL $49
WICO JOYSTICK $23
WICO JOYSTICK DELUXE $ 26
WICO FAMOUS RED BALL JOYSTICK $ 24
CARDCO 6 SLOT EXPANSION MOTHER BOARD S 79
CARDCO 3 SLOT EXPANSION MOTHER BOARD $ 39
CARDRITER LIGHT PEN (VIC 20) $ 29
US! AMBER MONITOR (12") $169
KIDS ANDTHE VIC (BOOK) S 18
KIDS AND THE ATARI (BOOK) $ 18
IN-HOME'S ATARI 400 KEYBOARD S 99
Computer Outlet
=^f';J"°" 800-634-6766 °'tr,t^""
Information & Order Inquiries (702) 369-5523
ORDEBmO INPOHMATION AND TERMS:
For Fast Delivery send castiier cAtecKs. money orders or direct banh wire trans-
fers. Personal and company checks atlow 3 weeks to clear, C.O,D. orders ($3.00
minimum) and I'/aOlall orders over S300. School purchase orders welcomed- Prices
reflect a cash discount only and are sub/ect to change. Please enclose your phone
number with any orders. Shipping — Software fSl.SO minimum) Snipping — Hard-
ware (please call). Foreign orders. APO A FPO orders — SW minimum and 15% of
ail orders aver $tOO. Nevada residents add 5^/*% sales tax. All goods are new and
include factory warranty. Due to our low prices, all sales are final- All returns must
have a return authorization number. Call 702-369-5523 to obtain one before returning
goods lor replacement. All returned merchandise is sutsiecl to a restocking fee and
must come with their original packaging in order to be accepted.
NO returns permitted after n days from shipping date
^i commodore
VIC 20 $139
VIC 1530 Datasetle $ 59
VIC 1541 Ois)( Drive $299
VIC 1525 Graphics Printer $329 .
VIC 12103K Memory Expander $ 34
VIC 1 1 10 BK Memory Expander $ 52
VIC1111 16K Memory Expander $ 89
VIC 1011 RS 232 Terminal Inlertace. .$ 43
VIC 1211 Super Expander .$59
VIC 1212 Programmers Aid Cartridge $ 45
VIC 1213 Vicmon Machine Language
Monitor S 45
VL 102 Introduction to Basic
Programming $ 21
VT 106A Recreation Pack $ 45
VT 107 A Home Calculation Pack ...$45
VT 164 Programmable Character Set $ 12
VIC 18(XtVicmodem $ 89
VIC l31IJoyst(ck $ 8
VIC1312 Game Paddles $ 16
VM Programmers Reference Guide. .$ 14
VIC Software
Avenger $ 23
Superslot $ 23
Super Alien S 23
Jupiter Lander $23
Draw Pokef $ 23
Mldnlgtit Drive $ 23
Radar Rat Race $ 23
Raid on Fort Knox $ 23
Sargon II Chess $ 29
Super Smash $ 23
Cosmic Cruncher , , , . , S 33
Gorl $ 29
Omega Race $ 29
Money Wars $ 23
Menagerie $ 23
Cosmic Jailbreak $ 23
Clowns $ 23
Garden Wars $ 23
SeaWoK S 23
Adventuretand $ 29
PirateCove $ 29
Mission Impossible $ 29
The Count $ 29
VoododCaslle $ 29
TheSky is Falling $ 23
Mole Attack $ 23
Bingo Speed Math $ 23
Home Babysitter $ 23
Visible Solar System $ 23
Personal Finance $ 29
United Microwave
Spiders o( Mars (CT) $34
Meteor Run (CT) $ 34
Amok(C) $ 17
Alien Btit2|C) $ 17
Skymatli(C) $ 12
Space Division (C) $ 12
SuperHangman(C) $14
TheAlienfC) $ 17
3DMaze(C) $ 12
Kosmic Kamikaze(C) $ 17
Sub Chase (C) $ 17
Amok(CT) $27
Renaissance (CT) S 34
Alien Blitz (CT| $27
Cloud Bufsl (CT) $27
Satellites and Meteorites (CT) $ 34
Outworld (CT) $ 34
^^iitti The Computer Outlet is an
:|^^ f- associate of The Computer
'^if" Learning Center For Chil
dren. We are experts in
educational technology and can custom-
ize educational software curriculums for
school districts, inrjividual schools, or by
the child at home. Please contact us
about your sollmare and equipment re-
quirements and feet tree to stop by our
school in Las Vegas-
We have one of the world's largest
educational software inventories featur-
ing our own Computer Learning Center
software.
Ten Little Robots(ATARI| $12.95
Pre-Scnool Math (ATARI) $19.95
Three VIC Cartridge Games
By Creative Software
Harvey B. 1 Ifrmaii
Choplifter
The objective of Choplifter is to
save lives, specifically the lives
of hostages trapped behind
enemy lines. Points are scored
only when the helicopter you
are piloting brings men back to
home base. Destroying the
enemy is secondary - you do
what is necessarv to insure the
safe arrival of your men.
The pre-game demo has
some clever graphics - the "i" in
Tom Griner (he's the program-
mer) waves at vou, as the hos-
tages do later. At this point, you
are given the option of changing
the default colors by successive
pressing of any function key
(not documented).
When the game begins,
your helicopter is on its home
base. Lift up with the joystick
and flv left toward enemv lines.
Watch the three-dimensional
star background and front-line
pass behind and below', respec-
tively. Listen to the realistic
chopper noises.
The hostages are either
trapped in houses or are franti-
cally running around on the
ground waving to you. Set the
chopper down carefully, and the
hostages will climb aboard (16
max). If you accidentallv land on
one, you hear a plaintive "blink."
Evading the hostile tank, the helicopter
attempts to rescue the waving hostages
(lower right) in the VIC version of
Choplifter.
Lift off and return them to base.
Sounds easy? Not quite.
There are hazards to watch out
for, like enemy tanks, jets, and
killer satellites. The enemy is out
to get your chopper, and you
must either avoid them or de-
stroy them with your cannon. A
perfect score results when you
have returned all 64 men to base
in the three missions allowed.
I usually lose too many men,
but my kids seem to have mas-
tered the game fairlv quickly.
Although the game's action
noticeably slows when too many
hostages or enemies are in the
field of view, this game is fun
and challenging.
Serpentine
I played this game on an Apple
once, and the VIC version ap-
pears to be identical. You are a
blue segmented serpent moving
in an irregular maze. Your twists
and turns are controlled by a
joystick. Hostile red segmented
serpents are after vou and will
eat you if you're careless. You
survive by creeping up on them
from the rear or side, and snip-
ping off their st^gmented tails.
When the evil serpent is
red, vou cannot attack from the
front or vou will be eaten (lose a
turn). But if you snip off enough
of a red serpent, it turns green,
and you are free to attack it from
any direction. In fact, at that
time a successful frontal attack
awards your blue serpent an
extra segment. SimiLTrly, extra
segments are given when you
eat frogs, which hop around
randomly on the maze, or the
eggs laid by enemy serpents.
There are several complica-
tions and strategies which make
the game more interesting. A
red snake will turn green when
The swiftly creeping serpents are a blur
as the}/ flee through the maze in
Serpentine. '
it has fewer segments than your
blue snake and back again when
it has more. When snakes lay
eggs, they lose a segment. If a
head-on collision with a green
snake is imminent and your
snake decides to lay an egg, vt>u
might find yourself face-lo-face
with an angry red one.
My kids enjoyed this game
more than the other two, and I
was able to pick up a strategy tip
from watching them play. They
sometimes delay the clearing of
all red snakes from (he board
until their blue snake lavs an
egg. Assuming a frog doesn't
get the egg (frogs love eggs),
they get an extra turn after the
board is cleared.
The game uses color, music,
and sound effectively. Tension
builds when the game gets more
difficult as successive screens
are cleared, but the points go up
proportionally. One kid
suggested a speed-up button to
help escape tight spots, even if it
cost penalty points. Overall, we
found it exciting and engaging.
Trashman
In principle, this game is very
similar to Pac-MiUi. You are at
the controls of a garbage truck
riding around town (a maze),
collecting trash (dots), and
emptying trash cans (energiz-
ers). Both activities score points,
and the object of the game is to
clear successive screens and
achieve as high a score as pos-
sible. Giant flies are continually
molesting your truck, and you
must evade them or lose a turn.
116 COMPUII! Mavl'SS
Cardco, Inc. announces five All-American ways to
Expand your VIC
at affordable prices
A universal Centronics parallel
printer interface for the VIC-20
& C-64 computers. Obeys all
standard VIC print commands,
Suggested Retail — S79.95
The CARDBOARD 3 is a fuse
protected, economy expansion
interface-designed to allow the user
to access more than one of the
plug-in-type memory or utility
cartridges now available. It will accept
up to three cartridges at once. This
product includes reset button and switches
Suggested Retail — S39.95
A light pen for the VIC-20 and C-64
computers with a switch on the barrel
and 6 good programs.
Suggested Retail — $39.95
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optimizes the value/performance ratio of all of
our products.
The CARDBOARD 6 is a fuse
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available, Additionally it allows switch
selection of games and other
programs now available in the
cartridge format, without the necessity
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again, thereby saving a great deal of
stress on your VIC-20 and on your
television or monitor.
Suggested Retail — S99.95
Specifications and prices subject to change.
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®VIC-20 is a registered trademark of Commodore
After a trash can is emptied, the
flies change color, and for a short
time it is safe to counterattack.
But don't wait too long, or thev
will revert to their original color
and revert to their essential
nastiness.
This game offers a choice of
difficulty (or bonus) levels at
the start, and my kids appreciate
this feature. They consistently
play at the highest level, but
have not lost interest yet. The
game has good sound effects
and well-drawn, animated flies,
especiallv at the beginning
and when the flies are caught
and sent back to home base. 1
also liked the idea of a random
bonus which appears about half-
way through a screen to liven
things up a little. The joystick is
optional for this program, but
recommended.
Among these three games,
we liked Serpentine the best, then
Trnahiiin}!, then Chopliftcr. Per-
sonal taste will be the deciding
factor, so try them out before
you purchase, if possible. But if
you are an inveterate game
player, you'll probably enjoy all
of these VIC cartridges; they're
among the better ones we've
seen.
Choplittcr
Serpentine
Trashman
Crcnllvc Softimre
230 Caribbean Drive
Sunm/valc, CA 94086
$45 to S47 ©
Plaiferfi nniat negotiate n maze to pick
up i^nrha^e in Trashman.
m COMPUTE! May 1933
Hescount For
PET/CBM
And VIC
Steve Leth
One of the facilities available on
many mainframe computer sys-
tems is a program profiler- a
utility that monitors the execu-
tion of a program and counts
how many times each statement
is executed. This information
can be used in a number of ways
to assist in the development of a
new program or the modification
of an old one. For instance, state-
ments in a program that are ex-
ecuted many times are prime
candidates for various time-
saving techniques. Speeding up
a line that is executed a thousand
times will have a much greater
effect on a program's total run
time than doing the same thing
to a line that is executed only
once. We'll see more of this in
an example later on.
Profiler information can also
be used for general program
testing and debugging. Finding
the cause of an endless loop is a
lot easier when you know exactly
which statements are part of the
loop. Another area of program
development that is often ig-
nored is the testing of seldom-
used paths thrtjugh a program's
logic. Many a "well-tested" pro-
gram contains large stretches
that were never executed during
its debugging stages. A profiler
lets you find these unexecuted
statements and devise input or
other conditions that will force
them to be executed.
Simple To Use
"OK, sounds great. But 1 don't
have a mainframe, I've got a
VIC!" Yes, I know, and so do
the people at Human Engineered
Software, who have developed
Hescount, a BASIC program
profiler for all versions of Com-
modore PET/CBM and VIC.
For the most part, using
Hescount is pretty simple: you
load it by running a BASIC loader
program. As usual, the loader
resets the top-of-memory pointer
so Hescount won't be destroyed
by running your program. Next,
you load the BASIC program you
want profiled and type "SYS 0".
Hescount will now .set up the
program so that its execution
can he monitored by hooking
into the zero-page CHARGET
routine and reserving memory
space for the line counts. You
just run the program as usual.
While your program is running,
Hescount will keep track of how
many times each line is executed,
placing this count in the space it
reserved during the initial setup.
Because Hescoiint's monitor-
ing takes up some time, your
program will run about 20 per-
cent slower than usual. When
the program is finished, the line
counts must be extracted from
Hescouiit's internal format and
put someplace where you can
access them. To do this, you
enter "SYS 0" again. This time,
Hescount will take the line num-
bers and the counts and place
them in a two-dimensional array
named UQ%. The number of
elements in UQ'X, will be stored
in UQ%(0,0), the numbers of
the executed lines in UQ%{0,i),
and the number of times that
line was executed in UQ"'o(l,i).
Hescount also unhooks itself
from the CHARGET routine and
returns vour program to its nor-
mal state. Now you can take the
data stored in the array UQ'K)
and list it on the screen or printer
or save it on disk for later
analysis.
How Hescount Viorks
Let's look at an example to see
just what Hescount shows us
about a program. Program 1,
called "Dice," is a short program
that calculates the odds of each
number that can result when
two dice are rolled. Just to make
the program a little more general,
I've set it up to handle the "odd"
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60K MEMORY EXPANDER S79
Allows memory expansion lo 60K total |20K
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D
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SDK Memory Expander $79.
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MOV1983 COMPmil
VIC-20* OWNERS
A nnouncing the CB-2!
Expand your System with these
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The CB>2 Is a complete hardware and software package
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CB-2 HECEIVES OUR HIGHEST RATINGI
CB-Z Assembli!d $8935
A. The Dataipan'2fl expansion boarrj is Ibe cornerstone lor
expanding the VIC-20 to its maximum capabilities Unlike
olticr expansion boards, the Dalaspan-M has the lollowing
eiciuslve features:
• Five slot, rotary iwflch selectable expansion board.
• flolary s*ilch allows control between computer cariridgES
(memory expansion. Programmer's Aid*. Vic-Mon* and other
utilities) and game cartridges.
• Dataspa n-20 a Hows stacking of memory cartridges up to 29K
in BASIC and 40K in machine language
• Fully hulfeicd by five hi-lecOnology integrated circuits They
help pf event erratic operation and loss ol etata common m
typical unbuflered expansion boards and isolate the VIC's'
micrQ-processor from accidental damage
• Highest quality circuit board with gold contacts througtiout.
• Fused to protect the VIC-20* power supply
• Waster reset button eliminates turning computef off and on.
• Auxiliary power supply jack and write proleclion on one slot.
DATASPANKH SSSaS
DATASPAN Assembled $S4.95
B. RAMralder
• Makes your 3K or Superexpaniier'
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• Recaptures your RAM for BASIC and
moves it into Expansion memory
(lower half of Blocks 1.2, or 3)
RAMralder Kit S24.9S
HAMralder Assembled S34.9S
Kits lor Exparienced Builder only!
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• Turn your Commodore gK cartridge
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RAMcharger Kit S31j95
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COMPVIE May49B3
dice, with other than six sides,
used in many role-playing
games. Table 1 shows the output
for a pair of ten-sided dice.
Notice that it look 223 jiffies (just
under four seconds) for the pro-
gram to run.
If we run Dice under Hes-
count, and then enter SYS 0 to
collect the line counts into the
array UQ%, the results can be
printed using the routine that
starts at line 1000 in Dice. This
output is shown in Table 2: a
table of line numbers and how
many times each one was ex-
ecuted. We can see that there
are only two points in Dice worth
trying to speed up: lines 40 and
50, which execute 100 times each,
and lines 70 and 80, which ex-
ecute 19 times each. We can pick
up a little speed by combining
lines 20 through 50 into one line.
(See Program 2.)
However, most of the time
saving came from moving the
expression "(S'T'2)" from inside
the FOR loop to line 55. The run
time is now down to 149 jiffies
(about two and a half seconds);
any other changes I could think
of just made the run times
longer. Although this example is
trivial (it's pretty obvious which
statements will execute the
most), you can see how this
whole process would be very
effective with a large program.
A Few Limitations
If you are getting the impression
that I like Hescotinl, you're right.
It is useful, reasonably simple to
use, and very nicely docu-
mented. The manual that comes
with it is easy to read and quite
complete. There are actually two
manuals, totaling 25 pages. The
first is a User Manual, which
describes how to load and use
Hescouiit and how to access the
line counts. A demo program,
included on the tape or disk,
acquaints you with Hescouiit's
operation.
The second book is the more
technically oriented Progmni
Manual. This manual contains
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• BI-DIRECTIONAL PRINTING with a LOGIC
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• THREE SELECTABLE CHARACTER
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COMSTAR Frr
«^000E:F='0IH I J HCI_MlvJDFCiFL'S-rLJVW>< YZ SLti c: ci
ABCDEFGHIJKLMN0PQRSTUVW)<YZabcdef9hi J klmnopqrstuvw>;y 2 1234567890
-F -gl-ii jj<
8UPER-10" ABCDEF'CSFH ZaKI_Mlsiai
ABCOEF&HIJKLHNOPQRSTUVUXYZ 12:
•CaRSTLJVMXVZ
1*1/1983 COMFWI! 121
Program 1: Dice
1 RE11 ********* DICE *»***#***
2 REM ** UNHuDIFIEB PROGRAM **
5 INPUT "rJUIMEER OF SIHES'SS
6 Ti$="00t3eei0"
7 PRINT ;PRINT"THERE ARE "£t2" POSSIBLE COMB I NftT ONS "■ PRINT
18 DIMC<2*S>
20 F0RI=1T0S
30 F0RJ=1T0S
40 C'::i+j>=C';i+j>+i
50 NEXT; NEXT
t-0 F0RI=2Tn2*S
70 PRINTI,C<I>,Ca>/''CSt2)
SO NEXT
S5 PRINT
90 PR I HT " EXECUT I ON TOOK" ; T I ; " J I FF I ES "
100 END
1 000 DEFFN2 ■: ft >=ft- i fi<:0 > *655e3
1010 0P.EN4..4:pRIHT#4.."LINE TIMES EXECUTED"
1020 FORI = lTCiUQKi;0..0:>
1 030 Pl=:l NT#4 .. FNZajQj; C 8,. I > > .. FNZ<UQJi( 1 , 1 > > : NEXT ■ CL0SE4
Program 2: Modified Dice
1 REM ******* DICE ********
2 REM ** MODIFICATION #3 **
5 INPUT'THUMEER OF SIDES"; S
6 TI«= "000000"
7 PR INT "THERE ARE "ST2" POSSIBLE COMBINFlTONS"
10 DINCC2*S:)
30 FORI=lTOS:FORJ=lTOS:Ca+J>=C<:i+J)+l :NEXT:NEXT
55 31=S1£
60 F0RI=2T02*S
70 PRINTI,C<I>,C<I)/SI
80 NEXT
90 PRINT"EXECUTION TOOK"Tr- JIFFIES"
100 END
1000 DEFFNZ<fl>=fl-<ft<0)*65563
1010 0PEN4,4:PRINT#4."LINE TIMES EXECUTED"
1028 FORI=lTOUQK<e.0>
1 038 PR I NT#4 . FNZ ( UQ?i < 0 . 1 :> > , FNZ < UQ^ < 1 , 1 > > : NEXT : CL 0SE4
Table 1:
Output Of A Pair Of
Ten-Sided Dice
NUMBER OF SIDES? 10
THERE ARE 100 POSSIBLE
COMBINATIONS
2
1
.01
3
2
.02
4
3
.03
5
4
.04
6
5
.05
7
6
.06
8
7
.07
9
8
.08
10
9
.09
11
10
.1
12
9
.09
13
8
.08
14
7
.07
15
6
.06
16
5
.05
17
4
.04
18
3
.03
19
2
.02
20
1
.01
EXECUTION TOOK 223 JIFFIES
Table 2:
Results Of Line Counts
LINE TIMES EXECUTED
1
2
5
6
7
10 1
20 1
30 10
40 100
50 100
60 1
70 19
80 19
85 1
90 1
100 1
1000 0
1010 0
1020 0
1030 0
information on how to customize
Hescount, how it works "under
the hood," and also includes a
complete assembly listing.
Of course, Hescount does
have a few kinks. The means of
accessing the line counts is some-
what clumsy but it is well
explained. Hescount also has
some limitations involving mixed
BASlC/machine language pro-
grams, some odd types of FOR/
NEXT loops, and utilities that
also use the CHARGET routine
(such as Skyles Electric Works'
Disk-0-Pw). Fortunately, all
these problems are minor and
are discussed in the documenta-
tion. Versions for PET/CBM
ROMs 2, 3, and 4 and the VlC-20
are included, along with a short
demo program. All in all, Hes-
count is a good program to add
to your software development
toolkit.
Hescount
Humetn Engineered Software
71 Park Lane
Brisbane, CA 94005
$23.95 Tape
$26.95 Disk O
Micro-Systems'
VIE Cartridge
VIC To IEEE
Interface
Karl Kelley
Have you wanted to add the
disk drive for your other Com-
modore computer to your VIC?
If you are like many Commodore
owners, you may have already
owned a 4016, 4032, or 8032 PET/
CBM computer along with a
disk drive and a printer.
Micro-Systems Develop-
ment, Inc. is marketing an inter-
face cartridge which converts
the user port to IEEE protocol
and allows direct access to IEEE
devices of all kinds. My particu-
lar interest right now is the IEEE
disk drives and printers man-
ufactured by Commodore - the
ones I already own.
1 ordered the VIE Cartridge
from Micro-Svstems, and as soon
as I received it, I opened the
durable plastic case to check out
the insides.
Inside were four chips and a
female edge connector, mounted
122 COMPuni May 1983
Mayden,
H AYDEN . . . the source
new! VIC™ Revealed (Hampshire)
An invaluable probe of the VIC's hard-
ware capabihlies. II cavers the 6502
microprocessor. VIC systems softvvarE,
video interface chip, I/O ports and I/O
processing and functions, as well as
outstanding VIC features such as its
programming power, superior game
and graphics capability, and unique I/O
capabilities that are not even explained
in Commodore manuals. Also contains
a complete instruction se! for the 6502,
as well as options for using machine
code subroutines in VIC basic pro-
grams. #1058, $12.95
lieml CP/MTM Revealed (Dennon)
Intended for CP/M users interested in
improving their skills, this is a guide to
the CP/M operating system: the console
monitor (CCP). the system manager
(BDOS). and the input/output driver
package (CBIOS). Provides a clear
understanding of (he data structure of
the CP/M disk and other essentials for
using CP/M effectively. Covers buying
CP/M, boating up, logging in, changing
memory size, mapping disk space, call-
ing all programs, and more. #5204,
$13.95
new! Basic AppIeTM BASIC (Coan)
A complete guide to Applesoft BASIC,
Takes you from beginning concepts,
such as entering data and obtaining
output, and planning programs, to more
advanced topics such as numeric and
string arrays, and sequential and ran-
dom access files. Alternate techniques
for programming In Apple Integer
BASIC are also covered, as well as low-
resolution and high-resolution graph-
ics. #5626, $12.95
Apple L!> a registered trademark of .^pple Computer Co
modorG Business Machifies, Inc. CP^M is a regislercil
with Haytien Book Company, inc.
New! Create Word Puzzles With
Your Microcomputer (Mau) Create
your own letter inserts, acrostics,
cryptograms, word-finds, quote-falls,
fill-ins, and other word puzzles. Con-
tains BASIC programs for producing
blank puzzles or printouts, following
magazine format. Provides complete
information for establishing and main-
taining word and quotation files, tech-
niques for producing complex puzzles,
and serves as a tutorial on managing
large text data bases. #6251, $14.95
new! How to Cope With Computers
(Logsdon) An entertaining, yet
informative discussion of the impact of
computers on our daily lives and the
future of our society. Includes a brief
history of the computer, explanations of
hardivare and software, and an intro-
duction to programming in BASIC. Pro-
vides an overview of computer career
opportunities. #5193, $7.95
Introduction to Computer Anima-
tion (Wadsworth) Now you can pro-
duce amazing computer graphics —
even if you can't draw a straight line.
Learn how to draw lines and shapes,
make graphs, draw pictures, and even
do animation with such popular micro-
computers as the Apple II. TRS-80. and
the PET. This book takes a step-by-slep
approach to learning how to use low-
resolution graphics, including many
program listings that illustrate graphic
techniques using a minimum of mathe-
matics. The author also shows how
color and sound can be used in such
programs as creating a deck of cards,
making a clown wink his eye, and
"coaching" an interactive football
game. #6279, $9-95
. Inc. PET and VIC are registered tradetliapks of Com-
Irademark of Digital Research Corp. None is affiliated
PETTM Graphics {Hampshire)
Officially approved by Commodore for
use with the PET. Instructs the PET
user on how to program graphics
displays. Contains a collection of
BASIC and machine-language subrou-
tines that enable the PET owner to write
more efficient programs. Provides a
wide range of normally unavailable
graphic functions. #1051, $18.75
Available on PET disk. #11620, $25.00
Available at your local computer store or
I^^H Order by Phone
LmhI 1-800-631-0856
operator CO 53
In N| call 201-843-0550, ext. 382
Mail to:
Hayden Book Company, Inc.
Dept. # CO 53
50 Essex Street
Rochelle Park, NJ 07662
Please send me the item(s) indicated below
by code number, 1 understand that if I am nol
completely 5,itisfietl, I may return the bDok(sl
within 10 days For a complete refund. We pay
postage and handling. Residents of NJ and CA
must add sales lax.
D Enclosed is my Check or money order.
Bill my n Visa C MasterCard Exp
Name
Addr
Citv
Slate/Zip
Visa/MaslerCard «
Signature
on a good quality, solder-dipped
printed circuit board with two
male edge connectors. The large
edge connector plugs into the
VIC user port. The female con-
nector mounted on the PC board
is a straight through extension
of the user port lines. This means
that use of the VIE cartridge does
not restrict one from later expan-
sion. The smaller male edge con-
nector is that sorely needed IEEE
port designed to mate with
Commodore's P/I cable.
Note: Though the device is
extremely well constructed, care
must be used when plugging it
into the VIC and especially when
plugging additional cartridges
into the VIE, Remember, it is
only a PC board and cannot be
subjected to excessive flexure.
The safest approach is to plug
the other cartridge into the VIE
before plugging the VIE into the
VIC.
The instructions consist of
one typewritten page with a
brief explanation of the device
and instructions for enabling/
disabling the interface software.
The instructions are entirely
adequate.
Once installed, the iiiterface
can be enabled via
SYS40000
This actuates the approxi-
mately IK EPROM onboard soft-
ware. Once enabled, the inter-
face can be disabled by any one
of the following:
"RESTORE"
Software BRK
VIC Power Off
SYS64850 (the exit routine)
Recall that VIC BASIC is
really a modification of PET
BASIC 3,0 and does not contain
the direct disk commands of
BASIC 4.0 such as DLOAD,
DSAVE, etc. So users who have
become "dependent" on BASIC
4.0 will have to re-leam the syn-
tax of disk operations from the
earlier BASICs. For example, to
save a program under the name
TESTPROG on drive 1, execute
the following:
124 COMPUTH MOY1983
OPENl,8,15,"Il":SAVE
'TESTPROG",8:CLOSEl
Of course, initialization is
not required on the 8050 drives,
and if the disk has previously
been initialized, the OPEN and
CLOSE statements are not
necessary.
File handling is straightfor-
ward and identical to PET BASIC
3.0. Again, BASIC 4.0 users will
miss the random file commands
available in BASIC 4,0, but for-
tunately, the RANDOM 1,0 pro-
gram {in BASIC) on the Commo-
dore DEMO disk can be copied
directly for use on the VlC-20.
There are a few things to
watch out for while using the
VIE. On the larger Commodore
machines, the IEEE port is part
of the MAIN LOGIC ASSEMBLY
and cannot be enabled/disabled
at will. Accidentally disabling
the VIE when files are OPENed
on the disk or printer can cause
loss of data. The convenience of
the RESTORE (warm start) key
is now an albatross. If you are
doing disk operations and hit
the RESTORE key (disabling the
VIE) while disk files are OPEN,
you have accomplished the same
thing as unplugging the P/I cable.
Under certain circumstances,
this could also result in lost data.
Likewise, printer format
commands will be lost if the VIE
is disabled. This is not a disaster,
but it is inconvenient, I have
learned to set off these format/
control commands in routines or
programs on their own for quick
recovery.
The device performs well
and in accordance with the man-
ufacturer's specifications. At
$79,95, the VIE Cartridge is a
valuable addition to the VIC for
users who already own Commo-
dore disk drives and/or printers,
and for anyone contemplating
using the VIC as an IEEE con-
troller,
Micw-Systeius Development , Inc.
nW5 shady Trail, Suite 103
Dallas, TX 75229
$79.95 O
America's # 1 Software Dealer
Pick A Program. Any Program.
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utility or fiome management. Software City has a program for you.
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251 Broad Ave. (201)943-9444
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West Chester, PA
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Tampa, PL
5^^
Franchises for retail stores. Approxim'ate total investment, $30-35,000.
Write Software City, PC Box 313, Closter, NJ 07624. Offering by prospectus only.
AARDVARK - THE ADVENTURE PLACE
TRS-80 COLOR COMMODORE 64 VIC-20 SINCLAIR/TIMEX TI99
WE CARRY MORE THAN ADVENTURESII
MAXI-PROS WORD PROCESSING t*^^
The easiest to use word processor that I
know of. Has all the features of a major word
processor (right and left margin justification,
page numbering, global and line editing, single,
double, triple spacing, text centering, etc.) at
a very cheap price because we wrote it in
BASIC. Includes 40 page manual and learning
guide. Easilv modified to handle almost anv
printer combination. Available on disk or tape
for VIC20, COMMODORE64, and TRS-80
COLOR computer. Requires 13k RAM on
Vic, 16k EXTENDED on TRS-SO COLOR. ^^
SI 9.95 on tape $24.95 on disk. ^^
GENERAL LEDGER - Complete bookkeep-
ing for a small business. Disk required. For
Vjc20 (13k), Commodore64, TRS-80 COLOR
(16k EXTENDED). $69,95 (Send $1.00 for
manual before ordering.)
LABYRINTH - 16K EXTENDED COLOR
BASIC — With amazirvg 3D graphics, you fight
your way through a maze facing real time
monsters. The graphics are real enough to
cause claustrophobia.
Similar game for Timex/Sinclair 16k - hunting
treasure instead of monsters $14.95.
ADVENTURE WRITING/DEATHSHIP by
Rodger Otsen — This is a data sheet showing
how we do it. It is about 14 pages of detailed
instructions how to write your own adven-
tures. It contains the entire text of Deathship.
Data sheet - $3.95. NOTE; Owners of TI99,
TRS-80, TRS-80 Color, and Vic 20 computers
can also gel Deathship on tape for an addi-
tional $5.00.
Dealers— We have the best deal going for you.
Good discounts, exchange programs, and fac-
tory support. Send for Dealer Information.
Authors-Aardvark pays the highest commis-
sions in the industry and gives programs the
widest possible advertising coverage. Send a
Self Addressed Stamped Envelope for our
Authors Information Package,
ADVENTURES — Adventures are a unique
form of computer game. They let you spend
30 to 70 hours exploring and conquering a
world you have never seen before. There is
little or no luck in Adventuring, The rewards
are for creative thinking, courage, and wise
gambling — not fast reflexes.
In Adventuring, the computer speaks and
listens to plain English. No prior knowledge
of computers, special controls, or games is re-
quired so everyone enjoys them— even people
who do not like computers.
Except for Quest, itself unique among Ad-
venture games. Adventures are non-graphic.
Adventures are more like a novel than a comic
book or arcade game. It is like reading a par-
ticular exciting book where you are the main
character.
All of the Adventures in this ad are in Basic.
They are full featured, fully plotted adventures
that will take a minimum of thirty hours (in
several sittings) to play.
Adventuring requires 16k on Sinclair, TRS-
SO, and TRS-80 Color. They require 3k on OSI
and 13k on VIC-20. Sinclair requires extended
BASIC. Now available for TI99.
TREK ADVENTURE by Bob Retelle - This
one takes place aboard a familiar starship and
is a must for trekkies. The problem is a famil-
iar one — The ship is in a "decaying orbit"
(the Captain never couid learn to park!) and
the engines are out (You would think that in
all those years, they would have learned to
build some that didn't die once a week). Your
options are to start the engine, save the ship,
get off the ship, or die. Good Luck.
Authors note to players — 1 wrote this one
with a concordance in hand. It is very accurate
— and a lot of fun. It was nice to wander
around the ship instead of watching it on T.V.
DERELICT by Rodger Olsen and Bob Ander-
son — For Wealth and Glory, you have to ran-
sack a thousand year old space ship. You'll
have to learn to speak their language and
operate the machinerv they left behind. The
hardest problem of all is tojive through it.
Authors note to players — This adventure
is the new winner in the "Toughest Adventure
at Aardvark Sweepstakes". Our most difficult
problem in writing the adventure was to keep
it logical and realistic. There are no irrational
traps and sudden senseless deaths in Derelict.
This ship was designed to be perfectly safe for
its' builders. It just happens to be deadly to
alien invaders like you.
Dungeons of Death - Just for the 16k TRS-
SO COLOR, this is the first D&D type game
good enough to qualify at Aardvark. This is
serious D&D that allows 1 to 6 players to go
on a Dragon Hunting, Monster Killing, Dun-
geon Exploring Quest. Played on an on-screen
map, you get a choice of race and character
(Human, Dwarf, Soldier, Wizard, etc.), a
chance to grow from game to game, and a 15
page manual. At the normal price for an Ad-
venture (S14.95 tape, $19.95 disk), this is a
giveaway.
PYRAMID by Rodger Olsen - This is one of
our toughest Adventures. Average time
through the Pyramid is 50 to 70 hours. The
old boys who built this Pyramid did not mean
for it to be ransacked by people like you.
Authors note to players - This is a very
entertaining and very tough adventure. I left
clues everywhere but came up with some in-
genous problems. This one has captivated
people so much that I get calls daily from as
far away as New Zealand and France from
bleary eyed people who are stuck in the
Pyramid and desperate for more clues.
MARS by Rodger Olsen — Your ship crashed-
on the Red Planet and you have to get home.
You will have to explore a Martian city, repair
your ship and deal with possibly hostile aliens
to get home again.
Authors note to players — This is highly
recommended as a first adventure. It is in no
way simple— playing time normally runs from
30 to 50 hours — but it is constructed in a
more "open" manner to let you try out ad-
venturing and get used to the game before
you hit the really tough problems.
QUEST by Bob Retelle and Rodger Olsen -
THIS IS DIFFERENT FROM ALL THE
OTHER GAMES OF ADVENTURE!]!! It is
played on a computer generated map of
Alesia, You lead a small band of adventurers
on a mission to conquer the Citadel of Moor-
lock. You have to build an army and then arm
and feed them by combat, bargaining, explora-
tion of ruins and temples, and outright ban-
ditry. The game takes 2 to 5 hours to play
and is different each time. The TRS-80 Color
version has nice visual effects and sound. Not
available on OSI, This is the most popular
game we have ever published.
32K TRS SO COLOR Version $24.95,
Adds 3 second level with dungeons and
more Questing.
PRICE AND AVAILABILITY:
All adventures are $14.95 on tape. Disk
versions are available on VIC/COMMODORE
and TRS-BO Color for $2.00 additional. S2.00
shipping charge on each order.
Please specify system on all orders
ALSO FROM AARDVARK - This is only a partial list of what we carry. We have a lot of other games {particularly for the
TRS-80 Color and OSI), business programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1.00 for our complete catalog.
AARDVARK
2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088 / (313) 669-3110
Phone Orders Accepted 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.
TRS-80 COLOR TIMEX/SINCLAIR COMMODORE 64
$2.00 shipping on each order
'%
VIC-20
MciY'l9a3 COMPUIB 125
Microteach Teacher's Aide
For The Atari
Mike Kinnamon
Since I am a teacher, many edu-
cational programs are brought to
me by well-meaning computer
users and salespeople, who be-
lieve that I can immediately put
them to use in my classroom.
Unfortunately, some of these
programs do not lend themselves
to practical classroom applica-
tions. They tend to be either too
broad or repetitive, too much
like drills.
Microteach Teacher's Aide
(48K, two disk drives) is not in
that category; it is a welcome
solution to the problem of tailoring
computer-assisted education.
With this program, a teacher
with no knowledge of computer
languages can create computer-
based lessons that deal specific-
ally with a particular curriculum.
A teacher may write courses and
assign them to individuals or
groups of students, keeping a
record of each student's progress
readily available.
To use Teacher's Aide, you
first format a blank diskette,
using your standard Atari Disk
Operating System. This becomes
your courseware disk. Next,
place the Teacher's Aide in drive
number one and your newly
created courseware disk into
drive number two. Reboot the
entire system without BASIC;
Optimized System Services'
BASIC A 4- is used by the pro-
gram on disk number one.
The program's features are
numerous and quite varied.
Mastering its many modules will
take several sessions, but the
end result is well worth the time.
A teacher can enter the edit mode
and easily create a unit of study
categorized into sections and
chapters which coincide with
the textbook being used in the
classroom. You can re-edit an
126 COtlWUlH Mo^1983
existing chapter or section for an
alternate or improved use. You
can dissect any individual chap-
ter or section and create ad-
vanced or remedial editions of a
given lesson. Each courseware
diskette can be assigned a vol-
ume number, thereby creating
an entire year's curriculum
in any sequence and of any
breadth.
Iiach TV screen is treated as
a page of a textbook. The teacher
has the options of color of pages
and timed or untimed pages.
The entire page, section, or chap-
ter can be listed to the printer,
giving the student a hard copy
for study notes, homework, or
tests.
Flexible Options
Questions may be presented to
the student during or after each
lesson. Several types of ques-
tions (multiple choice, fill-in-the-
blank, true-false, or yes-no) can
be used in any order, in each
lesson. Each question can be
timed or untimed, and assigned
a weighted point value at the
teacher's discretion. If the stu-
dent answers a question incor-
rectly, the teacher may assign a
page, section, or chapter to be
reviewed by the student in order
to better assure a minimum
competency of the lesson. A
student's responses thus deter-
mine the rate at which he or she
progresses through the lesson.
The computer will keep a
complete, detailed record of each
student's performance. The
teacher may review a student's
status at any time and view the
chapters, sections, and pages
completed by each student.
Scores on the questions are avail-
able with such details as number
of times attempted before a cor-
rect answer was entered and the
weighting value of each ques-
tion. The teacher may list all
students on a given disk, assign
chapters to particular students,
set up a new student file, or
delete an old file by entering the
report/review module of the
program.
The editing commands are
thorough, allowing the teacher
to create new pages, edit old
ones, insert or delete a page,
and step forward or backward a
page at a time.
Only graphics mode 0 (the
standard text mode) can be used
with this program, which is
somewhat disappointing, but I
know a few teachers who have
spent the time to create high-
resolution graphics to adorn the
text. With a little imagination
and creative endeavor, a teacher
can use the keyboard graphics
characters with pleasing results.
Since each page is static, no ani-
mation of the graphics is pos-
sible. This prevents a dynamic
presentation, which may limit
the program's usefulness in pri-
mary classrooms.
The major advantage of
Teacher's Aide is that absolutely
no knowledge of programming
or computer language is re-
quired. This is a real blessing for
those teachers who have wanted
to use computers in their cur-
riculum but haven't had time to
become proficient programmers.
Test and grade management, a
major consumer of a teacher's
time, is greatly simplified with
this program. The validity of
any test question can be easily
determined in a matter of min-
utes, greatly improving a cur-
riculum's instructional value
and a test's abihty to measure
learning. I would highly recom-
mend this program. It requires
an Atari 400/800 and two disk
drives.
Microteach Teacher's Aide
Compumax
P.O. Box 1139
Palo Alto, CA 94301
$195 C
n VISISCHEDULE H SUPERCALC C VISICALC C. WORDSTAR ZJ D.B. MASTER ZJ MULTI PLAN ZJ VISIFILE Z dBASE II D
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NEVER
INVEST IN
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A Beginner's Guide
To Typing In Programs
What Is A Program?
A computer cannot perform any task by itself.
Like a car without gas, a computer has poteiitinl,
but without a program, it isn't going anywhere.
Most of the programs published in COMPUTE! are
written in a computer language called BASIC.
BASIC is easy to learn and is built into most com-
puters (on some computers, you have to purchase
an optional BASIC cartridge).
BASIC Programs
Each month, COMPUTE! publishes programs for
many machines. To start out, type in only pro-
grams written for your machine, e.g., "TI Version"
if you have a TI-99/4. Later, when you gain ex-
perience with your computer's BASIC, you can
try typing in and converting certain programs
from one computer to yours.
Computers can be picky. Unlike the English
language, which is full of ambiguities, BASIC
usually has only one "right way" of stating some-
thing. Every letter, character, or number is signif-
icant. A common mistake is substituting a letter
such as "O" for the numeral "0", a lowercase "1"
for the numeral "1", or an uppercase "B" for the
numeral "8". Also, you must enter all punctuation
such as colons and commas just as they appear in
the magazine. Spacing can be important. To be
safe, type in the listings exactly as they appear.
Brackets And Special Characters
The exception to this typing rule is when you see
the curved bracket, such as "{DOWN}". Any-
thing within a set of brackets is a special character
or characters that cannot easily be listed on a print-
er. When you come across such a special state-
ment, refer to the appropriate key for your com-
puter. For example, if you have an Atari, refer to
the "Atari" section in "How to Type COMPUTEl's
Programs."
About DATA Statements
Some programs contain a section or sections of
DATA statements. These lines provide informa-
tion needed by the program. Some DATA state-
ments contain actual programs {called machine
language); others contain graphics codes. These
lines are especially sensitive to errors.
If a single number in any one DATA statement
is mistyped, your machine could "lock up," or
"crash." The keyboard, break key, and RESET {or
STOP) keys may all seem "dead," and the screen
128 COMnntt May19S3
may go blank. Don't panic - no damage is done.
To regain control, you have to turn off your com-
puter, then turn it back on. This will erase what-
ever program was in memory, so always SAVE a
copy of your program before you RUN it. If your
computer crashes, you can LOAD the program
and look for your mistake.
Sometimes a mistyped DATA statement will
cause an error message when the program is RUN.
The error message may refer to the program tine
that READs the data. TJie error is still in the DATA
statements, though.
Get To Know Your Machine
You should familiarize yourself with your com-
puter before attempting to type in a program.
Learn the statements you use to store and retrieve
programs from tape or disk. You'll want to save a
copy of your program, so that you won't have to
type it in every time you want to use it. Learn to
use your machine's editing functions. How do
you change a line if you made a mistake? You can
always retype the line, but you at least need to
know how to backspace. Do you know how to
enter inverse video, lowercase, and control char-
acters? It's all explained in your computer's
manuals.
A Quick Review
1) Type in the program a line at a time, in order.
Press RETURN or ENTER at the end of each line.
Use backspace or the back arrow to correct
mistakes.
2) Check the line you've typed against the line in
the magazine. You can check the entire program
again if you get an error when you RUN the
program.
3) Make sure you've entered statements in brac-
kets as the appropriate control key (see "How To
Type COMPUTEl's Programs" elsewhere in the
magazine.)
We regret that we are no longer able to respond to
individual inquiries aboul pronram^, products, or
services appcarifi;^ in COMPUTE! due to increasing
publication activity. On those infrequent occasions
xohen a published program contains a typo, the correc-
tion will appear on the CAPUTE! page, usualhj within
eight iveeks. If you have specific questions about items
or programs which \/ou've seen hi COMPUTE!, please
send them to Ask The Readers, P.O. Box 5406,
Greensboro, NC 27403.
How To Type COMPUTERS Programs
Many of tho programs which <are listed in COMPUTE! contain
special control characters (cursor control, color keys, inverse
video, etc.). To make it easy to tell exactly what to type when
entering one of these programs into your computer, we have
established the following listing conventions. There is a
separate key for each computer. Refer to the appropriate
tables when you come across an unusual symbol in a program
listing. If you are unsure how to actually enter a control
character, consult your computer's manuals.
Atari 400/800
Characters in inverse video will appear like: fHicEOEEa«Ef3eae
Enter these characters with the Atari logo key, (At.
When you see Type See
(CLEAR}
ESC
SHIFT <
•f
Clear Screen
{UP>
EBC
CTRL -
r
Cursor Up
{DCSHN}
EBC
CTRL -
♦
Cursor DoMn
tLtH)
EBC
CTRL +
*.
Cursor Left
miBHT>
ESC
CTRL «
■*
Cursor Ri ght
(BACK SJ
ESC
DELETE
4
Backspace
(DELETE )
ESC
CTRL DELtIt
a
Delete character
(INSERT)
ESC
CTRL INSERT
u
Insert character
(DEL LINE}
ESC
SHIFT DFI FTE
□
Delete line
(INS LINE}
ESC
SHIFT INSERT
n
Insert line
(TAB}
ESC
TAB
>
TAB key
(CLR TAB}
ESC
CTRL TAB
a
Clear tab
(SET TAB}
ESC
SHIFT TAB
a
Set tab stop
{BELL>
ESC
CTRL 2
a
Ring buizer
(ESC}
ESC
ESC
^
Escape key
Graphics characters, such as CTRL-T, the ball character • will
appear as the "normal" letter enclosed in braces, e.g. (T .
A series of identical control characters, such as 10 spaces,
three cursor-lefts, or 20 CTRL-R's, will appear as S 10
SPACES), (SLEFTi:, (20 Rl, etc. If the character in braces is
in inverse video, that character or characters should be en-
tered with the Atari logo key. For example, ! n) means to
enter a reverse-fietd heart with CTRL-comma, 1 5ni() means to
enter five inverse-video CTRL-U's.
Commodore PET/CBMA/IC
Generally, any PET/CBM/VIC program listings will contain
bracketed words which spell out any special characters;
(DOWN ) would mean to press the cursor-down key;
{3DOVVN) would mean to press the cursor-down key three
times.
To indicate that a key should be sliifted (hold down the
SHIFT key while pressing the other key), the key would be
underlined in our listing. For e^sample, S would mean to
type the S key while holding the shift key. This would result
in the "heart" graphics symbol appearing on vour screen.
Some graphics characters arc inaccessible from the keyboard
on CBM Business models (32N, S032).
Sometimes in a program listing, especially within quoted
text when a line runs over into the next line, it is difficult to
tell where the first line ends. How many times should you
type the SPACE bar? In our convention, when a line breaks
in this way, the ~ symbol shows exactly where it broke. For
example:
100 PRINT "TO START THE GAME ~
YOU MAY HIT ANY OF THE KEYS
ON YOUR KEYBOARD."
shows that the program's author intended for you to type
two spaces after the word GAME.
All Commodore Machines
ClearScreen {CLEAR}
HotncCursor { HOME)
CursorUp fUP)
Cu rsor Do vvn { DOWN )
Cursor Right (RIGHT)
Cursor Left {LEFT)
insertCliaractor {iNST)
Delete Character {DEL)
Reverse Field On {RVSJ
Reverse Field Off { OFF}
Function Two
IF2}
Function Three
{F3)
Function Four
{F4}
Function Five
{F5}
Function Six
{F6}
Function Seven
{F7}
Function Eigtit
{F8}
Any Non-implemenled
Function
{NIM}
VtC/CBM 64 Conventions
Set Color To Black {BLK)
SctColorTo White {WHT)
Set Color To Red {RED)
Set Color To Cyan {CYN)
Set Color To Purple { PUR)
Set Color To Green (GRN)
Set Color To Blue {BLUl
Set Color To Yellow { YEL)
Function One {Flf
To enter any color code, hold down CTRL and press the
appropriate color key. Use CTRL-9 for RVS on and CTRL-0
for RVS off.
8032/Fat 40 Conventions
SetWindowTop {SET TOP) Erase ToBeginningfERASE BEGi
Set Window Botlom{ SET BOTj Erase To End {ERASE END)
ScrollUp {SCR UP) Toggle Tab {TGL TAB)
ScrollDown {SCR DOWN} Tab {TAB)
Insert Line {INST LINE} Escape Key {ESC)
Delete Line {DEL LINE)
When you see an underlined character in a PET/CBM/VIC
program listing, you need to hold down SHIFT as you enter
it. Since the VIC-20 and Commodore 64 have fewer keys
than the PET/CBM, some graphics arc'grouped with other
keys and have to be entered by holding down the Commodore
key. If you see any of the symbols in the left ctilumn imder-
lined in a listing, hold dtnvn the Commodore key antl enter
the symbol in the right column, just use SHIFT to enter all
other underlined characters.
f
K
/i
I
#
T
$
@
%
G
/
M
&
#
\
-
r
F
7
B
(
£
)
SHIFr-£
1
E
2
R
3
W
4
H
5
J
6
L
7
Y
8
U
9
I
@
SHIFT*
r
SHIFT +
]
SHIFT-
t PI
. s
- z
= X
< c
> V
, D
/ F
* N
+ Q
0 A
Apple li / Apple II Plus
All programs are in Applesoft BASIC, unless otherwise
stated. Control characters are printed as the "normal" char-
acter enclosed in brackets, such as I D 1 for CTRL-D. Hold
down CTRL while pressing the control key. You will not see
the special character on the screen.
TRS-80 Color Computer
No special characters are used, other than lowercase. When
you see letters printed in inverse video (white on black),
press SHIFT-0 to enter the characters, and then press SHlFT-0
again to return to normal uppercase typing.
Texas Instruments 99/4
No special control characters are used. Enteral! programs
with the ALPHA lock ofi (in the down position). Release the
ALPHA lock to enter lowercase text.
TImex TS-1000, Sinclair ZX-81
Study your computer manual carelullv to see how to enter
programs. Do not type in (he letters for each command,
since your machine features single-keystroke entry i>f BASIC
commands. You may want to switch to the FAS! mode
(where the screen blanks) while entering programs, since
there will be less delay between lines. (If the blanking screen
bothers vou, switch to the SLOW mode.)
MCIV1P63 COMPUni 129
KMMM Pncal for PET/C8M/C64
$85
A subset of standard Pascal with extensions.
- Mactime language Pascal Source Editor witti cursor
ofienled window mode-
- Macliine Language P-Code Compiler
- P-Code to mactiine lariguage transfer lor optimized otject
code.
- Hun-time package
- Floating point capability
- User manual and sample programs
Requires 32 K Ptease specify conliguration
EAlirforPiET (disk file based) $65
Editor Asumtler, RtloaUr. Linker
Gene;ales relocatable object code using MOS Tecfrnology
mnemonics. Disk file input (can edit files larger than memory)
Links nxjiliple obiect pfograms as one memory load. Listing
output to screen or pnnlef Enfianced editor operates in bctli
command mode and cursor oriented "window" mode.
RAM/ROM for PET/CBM
4K or 8K bytes of soft ROM with optional
battery backup.
RAM-ROM IS compatible with any large keyboard machine
Plugs into one of the ROM sockets above screen memofy to
give you switch selected write pfotectable RAM
tJse RAM/ROM as a software development tool to store data
or machine code beyond the norma! BASIC range. Use RAM/
ROfd TO LOAD A ROM image where you have possible con-
flicts with more than one ROM requiring the same socket
Possible apfllications include machine language son (such as
SUPERSORT). universal wedge. Extramon, etc
RAM/ROM -4K $75
RAH/ROM - 8K 90
Battery Backup Option 20
SUBSORT for PET/CBM $35
Excellent general purpose machine language sort routine.
THE WHOLE PET CATALOG $9
A two yeai 320 page compendium o( the Midnite Software
Gazette (or CommoOore computer users. Contains 500 reviews
of commercial products, 700 education programs (reviewed
and organized by coursel. 200 reviews of free games, inio on
over f 800 Iree programs, list of PET and VIC user groups, and
many pages of helps and hints
SuperGraphics 2.0
NEW Version with TURTLE GRAPHICS
SuperGraphics, by Jotin Fluharty. provides a 4K machine
language extension which adds 35 full featured commands to
Commodore BASIC to allow fast and easy plotting and man-
ipulation o( graphics on the PET/C BM video display, as well as
SOUND Commands Animations which previously were loo
slow or impossible withcut machine language subroutines
now can be programmed directly in BASIC. Move blocks (or
rocketships. etc.) or entire areas of the screen with a single,
easy to use BASIC command Scroll any portion of the screen
up, down, left cr right. Turn on or off any of the 4000 {8000 on
8032) screen pixels with a single BASIC command. In high
resolution mode, draw vertical, horizontal, and diagonal lines.
Draw a box. fill a box, and move it around on tlie screen with
easy to use BASIC commands. Plot curves using either rec-
tangular or polar co-ordinates (great for Algebra, Geometry
and Trig classes,)
The SOU N D commands allow you to initiate a note or series
of notes (or even several songs) Itom BASIC, and then play
them in the background mode without interfering with your
BASIC program Ttiis allows your program lo run at full speed
with simultaneous graphics and music
Seven new TURTLE commands open up a wbole new
dimension in graphics. Place the TURTLE anywhere on the
screen, set his DIRECTION, turn him LEFT or RIGHT move
him FORWARD, raise or lower his plotting pen. even flip the
pen over lo erase. Turtle commands use angles measured in
degrees, not radians, so even elementary school children can
aeate fantastic graphic displays
Specify machine model (and size), ROM type (BASIC 3
or 4)
SuperGraphics (disk or tape) S40
SuperGraphicsinROM($A000ofS9000) S55
Volume discounts available or ROM version lot schools
NEW
VERSION 2
lir PET/CBM Cnpitin
FLEX-FILE IS a set ol flexible.frienrUy programs lo allow you to
set up and maintain a data base. Includes versatile Report
Writer and Mail Label routines, and dxumenlation lor pro-
grammers to use Data Base routines as part ol other pro-
grams
RANDOM ACCESS DATA BASE
Record size limit is 256 characters The number of records per
disk is limited only by record size and free space on the disk.
File maintenance lets you step forward or backward through a
file, add.delete. or change a record, go lo a numbered record, or
(ind a record by specified field (or partial field) Field lengths
may vary to allow maximum information packing Both sub-
totals and sorting may be nested up to 5 fields deep. Any field
may be specified as a key. Sequential file input and output, as
well as fileoutput in WordProand PaperMate tcrmal is suppor-
ted Record size, fields per record, and order of fields may be
changed easily
MAILING LABELS
Typical mail records may be packed 3000 per disk on 8050
(f 400 in 4040), Labels may be printed any number wide, and
may begin in any column position There is no I im if on the num-
ber or order ol fields on a label, and complete record selection
via type code or field condition is supported,
REPORT WRITER
Flexible printing format, including held placement, decimal
justification and rounding, Deline any column as a series of
math or trig functions performed on other columns, and pass
results such as mnnmg total from row to row. Totals, nested
subtotals, and averages supported. Complete record selection,
including field within range, pattern match, and logical func-
tions can be specified,
FLEX-FILE 2 by Michael Riley $110
Please specify equipment conliguration when ordering.
DISK LC.U. $40
Intensive Care Unit by LC. Cargile
CDMi'inE DISK RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR CBM DRIVES
- edit disk blocks wiih ease
- duplicate disks, skipping over bad blocks
- complete diagnostic facilities
- unscratch scratched liles
- check and correct scrambled files
- recover improperly closed files
- extensive treatment of relative files
- optional output to IEEE488 printer
- comprehensive user manual (an excellent tutorial on disk
operation and theory).
Furnished on copy-protected disk with manual.
Backup disk available, SI 0 additionaf
PROGRAM YOUR OWN EPROMS $75
Branding Iron EPROM Programmer for PET/CBM software ta
all ROM versions. Includes all hardware and software to pro-
gram or copy 27f 6 and 2532 EPROMs
PORTMAKER DUAL RSZ32 SERIAL PORT $63
Two ports with full bipolar RS232 bulfering. Baud rates from
300 to 4800, For PET/CBM, AIM, SYM,
Commodore 64
Huiler-Klllir - Coinmodorc 64 15
■ authentic naval warfare game (complete with sonar)
Submarine Warfare (Clockwork Computers) 29
WordPro 3-F/64 75
Vanilla PILOT with Turtle Graphics 27
- also includes sound. Toolkit, joystick support
Commodore 64 Programmer Reference (Suide 15
C64 lo Parallel Printer Inlerface 79
CC I Subniarine Warfare 24
Laser Command 15
VICTORY SDttwirt Itr Ciramdon 64 In itoctt
FORTH for C64 50
Adventure Pack I (Victory Software) 12
Adventure Pack II (Victory Software) 12
Grave Robbers (Victory Software) 12
FORTH for PET
BY LC. Cargile and Michael Riley $50
Features include
full FIG FORTH model.
all FORTH 79 STANDARD extensions.
stnjctured 6502 Assembler wilh nested decision
making macros
full screen editing (same as when programming in
BASIC),
auto repeal key,
sample programs.
standard size screens (1 6 lines by 64 characters)
150 screens per diskette on 4040. 480 screens on
8050,
ability to read and write BASIC sequential files.
introductory manual.
reference manual.
Runs on any f6K or 32K PET/CBM [including 8032) with
ROM 3 or 4, and CBM disk drive. Please speafy conliguration
when ordering.
Meticoniplir for FORTH SSO
Simple metacompiler for creating compacted obiect code
which can be executed independently (without the FORTH
system).
PageMate
60 COMMAND
WORD
PROCESSOR
by Michael Riley
Paper-Mate is a full-featured word processor for Com-
modore computers. Page-Mate incorporates 60 commands to
give you full screen editing with graphics for all 16K or 32K
mach Ines (including 8032). all printers, and disk or tape drives.
Many additional features are available (including irast capa-
bilities ol WordPro 3)
For writing texL Page-Mate has a definable keyboard for
operator flexibility. Shift lock on letters only, or use keyboard
shift lock. All keys repeat,
Page-Mate text editing includes floating cursor, scroll up or
down, page lorward or back, and repeating insert and delete
keys. Text block handling includes transfer, delete, append,
save, load, and insert
All formatting commands are imbedded m text lor complete
control. Commands include margin control and release, column
adjust. 9 tab settings, variable line spacing, justify text, center
text, and auto print form letter (variable blxk). Files can 5e lin-
ked so that one command prints an entire manuscript Auto
page, page headers, page numbers, pause at end of page, and
hyphenation pauses are included
Unlike most word processors. CBM graphics as well as text
can be used. Page-Male can send any ASCII code over any
secondary address to any printer
Page-Mate functions with all Commodore machines with at
leas! f 6K. with any printer, and either cassette or disk.
Toorder Page-Mate, pieasespecify machine and ROM type
Page- M ate (disk or tape) for PET, C BM. VIC, C64 $40
SM-KIT tor PET/CBM $40
Enhanced RO M based util Ities for BAS IC 4 I ndudes both pro-
gramming aids and disk handling cnmmands
CBM Sonwart
BASIC INTERPRETER lor CBM 8096 tZDO
PEDISK II Syilems Iniin i;gn Mlcratcch anilible.
FILEX IBM 3741/2 Dati Eichinge Software ivailablt.
JIHSAM Data Base Management Syitem ler CBM.
COPY-WHITER WdhI Proceisorlar PET/CBM SI 59
CASH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM $45
Petspeed BASIC Compiler 225
Integer BASIC Compiler ffO
CMAH Record Handler 110
UCSD Pascal (without board) 135
Wordcraft 80 or 8095 265
BPI Accounting Modules 280
Professional Tax Prep System 575
ASERT Data Base 375
Oow Jones Portfolio Management 1 1 0
Assembler Development 80
252 Bethlehem Pike
Colmar, PA 18915
21 5-822-7727
A B Computers
WRITE FOR CATALOG
\/S^ Alspa Computer Jnc.
The pfice-pertofniance leader Includes Z80A, 1 or 2 lull 8"
drives (douWe density, double sided]. 3 serial and 1 parallel
port, and Winchester port. Prices start at less than S2000.
DEALER and OEM inqiitfies invited-
SPECIALS on INTREGATED CIRCUfTS
6502 7,45 10/695 50/B55 100/615
6502A/6512A B40 10/7 95 50/7 35 100/6.90
6520 PIA 5.15 10/4.90 50/4.45 100/4.15
6522 VIA 6.45 10/6.10 50/5.75 100/5.45
6532 7,90 10/7.40 50/700 100/6,60
2114-L200 2,45 25/2.30 100/215
2716EPROM 4,90 5/4,50 10/4,00
2532EPROM 7,90 5/7.45 10/690
6116 2KX6CM0SRAM 7 90 5/7 45 10/6,90
4116 RAM 8 for 14
?.?'.9.l!??.?[!ioD.f.9r?*i.''.M S?PM1553nbei 2_00
Hewlett Packard j^^l
Write or call fqi^grices^ ^» 1-^
Anchor Automation Signalman Modems
FREE SOURCE MEMBERSHIP WITH SIGNALMAN
All Signalnnan Modems are Direct Connect, and include cables
to codfiect to your computet and to tfie teleptione. Signalman
Modems provide ttie best price-performance values, and start
at less titan SI 00 Dnicr ]od OEM inquirits iiiiitetl
Mark I RS232
Mark II lor Atan 850
Mark IV lor CBM/PETwittt software
Mark V tot Osliorne (software available)
Mark VI for IBM Personal Computer
Mark VII Auto Dial/Auto Answer
Mark VIII Bell 212 Auto Dial/Answer
DC HAYES Smarlnmileni
DC Hayes Smartnxxiem 1200
ZZ9
545
We carry Apple 11+ from
Bell & Howell
16K RAM Card ^-s^*^ lor Apple
Soliil Oak 2 Level Stand for Apple
Apple LOGO
Video Reco/der Interface
Super Serial Card
Tfiunderclock Plus
Z80 Softcard and CP/M (Microsoft)
Parallel Printef Interface/Cable
Grappler Interface
TG Fnitiicti Joyitlck fur Apple
TG Paddles
DC Hayes Micromodem II
VidSK 80 Column Card
HivdcD Sattnre fgr Apple 20% OFF
Apple PASCAL Language
Apple FORTRAN
We slock EDUWARE Software
GENIS I Courseware Development System
Unicom Grade Reporting or Scliool Inventory
Executive Briefing System wilfi fonts
Apple DumplltigjMlcratekJPrinterlnterface
Apple Dumpling with 16K Buffer
PIE Writer Word Processor
65
29
150
545
149
119
235
80
139
48
32
299
239
195
160
90
250
225
115
160
120
Qcommodore
See us for Personal, Business,
and Educational requirements.
Educational Discounts available.
PETSCAN $245 base price
Allows you to connect up to 35 CBM/PET Computers to
sfiared disk drives and printers Completely transparent to ttie
user. Perfect for schools or multiple word processing con-
figurations. Base configuration supports 2 computers Addi-
tional computer fiookups S 1 0 D eacfi.
Comtnodore COMMUNICATES!
COMPACK $115
Intelligent Terminal Package indudes
ACIA fiardware based interface: DB25 Cable and STCP Soft-
ware with remote telemetry, transfer to/from disk, printer out-
put. XON-XOFF contiol. user program control, and status
line
VE-2[EEEtoParalielliitertac8 tlO
Includes case, power supply, full B-bit transmission, and
swilcti selectable character conversion to ASCII.
VIC 20 Frgiliicti
Backup VI 0 20
VIC RAM Cards in stock
VIC SuperExpander 53
VIC 16KRAM
Thtm EMI Soltwirt
HES Soltwirt
VIC Omega Race
SpKto ol Mara (UMl)
Programmers Aid
95
VICTOflV So(ti#an!
Street Sweepers
Night Rider
Treasures of Bat Cave
Games Pack I
Victory Casino
Adventure Pack II
12
11
12
12
B
12
VIC Sargon II Chess
VIC GORF
Meteor Run (UMI|
VIC Radar Ratrace
Amok (UMl)
Snakman
Rubik's Cube
Programmers Reference
Renaissance (UMl)
VIC Adventure Series
lor VIC and CE4
Ma?ein 3-D
Cosmic Debris
Grave Robters AdvenL
Games Pack I]
Adventure Pack I
Trek
Commodore 64 Programmers Reference Guide 1 7
Compotef's First Book ol PET/CBM 11
POWER ROM Utilities for PET/CBM 78
WordPro 3-F - 32K C8M, disk, printer 195
WBrtPro 3+/B4 70
WordPro 4-1- - 8032, disk, printer 300
SPELLMASTER spBllhg checker lor WordPro 1 70
VISICALC for PET. ATARI, or Apple 1 90
PETRAX PET to Epson GnpMcs Softaare 40
SM-KIT enhinceil PET/CBM ROM Utilities 40
Programmers Toolkit ■ PET ROM Utilities 35
PET Spacemaker II ROM Switch 36
2 Meter PET to IEEE or IEEE to IEEE Cable 40
Dust Cover for PET, CBM, 4040, or 8050 8
VIC or C64 Parallel Printer Interface 79
CmC IEEE-RS232 Punter Interface - PET f20
SADI Intelligent IEEE-RS232 or parallel 235
ZRAM - CBM 64K RAM, ZBO, CP/M 550
Prograntming the PET/GBM |Ciinipute!| — R. West 2D
Compute! First Book of VIC ft
Whole PET Catalog |M)dnight Gazettt) 8
Color Ctiart Video Board for PET 1 25
PET Fun and Games (Cursor) 1 1
REVERSAL (Spracklen) Apple or Atari
SARGONII — AppleofTRS-eO
Apple II Users Guide (Osborne)
Introduction to Pascal (Sybex)
Pascal Handbook (Sybex)
Musical ApplicatiorB of Micros (Chamberlin)
Starting FORTH
Discover FORTH
User Guide to the Unix System
6502 Assembly Language Subroutines
PET Fun and Games
KAMIKAZE (Hayden SotlwareApple)
25
26
12
13
16
20
14
12
13
11
9
28
DISK
SPECIALS
Scotcti (3M) 5" ss/dd
Scotch (3M) 5" ds/dd
Scotch (3M) 8" SS/sd
Scotch (3M) 8" ss/dd
10/2 25 50/2-10 100/2,05
10/3.15 50/2,90 100/2,85
10/240 50/2-20 too/ 215
10/2 95 50/2 70 100/ 2,65
We Stock VERBATIM DISKS
Write tor Dealer and DEM prices.
BASF 5" or 8" 10/ 2 00 20/1,95 100/1.85
NEW BASF Qualimetnc Disks also in stock.
Wabash 5"ss/sd 10/1,80 50/1,75 100/1.70
Wabash 5" ss/dd 10/200 50/195 100/1-90
Wabash 8" ss/sd 10/2,00 50/1,95 100/1-90
We stock MAXELL DISKS
Write for dealer and OEM prices.
Disk Storage Pages lOforSS Hub Rings 50 for S6
Disk Library Cases 8"— 3.00 5"— 2.25
Head Cleaning Kits 1 f
CASSEHES-
-AGFAPE-611 PflEMIUM
High output, low
noise, 5 screw housings
C-IQ
10/ ,61
50/ 58
100/ .50
C-30
10/85
50/ ,82
100/ .70
SPECIALS
109
Zenith ZVM-1 21 Green Phospftor Monitor
VOICE BOX Speech Synthesizer (Apple or Alan)
Many printers available (Star, Brother. OKI. etc)
We Stock AMDEK Moniton
Watanabc Intelligent Plotter 990 6-pen 1290
ISDBAH 4 Oullet Sargi Suprtstor/Noite Filtir 49
We stock Electrohome Monitors
dBASE II 390
Panasonic TR-120M1P 12" Monitor (20 MHz) 149
Panason Ic CT- 1 60 Dual Mode Color Monitor 285
Franklin Computers - special system price
Hewlett Packard Calculators available
US! Vitle« Monitors— Green or AMBER ZD MHz hl-rts.
Dealer aitd OEM Inquiries inirlteil
ALL BDOK and SOFTWARE PRICES DISCOUNTED
A P Products
1 5% OFF
Spertek SYM-] Microcomputer SALE 189
KTM -2/8 0 Synenek Video and Keyboard 349
TMM/TH
data
systems
Z29 Terminal [VTIGO. VT-52, ADM3A.
|{azl500 CDinpatibiel 660
ZT-l Intelligent Cammunications Terminal 479
ZIQOlS-bit/B-bit System CALL
We stock entire Zenith line.
ATARr
SPECIALS
800 Computer
400— 16K
810 Disk Drive
Tlioni EMI Sottwire
850 Interface
Inside Atari DOS
Joysticks or PatJdIes
Microtek RAM Cards
EiJuFiii Softwire
Pi kit
Super Breakout
APX Software
499
199
440
170
18
19
Mtaosott BASIC
MISSILE COMMAND
ASTEROIDS
STAR RAIDERS
Space Invaders
Atari Grapk (Conipute'l
Caverns of Mars
PAC-MAN
CENTIPEDE
First Book ol Atari
Andwr Modim— Atiii
Other Atan products
72
29
29
34
29
11
33
36
3E
11
B5
252 Bethlehem Pike
Colmar, PA 18915
215 822 7727 A B Computers
WRITE FOR CATALOG
Add $1 ,25 per order for shipping. We pay balance of l/PS surface
charges on all prefMtd ordefS, Prices listed are on cash discount
basis. Regular pnces slightly higher. Prices subject to change.
THE WORLD INSIDE THE COMPUTER
Software For Toddlers
Fred D'lgnozio, Associate Editor
I first started working
with children and
computers back in the
early 1970s. I was a
programmer for a
large computer time-
sharing company,
and I took a briefcase
computer terminal
with me to elementary
school classrooms around the District of Colum-
bia. We dialed up the main computer on the tele-
phone and plugged it into the terminal.
I wrote all the programs that I demonstrated
to the kids. That's because there wasn't anything
else out there.
Sure, there was CAI (Computer-Assisted
Instruction) courseuHire available. But that was
mostly for older kids, and it was very expensive. I
operated my litde computer-literacy project on a
shoestring. CAI materials were over my students'
heads and beyond the reach of my wallet.
Then came the flood of personal computers.
But still no inexpensive software for children in
preschool through early elementary school. Par-
ents and teachers who wanted software had to
write it themselves. Or they could find an occa-
sional listing in a computer magazine.
I'rcii D'l^iiiizio ifi a couipiihTciithusinst and author of
:^fivml book^ oil coinpiitciy to>' }(ouit;^ people. His books
indudc Katie and the Computer (Creative Coniputiii'^),
Chip Mitchell: The Case of the Stolen Computer Brains
(Diittoiii Lodestar), and R2-D2's Question and Answer
Book About Computers (Random House).
As the talker of livo i/omti^ cluldreii, !-red has heeoiiie
concerned with introducing the coiiipuler to children as a
wonderful tool rather than as a forbidding electrotiic device.
His colttniii appears monthly in COMPUTE!.
132 COMPUTE! MavlCaa
Now, suddenly all this is changing. People
have finally realized that even the smallest kids
can use computers to have fun and to learn.
And computers are appearing in people's
homes by the millions. By the niUUous.
Thousands upon thousands of the families
who now have computers also have little kids.
These kids represent an enormous market for
software. Software companies and traditional
publishing companies are leaping into this market
by the dozens. All of a sudden we are being
deluged by programs for little kids.
Software Reviews
In future columns, I will continue to write about
the computer friend and about "programming
languages" for little kids (see my column last
month.) But I will also devote part of each column
to reviewing the best of the new software for little
kids.
If you don't find a major piece of software
reviewed in my column, look for it in other COM-
PUTE! columns (such as in Glenn Kleiman's or
David Thornburg's column or in the Reviews
section of each issue.) Or write me directly (Fred
D'lgnazio, 2117 Carter Road, SW, Roanoke, VA
24015). I'll get the software and respond to vou
personally. If it merits review, I'll also include it
in a forthcoming column.
E.T. On Your Computer
Everybody is going computer. Everything that
now appears in a book, in the comics, in the
movies, or on TV will soon be loaded into a com-
puter. Within the next few years, we will see all
our kids' heroes and superherocs, myths, fairy
tales, and favorite characters appear electronically
on personal computers. Big Bird, Strawberry
Shortcake, and Papa Smurf will all be com-
puterized. So will Batman, Wonder Woman, and
NEW MULTI-USER SOFTWARE LETS THE WHOLE FAMILY
SHARE IN THE JOY OF LEARNING.
Is the personal computer doing all It can to help
our children learn?
To some degree, no, although it's not fair to blame
it entirely on the computer. After all, computers are
only as good as their software.
How can we improve this situation?
A solution already exists. But first, some back-
ground.
Where personal campulers fail.
For years, studies have shown that children learn
more ehiciently in group situations. Peer groups, tor
example, motivate slower learners to persevere.
Groups of older and younger children encourage
divergent thinking. Even the simple "group" of a
parent and child promotes faster acceptance of
new ideas by combining education with trust
and confidence,
Bu! personal computers and their programs are
designed to be personal. One computer, one child.
It's hard for anyone else to be pari of the learning
experience, even you.
At least not until today
A simple solutien.
When two educational researchers. Dr. Matilda But-
ler and Or William Paisley, observed I his problem
they proposed an interesting, yet simple, solution.
Instead of writing programs that shut out brothers,
sisters, tnends, and parents, why not give everyone
(he opportunity to share learning simultaneously. This
one idea sparked an entire line of unique educational
programs and gave birth to a new company, Edupro.
Software that shares.
With Edupro's Microgroup'" computer programs,
up to eight players work at solving math, language,
social studies, or science problems which are pre-
sented as contests, races, and puzzles. The players
work together, either competitively or cooperatively,
as they race against time, each other, or both.
The Math-Race program, for example, converts
your computer into an electronic race track where
children compete to answer math problems and
advance toward the finish line. Picture-Play encour-
ages everyone to create pictures together, teaching
both spatial relationships and the value of coopera-
tion. And Team-Work combines both cooperation and
Atari ■ and 4e0 / 800" are Iradematte of ATARI Inc.
competition by pitting two teams (of up to four play-
ers) against each other in a race to solve word and
number puzzles.
For the first time, your personal computer can
bring all the benefits of group learning info your
home. With a little assist from Edupro.
Designed for the simplest computers.
These unique programs run on the Atari 400 or
800, two of the worid's most popular home com-
puters. Remember, these aren't game cartridges,
they're full computer programs, designed by educa-
tors. All are available on floppy disk or cassette, and
each one requires the minimum amount of computer
memory (16K for cassette, 24K for disk), That means
the simplest Atari computer can let your children
share the learning experience with up to seven addi-
tional friends. Joysticks required for Word-Draw,
Math -Hunt, and Picture-Play; paddles required for
Word-Race, Math-Race, and Team-Work.
Trust your awn experience.
At the fall 1982 Computer-Using Educators Confer-
ence hundreds of educators witnessed hands-on
demonstrations of our programs. H^lany of them said
that this was a most effective way to judge their
potential. But we want to offer you an even better
npportimify One those educators missed.
n
Ecfupro
Edupro ^
We want you and your children to experience this
new way to learn. So ctioose one or more programs
on either disk or cassette. Try them yourself. Watch
your children get more excited about learning. Enjoy
the thrill of sharing the experience with them. We
know of no other software ttiat can tum a personal
computer into a tool for sharing the joy of learning.
Fill out tfie order form and see the results for
yourself.
tnn\ to share Ihe joy ol learning v^ith my children Please send
me the programs I've indicaled below, I understand thai ea[;li
program is availaljle on either disk or cassette Imy choice) and
comes wilh a complete se! ol instructions ans catalog feting over
50 programs. Plus a coupon good lor a 10% dscount on my next
order
Quantity F^ogram De$criptian
for
Disk
fol
Cassatta
STORYBOOK FRIENDS: Ages 5-9
WORD-DRAVJ.
Storytook People and Places
MATH.HUNT sjumber Relationships
AWEHICAN THEMES: Ages B-13
TEAM-WORK: Smal Studies
MATH-HUNT: Amencan Years:
Multiplication and Division
THE WORLD AROUND US: Ages 12-AdulI
WORD-DRAW: Science
MATH-RACE: Powers and Roots
JUST FOR FUN: All Ages
PICTURE-PLAY
Total t
Total Amount S
programs on disk @ S24.95 each
programs on cassette @ S19.95 each
Picture-Play, disk ([r S19-95 _
Picture-Play casselte (.;■ SI4.95 _
CA residents add sales taj
Postage and tiandlmg
Total _
My check or money order is enclosed for $_
Please bill MasterCard Visa
(card m.)
Name
Address ,
City
S2.S0
fexp date)
_ Slate .
Signaluie
Allow 3 weeks (or delivery
-ZiP-
Satislactlon guaranieed-
Send to: Edupro. Depr COl, PO. Box 51346, Palo Alto, CA 94303.
Wnle to above address (o- Brochure/ catalog listing
or phooe inquines: (416) '!94-2790
Edupro
Edupro. RO BoK 51346 ■ Pak) Alio, CA 9430:
94303. (4151 494-2790
< If reading a
^ memory locations isn't
enough, the Memory
Map Tutorial lets you
watch them work. It is the
perfect companion to the
Master Memory Map. We dis-
cuss In detail over 30 of the most
important memory locations and
their functions...l6K tape or disk
required. $29.95 for ATARI com
/ M^- VV
THE MOSTVALUABLE REFERENCE BOOK YOU CAN BUY
ALL NEW - GREATLY EXPANDED!
TTi e Master Memory Map™ is a guide for begin ners and
experts to the hidden treasures of your computer. We
will show you hundreds of memory locations that you
can change using PEEK and POKE statements. By
altering the contents of these locations you can really get
creative with your computer. Fascinating things you
never dreamed you could do are now possible. We
explain the locations controlling Player Missile
Graphics, Sound Effects, the GTIA chip. Display
Lists and more. There are also hints on speeding
up BASIC programs and using memory more
efficiently, just to name a few. The ATARI
version of the MMM will also include pages of
information on the I200XL Put sonne magic
into your programs with our Master Memory
Map...
For ATARI - 512.95
For Commodore 64 - 514.95
For V(C-20 - 59.95
^?s
"The book just oozes good information
and is truly one of the great values for
the Atari."
Gordon Banks, Huntsville Users Group
puters.
X
EDUCATIONAL
SOFTWARE, inc
i
Have you everwondered what ki nd of pets they used to
ketp way back when? This game takes you t»d< to
Morocco In the 9th century to try and win a pet snake
from Sheba, a very wily snake charmer. All you have to
do 13 guide your new friend through 7 levels o( feeding.
This game is written in BAS IC and machine language so
it can be listed - and you can see how an arcade game is
developed! Requires I6K tape or 32K disk. S2-4.95
Q
o
AVAILABLE FROM M05T DEALERS
WRPTE FOR A FREE CATALOG
■456S Cherryvaie Ave., Soquel CA 9S073
CALL FOR ORDERING INFORMATION
MC/VISA/COD: (800) 691-9520 OR (408) 476-4901
AVAILABLE FROM MOST DEALERS
WRfTE FOR A FREE CATALOG
4S6S Cherryvale Avt^ Soquel, CA 9S073
CALL FOR ORDERING INFORMATION
MC/VISA/COD: (800) 692-9520 OR (408) 476-4901
PROGRAM
EXCHANGE
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE inL
NEW from EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE:
Proto's Favorite Games - Proto just loves kJds and in his new
adventures they can help him try his skills at bowling, 15 (a number
puzzle), connea-the-dots and squai-B-4. For I6K upe or 32K disic
$29.95
Proto's Fun Day - Proto will have an entertaining day with kids
(ages 4 to 10) helping him match shap^ assemble new robots in
Professor Von Chip's lab, and grow a blooming garden in two
different vrtys. I6K Tape or 32K Disk $29.95
Mov1<?83 COMPUTf! 135
Cat in the I i.U. So will l'L2-D2 and E.T.
Some of this new software will bo junk: dnll,
of little educational value, using the big names
(like E.T. or the Smurfs) only for the purpose of
hooking the kids.
But there will also be a !t)t of good software.
Its range and diversity will be breathtaking. And
it will be fun niui educational. Some of the new
packages include PLATO software from Control
Data Corporation; "Sesame Street" software from
the Children's Coiiiptitcr Workshop (CCW is a
spin-off from CTVV, the Children's Tele\'isiiMi
Workshop); "Dr. Seuss" software and games from
Theodore Geiss and Coleco; electronic books from
TI that read themselves (using TI's Magic Wand '''
bar code reader); plus software from dozens o\
other major companies and institutions, including
the Children's Capitol Museum in Washington,
D.C., and Milton Bradley.
I'll review all of these major software prtiducts
in this column and give prices and the names and
addresses where the products can be obtained.
An Unparalleled Oppoitunity
The flood of programs for little kids is the cutting
edge of the computer revolution. Programs for
older kicis and for adults will also have a powerful
impact. But the impact on little kids will be the
greatest.
Why? First, because thev are little kids. Com-
puters will be among the first things they see.
Computer-assisted learning will be part of their
earliest learning experience. It will affect what
thev learn and hoxo Ihev learn. It will shape kids'
feelings about learning in general.
Second, up until now, most learning bv
little kids has been informal. Very few children
today receive sustained, cumulative instruction
before the age of five, when they are enrolled in
kindergarten.
Soon all this is going to change. Four-year-
olds, three-year-olds, two-year-olds, and kids
even younger will sit down in front of their family
computers and run exciting, fun programs that
teach them things thev otherwise wouldn't learn
until they were twice as old. Or even older.
Third, much of this learning will be nonin-
stitutional and extracurricular. Educational TV
programs like Scsainc Street made a stab at turning
the home into a "learning center." Now computers
and the new "todciler" software will make this
possible. Formal learning at home will skyrocket.
And it will be largely self-sustained and unsuper-
vised. Parents will encourage their kids to run the
programs. Bui the kids will either do it or not.
The amount of learning that takes place will de-
pend mostlv on the kids themselves and on the
quality of tlie software thev are exposed to.
When this class of computer-literate kids
enters the public school system, watch out. Each
kid will test out at a different grade level on liiffcn'nf
subjects. The strain on public schools will be enor-
mous. Parents will pressure schools to continue
the individualized instruction that the children
began at home on their computers. The schools
will have to respond. Whether they want to or
not, the public schools, from kindergarten up,
will be forced to computerize their curriculums
extensively. Otherwise, the teachers will be over-
whelmed by too many kids operating at too many
levels.
Millions of our youngest
children will soon be
exposed to computer software
embodying all sorts of values.
What will be the outcome of all these changes
in ternis of children's \'alues and the overall quality
of their development? Millions of our voungest
children will soon be exposed to computer soft-
ware emboclving all sorts of values. These wiiues
will affect the children's emotional disposition,
their learning ability, and their social and spiritual
development.
Little kids are especially vulnerable to new
values. Their character still has not fully formed.
And vet what supervision are these kids likelv to
get when the\' sit down at their computer and run
these programs? What control will parents, and
even teachers, have on the shape and scope of
their kids' development?
I will deal with these important questions
and others like tiiem in future columns. Also, I'd
like to hear from you readers. What are i/oiir
views?
The Learning Center
What is the best way to teach little kids? Is it drill?
Simulation? Invention? Discoverv? Games? Or
some combination?
The programs now appearing for children
are based on one or more of the above learning
philosophies. When you are selecting software
for your kids, it's good to know which philosophy
(or methodology) the software uses.
For each of the various philosophies, there
are several good software packages. Drill is
perhaps the oldest form of computer instruction.
In recent years, drill programs have been maligned
because they are said to be unimaginative, they
don't take full advantage of the computer, and
"thev program kids, rather than the other way
around."
13a COMPVIE! MovWaS
Ihe Light Pen
at^thc
Right Price:
5-24-
Less is more. This
maxim has never been
more true than now with
the introduction of our new
Edumate Light Pen. This
affordable and reliable tool
was originally designed and
developed for use with our
Learning Center educational soft-
ware—however, it is the perfect
accessory for your Atari 400/800,
VIC-20 or Commodore 64, regardless
of application. Response has been so
overwhelming that we now announce a
new price schedule for quantity orders:
1-4-«29«»'each
»20«^each 25-99— «19^« each
100 and more— *17" each
Order now! See your local dealer or order direct.
New catalog $2.00. Visa and MasterCard accepted—
please add $2.00 for postage and handling.
Call toll free!
1-800-334-SQFT
DEALER IirQTriRIES INVITED
a division of FUTUBB HOUSE — dept. c
P.O. box 3470, cliapel hill, nortli Carolina 27514, 919-967-0861
Bui drill picigianis have n place, ospociailv
whun they are tun and exciting, and when Ihev
teach new tacts and concepts.
One drill-type package 1 recommend is The
LctiDiiii;^ Center, written bv Bruce Mitchell. Bruce
and his wife Diane run the Small World kinder-
garten and preschool in Durham, North Carolina.
Diane is one of Small World's teachers. Bruce and
Diane also have two young sons. Bruce's programs
are based on experiences with his sons, one ot
whom had a learning disabilitv, and on several
years experience with kids at Small World.
The programs are divided into three areas:
Special Skills, Math and Number Skills, and Lan-
guage Skills. The Special Skills section covers
identification of colors, color names, and shape
recognition and differentiation. The Math and
Number Skills section covers countintz, number
recognition, addition and subtraction, and ones
and tens. The Language Skills section includes
programs tor alphabet recognition, letter se-
quence, and symbol discrimination.
Children can interact with the programs using
the computer keyboard or an inexpensive light
pen sold bv Tlic Lcaniiii;^ Center's distributor, the
Programmer's Institute. The programs are very
friendly ancl easy to use. Thev are appropriate
even for the youngest, non-reading children. Mv
three-year-old, Eric, likes them a lot- especially
the "Count with Me" program that lets him "count
the monsters."
My only criticism is that the color program is
sometimes not responsive to the light pen. 1
learned that this can be corrected bv turning up
mv monitor's contrast control. The problem is
present only in the Atari version and will be cor-
rected with a new, more sensitive Atari light pen
soon to be available from Programmer's histitute.
The Learning Center programs cost $74.95 for a
cassette and S79.95 for a diskette. I have the ver-
sion that runs on the Atari 400/800. I understand
they also run on the VIC, the Commodore 64, the
TRS-80 Model I, Model III, and Color Computer,
the Apple, and the TI-99/4A.
The Edumate'' light pen costs $34.95. To
find out more about the light pen and Tlie Le(ir)iiiig
Center package, contact:
The Pn>'^raiui!ier''f lji>titutv
P.O. Box 3191
Ouipcl Hill, NC 275U
919-967-0S61
KinderComp
Two other excellent software packages are Kinder-
Comp and Rhymes & Riddles, distributed by Spin-
naker Software Corporation of Cambridge, Mas-
sachusetts. Both packages employ several teach-
ing philosophies. They are so attractive and fun
to use that they have captivated my entire family.
inckrding three-year-old Eric, seven-vear-old
Catie, and their parents.
Each package is S29.95. They are available for
the Atari computers, the Apple 11 -I- (48K, DOS
3.3) and He, and the IBM PC. Contact:
Spiniuiker Softwure Corponilio}!
215 Firsl Street
Cttiiibrids^e, MA 02142
617-SbS-47(H} .
Ki)iderCon!p was written by Doug Da\'is for
his daughter Amy. The name makes it sound like
a collection of arithmetic programs, but it is really
six programs that teach a diverse group of numer-
ical and alphabet-oriented skills.
One ot the programs is called "Draw." It can
be used by even the youngest children (say, kids
under two). To work the program, the child twists
a joystick and creates multicolored, musical pic-
tures on the cHispIay screen.
My three-year-old had no problem using
Draw to create all sorts of shapes. When 1 asked
him to tell me what he was drawing, I was bog-
gled. "Up here, Daddy," he said, "is an upside-
down two. Over here is a house. These are steps.
This is the roof. This here is the room where the
doggie lives. This isa hotel. That's a big swimming
pool. Over here is the fire escape. This green stuff
is Hulk Grass. It's bigger than the hotel."
Draw is a super program because of its visual
and auditory ieedback, because it's so easy to
use, and because it stimulates a child's manual
dexterity, creativity, and artistic skills.
The other KinderComp programs are more
focused and less open-ended. But thev arc original
and exciting. "Scribble" amplifies anti animates a
child's random scribbles. "Names" turns a chiki's
name into a fascinating sound and light show.
(Boy, was 1 jealous when Eric turned his name
into a hilarious musical cartoon. I never got that
kind of reinforcement with my name "Fred.")
"Sequence" helps kids learn number se-
quence; "Letters" teaches them lowercase letters
and the location of letters on the keyboard; and
"Match" is a great pattern-matching game.
Both the Lear)nng Center programs from Pro-
grammer's Institute and KinderComp from Spin-
naker are valuable for the speeifie skills they teach
young children. But they are equally valuable as
"doorways" for children to enter the world of
computers. Even the vcnmgesl children can use
the computer for fun, purposeful activities that
theif control. They learn the computer keyboard.
Thev learn how to manipulate and respond to
material on the display screen. They learn how to
operate the computer and run programs.
Computer skills still baffle and intimidate a
large number of adults. People once believed that
mastery of these skills required a college educa-
138 COMPUH! Mav1983
tion. Yet The Learning Center and KinderContp teach
these skills to little kids who are still running
around in diapers.
An important aspect of toddler software is
the way it reinforces children's response - that is,
the way it responds to kids' right and wrong an-
swers. Both The Learning Cetiter (LC) and Kinder-
Contp (KC) score high in this category. For right
answers, LC gives a happy face and a happy tune;
KC gives a happy face with a wink. For wrong
answers, LC gives a sad face and a toot; KC gives
a sad face crying a big tear.
I like both packages' responses to wrong an-
swers because they are quickly over and do not
intimidate a child. I like KC's response very much
because the computer doesn't show disapproval
or anger when the child errs. Instead it becomes
sad.
KC is good also because it gives the child hints
when he is wrong, and eventually gives him the
right answer. But after the child gets an answer
wrong, he is not rewarded for later getting it right.
This confused my son Eric. When he didn't get a
happy face on the screen for an answer at which he
had worked especially hard, he wilted a little bit.
On the other hand, KC is especially good
because it lets the child follow his progress with a
string of pluses ( -}- ) on the screen (one "plus" for
each correct answer). And the child gets a special
reward for answering a series of questions cor-
rectly. This feature made a big hit with Eric.
Last, I also recommend Rhymes & Riddles,
another package from Spinnaker. R&R was writ-
ten by a husband and wife team. The format is
"updated, nonviolent Hangman." On the screen
appear a bunch of dashes. The dashes represent
missing letters. The child tries to guess the letters.
By guessing all the letters, a child builds either 1)
a nursery rhyme, 2) the answer to a riddle (Sample
riddle: Why can't bikes stand up? Answer: Because
they are two tired.), or 3) a famous saying.
If a child doesn't guess the right letters after a
certain number of tries, she doesn't see some poor
little man or woman get hanged. Instead, she
builds a sad face, and the program displays the
correct letters.
All three games (The Learning Center, Kinder-
Comp, and Rhymes & Riddles) help kids learn the
computer keyboard, the letters of the alphabet,
and the spelling of different words. The kids'
learning is reinforced with colorgraphics pictures
and musical segments taken from nursery rhymes
and the children's songs.
Kids' Computer Magazines
Software for kids isn't the only thing that's hap-
pening. There are also a growing number of kids'
computer magazines. Three good ones that I
recommend are:
CompuKids ($16/vear; $9/half-year) P.O. Box
874, Sedalia, MO 65301. Call (toll-free) 800-
822-KIDS. Wide range of articles, tutorials,
interviews, stories, puzzles, and games for
kids just getting started in computers.
Elementary school and junior high. Also,
Compu Kids Computer Club (for an additional
$8/year).
Enter ($12,95/year) Children's Television
Workshop, One Lincoln Plaza, New York,
NY 10023. Call 212-595-3456. Like CompuKids,
a wide range of articles, stories, puzzles,
games, etc. Glossy, full-color format pat-
terned after CTW's Sesame Street and 3-2-1
Contact magazines. For kids seven and up.
Turtle Nezvs and Logo Neioslettcr (Kids $9/year;
Adults $25/year) Young Peoples' Logo As-
sociation, 1208 Hillsdale Drive, Richardson,
TX 75081. Call 214-783-7548. Focus on Logo,
PILOT, and Turtle Graphics programming,
but also features articles and programs in
BASIC. Education, entertainment, and ma-
terial to help kids with special needs. For
kids seven and up.
All three of these magazines encourage kids
to contribute articles, stories, and programs. C
VIC.20 ATARI
.i .4 A-m\S
CHILD
DEVELOPMENT
SERIES
(forttie3.5K VICand
16K ATARI)
ADD/SUB— 516.95
Displays single or multiple
digits with Of w/o pictures,
borrows, carries, scoring,
and audio/video feedback.
LOST!— S16.95
A small child is lost.
You lead the search teams.
"Help/Hint" and
"Save" Functions.
Develops deductive reasoning.
BECi IS composed ot professionals dedicated
providing non-irivia! educational materials lor tfie
computer In addition to our own software, we carr
line of evaluated hardware and software. Send
(refundable) for our catalog.
to
home
y a full
S2
Serjd ctieck or money order to:
BOSTON EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING, INC.
78 Dartmoutti Street, Boston, MA 02116
(617)536-5116 'MA res. add 5% tax
May 1983 COMPUTE! '.iV
FRIENDS OF THE TURTLE
David D Thornburg. Associate Editor
Robots Are Turtles, Too
With the continuing development of excellent
turtle graphics environments on every computer
with a halfway decent display, it is easv to lose
sight of the fact that the turtle was originally a
computer-controlled robot. The power and ease
of turtle graphics have allowed the screen-based
progeny to totally eclipse their mechanical
forebears.
While Friends of the Turtle supports and
encourages the use of mechanical turtles such as
the Big Trak and the Terrapin Turtle, we haven't
received many comments from the users of these
devices. Because of the recent entry of the Heath
and Androbot robots (see this month's Computers
And Socict}/ column), 1 think it is about time for us
to make it clear that we will grow even more ag-
gressive in our support of turtles - both mechani-
cal and screen-oriented.
Although people who use turtles often share
a common programming language, the interests
of people who use one type of turtle are different
from those who use the other. The speed, preci-
sion, color, and available complexity of a display
turtle present challenges of a different sort from
those of a mechanical, imprecise, and (relatively)
slow robot. Where the user of screen turtles might
be interested in the creation of landscapes, the
user of a robot may be more interested in solving
mazes.
Both people may use the same language (e.g.,
Logo) and computer system, but each has a dif-
ferent set of objectives. We want this column to
be a comfortable home to all turtle users. You can
help make it one by sharing your applications
with us.
For example, one marvelous application for
the Big Trak was developed by Katie Thornburg
for use with school children between second and
sixth grades. She uses several dozen pieces of 1 x
4 inch wood cut into 13-inch lengths (the length
corresponding to one forward unit of Big Trak
motion). She places these pieces of wood on a 4 x
8-foot sheet of pegboard to create a maze that
140 COMPU1S MoyWaS
each child must "program" his or her way out of.
By having the constraints of a maze (rather
than a more general problem, such as moving in a
square path), the children are highly motivated to
create error-free programs. Additional challenges
can be created by having two teams race against
each other, or by having each of two teams con-
struct a maze to be solved by the other team. This
inexpensive addition to the Big Trak has greatly
increased the value of this tool in the computer
classroom.
Turtles At The CES
There were at least three things I saw at the Winter
Consumer Electronics Show that are of value to
friends of the turtle. The first of these was the
introduction of the Mattel Aquarius computer
(currently selling for under $170) with an under
$100 Logo cartridge. While the graphics resolution
on this computer isn't tremendous, I was im-
pressed by the fact that Mattel's Logo was de-
veloped by The LISP Company. Since Logo is a
user-friendly version of LISP (L/St Processing), I
felt comforted to know that this would not be a
pure turtle graphics package passing itself off as
Logo.
The second delight was a preview of a forth-
coming turtle graphics package for the Commo-
dore 64 from HES. I am very impressed with this
program. Once 1 get a copy, I will review it in this
column.
The third development of interest was the
introduction of a new company, Androbot. This
company, founded by Atari founder Nolan
Bushnell, introduced a computer-operated robot
named TOPO and a self-contained android named
B.O.B. (Brains On Board). TOPO is described in
this month's Computers And Society column, so 1
won't say any more about it here.
B.O.B. is a thoroughly engaging creation
programmed to "seek" people out and initiate
"conversations" with them. To help with this
task, B.O.B. sports five Polaroid ultrasonic posi-
tion sensors to map the environment, and two IR
NENK
presents
Captain Cosmo is an
exciting fast-action video
arcadegame.lt can be play-
ed by 1 to 4 players and has
99 skiH levels. Tr/ it and you
can't let go!
Requires Atari 400/800 with
32 K Joysticks, and a Disl^
Drive.
Delta Squadron is a
strategic war game that really
puts you in the pilot's seat.
With this game you will ex-
perience the thrill and excite-
ment of a real space pilot.
Delta Squadron is a "must"
for all strategic game enthu-
siasts, and a change of pace
for those who wants a chal-
lenge!
Requires 64K Apple II with
DOS 3.3 and paddle.
Superbowl Football
is a realistic football game,
You can design your own
plays and has thousands of
defensive and offensive
plays. This is the ultimate in
computer football games.
Requires Atari 400/800 with
48K a Disk Drive and Joysticks.
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At the same time, they fascinate arid delight the child
hour after hour with lovable, interactive playmates.
All PDI Preschool Challengers feature brilliant graphics,
color, music and exciting sound effects, and some
have voice narrations.
Available 16K ATARI {Cassette w/joystick) and
24K ATARI (Disk w/joystick) Preschool IQ Builder 1
available on 32K APPLE (Disk).
THE ADVENTURES OF OSWALD
Using the joystick, your child helps Oswald climb,
run and jump through two different adventures.
Includes "Oswald and the Golden Key" in which
Oswald eludes a pesky ghost
SAMMY THE SEA SERPENT
Features three story adventure games in which
Sammy gets into a lot of tight spots-including
finding his way back to the sea.
HERE COMES VIOLET
Violet (her name and color!) has a real problem-
she's the cutest monster ever seen, BUT she
wants to be ugly so she can scare people. A
delightful interactive adventure.
PRESCHOOL 10 BUILDER 1
A stimulation program m two parts.
a, Decide if pairs of figures are similar or not.
b. fvlalch the letter on the screen with the correct
one on the keyboard.
PRESCHOOL 10 BUILDER 2
The face on the screen sings a happy song when
the correct match is made between letters, num-
bers, symbols or words. 6 levels of difficulty.
Available at leading stores or direct from PDI.
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sensors to find people (and other warm bodies
such as stoves, spotlij^hts, etc.). These sensors
feed information to a central computer that uses
three 8088 processors with up to 3 M bvtes of
RAIVI.
What makes B.O.B. so interesting is its po-
tential to dynamically proi^ram itself. In principle,
B.O.B. can make a map of a room and develop an
optimal path for perl'orming some task, such as
vacuuming a rug.
B.O.B. charmed everyone \vho saw it - espe-
cialK' when it became clear that no one knew
exactly what B.O.B. was going to do next, or how
it was going to get out of a jam.
Androids using adaptive programming tech-
niques represent the next generatit>n of robots. If
vou write programs using a list processing lan-
guage such as Logo, you have all the tools vou
neeci to develop adaptive programs yourself.
Robots can (and will) he very sophisticated in
the near future. But thev are a lot of fun as well.
So don't forget that Friends of the Turtle is a place
for ideas on both screen and mechanical turtles.
Let me hear from vou!
fcji'/zi/.s of the Turtle
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M? COMPUTE! MavW83
Sinclair/Timex
Guess That Animal
Ralph Kennedy
T///.S- article adapts a prcvioushj puhUshed COMPUTE!
piv;^yaui to the Siiiclaii- ZX-Sl . It is also a brief tutorial
on the special features of the ZX-Sl 's BASIC, showiiig
how you can reload programs without loshig data pre-
viously saved . Tlie prognv>i requires 16K.
This is an tidiiption tor tho Sinclair ZX-81 of Daniel
Hastic's "Guess that Animal!" program, which
appeared in the August 1982 issue of COMPUTE!.
The I6K RAM pack is required.
The most significant difference between Has-
tie's versions (for PET and Atari) and the ZX-81
version is that no tiata tapes are used. The ZX-81
is not equipped to read or write such tapes, but it
does save all variables and arrays when it saves
programs. This means that if vou plav the game
for a while and then save the program, it will be
more "knowledgeable" when it is reloaded than
it was in its pristine state.
Saving The Program
Incidentally, t)n those occasions when vou have
no need of a record of the values of the variables
in a program you are saving, you can save an
amount of time roughly proportional to the
amount of memory set aside for variables and
arrays simply by entering CLEAR before saving
the program.
When you have typed this program into your
ZX-Sl and have assured vourself that all is well
with it, enter CLEAR and save the program once
so that you have on tape a reasonably quick-
loading version without variables. Later, after
you've played the game for .some time and want
to save program and data, simpiv respond with a
N to the question "Would you like to try again?"
and you will then sec instructions on saving the
data.
A version saved in accordance with these
instructions will begin running automatically
when it is loaded back into the computer. If you
save the program by stopping it and entering
SAVE, be sure to start it using GOTO START when
you reload. Using RUN will wipe out all the data
you spent so much time saving and loading.
ZX-81 BASIC Special Features
Two rather nice features of the ZX-81's BASIC are
exploited in this program to aid in documentation
and in ease of use. These are (1) its acceptance of
long variables (with all characters being signifi-
cant), and (2) its acceptance of such commands as
GOTO MEMCHECK, GOSUB TRUNCATE, etc.
These features enable a programmer to write
a well-documented program with fewer REM
statements than would otherwise be needed, since
lines like 467 GOTO MEMCHECK are reasonably
self-documenting. They also make possible the
use, mentioned above, of GOTO START to start a
program without losing data or, when CONT
doesn't work, to get back into a stopped program
at the right place and without losing data.
Finally, these special features enable the
programmer during debugging to use such com-
mands as LIST GET or LIST ASK to list sections of
the program where problems are suspected. All
this c^n be quite hanciv for those whose memory
for numbers leaves something to be desired. Just
be sure that the first thing your program does is
define the relevant variables, and you're in
business.
Note: Underlined characters should be entered in inverse
video.
10 PRINT "IF YOU HAVE USED RUN, ALL BUT S
TARTER DATA HAVE BEEN LOST."
20 PRINT
30 PRINT "PRESS BREAK , RELOAD, AND USE GO
TO START IF YOU WANT TO USE OLD D
ATA . "
40 PRINT
50 PRINT AT 10,0; "IF YOU ENTER AN ANIMAL ~
OR A QUESTION INCORRECTLY,"
60 PRINT "YOU CAN CORRECT YOUR MISTAKE BY
ENTERING ""s"" IMMEDIATELY."
70 PRINT "YOU WILL THEN BE GIVEN A CHANCE
TO MAKE A NEW ENTRY."
80 PRINT AT 21,0; "PRESS n/L TO START."
85 PAUSE 3E4
90 FAST
100 REM *GUESS THAT ANIMAL*
110 REM
170 REM **READ STARTER DATA**
180 GOSUB 900
2 40 REM ** START GAME **
2 50 CLS
260 PRINT "THINK OF AN ANIMAL, AND I WILL '
TRY TO GUESS IT. "
280 PRINT AT 21, 0; "PRESS N/L WHEN READY.
290 PAUSE 3E4
MovWS3 COMPUn! 143
295
300
310
320
322
324
328
330
333
337
3 40
341
342
344
350
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625
650
655
660
665
670
675
CLS
REM ** SET UP ANSWER STRING AND POINTE
R **
LET C?=""
FOR Z=l TO NS
GOSUB ASK
NEXT Z
REM SEARCH FOR MATCH
LET K=LEN C$
FOR 1= NS+1 TO N
IF TS(I, TO K) =C? THEN GOTO 350
NEXT I
REM NO MATCH FOUND
GOTO 450
REM MATCH FOUND
LET Z=I
LET I=N
NEXT I
GOSUB ASK
GOTO 3 30
REM
REM
REM *GUESSED IT OR GIVE UP*
IF A$="Y" THEN PRINT G?
IF A5="Y" THEN GOTO 700
GOTO MEMCHECK
PRINT "I GIVE UP, WHAT IS IT?"
INPUT M$
IF M$ ="" THEN GOTO 475
IF LEN M$>=35 THEN PRINT "TOO LONG. MO
PI FY NAME"
IF LEN M$>=35 THEN GOTO 475
PRINT " ";M5
PRINT
LET H$=Q5(Z) (7 TO )
GOSUB CLEAR SCREEN
PRINT "WHAT WOULD BE A GOOD QUESTION T
0 TELL THAT FROM "; H$
INPUT N$
IF N$="S" THEN GOTO 5010
IF N$="" THEN GOTO 520
IF LEN N$>45 THEN PRINT "QUESTION IS. _T
00 LONG. TRY ANOTHER"
IF LEN N$>45 THEN GOTO 520
IF N$(LEN N?)< > "?" THEN LET N?=N$+"?
II
GOSUB CLEAR SCREEN
PRINT N?
PRINT
PRINT "WHAT WOULD BE THE ANSWER FOR ";
M$;"?";" ";
GOSUB GET
LET R5=INKEY$
IF R$< >"S" AND R?< > "Y" AND R? < > "
N" THEN GOTO 5 50
IF R?="S" THEN GOTO 5040
PRINT ("YES" AND R$="Y" )+( "NO" AND R?=
"N")
PAUSE 60
PRINT
REM
REM *
STION
LET Q$(Z)=N?
REM * ADD OLD AND NEW FINAL GUESSES
LET X$=T$(Z)
GOSUB TRUNCATE
LET T5(N+1)=T?(Z, TO K)+"Y"
LET T5(n+2)=T$(Z, to K)+"N"
LET q5(N + 1) = "IS IT "+(m5 AljJD R?
H? AND R$="N")+"?"
REPLACE FINAL GUESS WITH NEW QUE
*
680
690
695
700
710
740
750
760
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
900
905
910
920
930
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1010
1020
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1120
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1410
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1430
1440
1450
"+(m$ and R$="N" )+(
LET Q$(N+2)="IS IT
H? AND R$="Y")+"?"
LET N=N+2
GOSUB CLEAR SCREEN
PRINT "WOULD YOU LIKE TO TRY AGAIN?"
GOSUB GET
LET A$=INKEY5
IF A$="Y" THEN GOTO 250
IF A?< >"N" THEN GOTO 710
CLS
PRINT "READY TAPE RECORDER FOR SAVE. "
PRINT
PRINT "PRESS PLAY AND RECORD, AND THEN
N/L TO SAVE PROGRAM AND DATA."
PAUSE 4E4
SAVE "GUESS THAT ANIMAL"
CLS
GOTO 240
REM ** INITIALIZE VARIABLES WITH START
ER DATA **
CLEAR
DIM T$(101,20)
DIM Q$(101,45)
LET START=240
ASK=1350
TRUNCATE=1510
CLEAR SCREEN=2000
MEMCHECK=2510
GET=3010
N=ll
NS=3
T$(1)="S"
T$(2)="S"
T$(3)="S"
T$(4)="NNN"
T5(5)="NNY"
T$(6)="NYN"
T5(7)="NYY"
T$C8)="YNN"
T5(9)="YNY"
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
LET
T?(10)="YYN"
'YYY"
'DOES IT HAVE FOUR
'IS IT DOMESTIC?"
'DOES IT EAT MEAT?"
'IS IT A WORM?"
AN EAGLE?"
A CHICKEN?"
A MAN?"
AN ELEPHANT?
A WOLF?"
A COW?"
FEET?'
'IS
'IS
'IS
'IS
'IS
IS
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
T{11)='
Q?(l) =
Q?(2)='
Q5C3) =
Q?(4)=-
Q?(5)='
Q?(6)='
Q?(7) =
Q$(8) =
LET Q$(9) =
LET Q$(10)='
LET Q$(11)="IS IT A DOG?"
LET GS="GOOD, I GUESSED IT."
RETURN
REM
REM
REM PRINTS QUESTIONS AND GETS ANSWERS
GOSUB CLEAR SCREEN
PRINT Q5(z) ; " "?
GOSUB GET
LET A$=INKEY$
IF A$="Y" OR A5="N" THEN GOTO 1440
Y")+(
GOTO 13 70
LET C$=C5+A$
PRINT ( "YES"
"N")
1460 RETURN
1470 REM
1480 REM
1500 REM TRUNCATE
AND A?="Y")+("NO" AND A9=
(FINDS LAST NONSPACE)
1Ji COMPUTE! MOV1963
1510 FOR K=l TO LEN X$
1520 IF X$(K)=" " THEN GOTO 1540
1530 NEXT K
1540 LET K=K-1
15 50 RETURN
1999 REM CLEAR SCREEN WHEN FULL
2000 IF PEEK 16442<=5 THEN CLS
2010 RETURN
2020 REM
2 500 REM MEMCHECK
2510 GOSUB CLEAR SCREEN
2520 IF N<=99 THEN GOTO 470
2530 CLS
2 540 PRINT "NO ROOM FOR NEW ANIMALS."
2550 PRINT AT 5,10; "MENU"
2 560 PRINT AT 10, 0; "1. ERASE CURRENT ANI
MALS AND START OVER."
2570 PRINT "2. CONTINUE PLAYING WITH CURRE
NT FILE."
2580 PRINT "3. SAVE CURRENT FILE."
2590 PRINT "4. FINISH."
2600 PRINT AT 21,0; "ENTER OPTION NUMBER."
2610 LET A?=INKEY?
2630 IF A5="l" THEN GOTO 180
2640 IF A$="2" THEN GOTO START
2650 IF A$="3" THEN GOTO 800
2660 IF A$="4" THEN STOP
2670 GOTO 2610
3000 REM WAIT TO GET SINGLE CHARACTER FROM
KEYBOARD
3 010 SLOW
3020 IF INKEY$< >
3030 IF INKEY? =
3040 FAST
3050 RETURN
3060 REM
3 070 REM
5000 REM CORRECTIONS
5010 CLS
5015 PRINT "ENTER NEW ANIMAL."
5020 INPUT M$
5030 GOTO 482
5 040 CLS
5042 PRINT "ENTER NEW QUESTION
5045 FAST
5050 INPUT N$
5060 GOTO 525
THEN GOTO 3020
THEN GOTO 3030
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An Intriguing
New Release from
COMPUTE! Books:
Every Kid's
First Book
Of Robots
And Computers
By David Thornburg
From the author's preface:
"Tills book allows children to develop
skills in computer programming and
geometry through the use of a com-
monly available toy - the Big Irak '"
robot vehicle. Programming is intro-
duced as the commuriication tool
through which the child conveys
instructions to the machine. Once
the machine's language limita-
tions are understood, it can be
made to follow any procedure
which has been entered by
the user.
"Our use of turtle commands
as the programming language '
mirrors the process- based
descriptions commonly used by
children. For example, a child is likely to
describe a nearby location, such as a friend's house, by a
procedure |Go two blocks, turn right, go another block, turn
left,...). Because turtle geometry has been incorporated as
the graphics environment in several computer languages
available for the popular desk-top computers, these pro-
gramming ideas can continue to be used as the child learns
to operate other computers. "
In Every Kid's First Book Of Robots And Computers, author
David Thornburg conveys a uniguely exciting learning
experience for children, parents, and teachers. The book
uses Big Irak, PILOT/LOGO type languages, and Turtle
Tiles'" to explore the concepts and techniques of robot/
computer programming. Turtle Tiles, inclutied with every
book, are designed to provide hands-on programming
experience to children without access to a Big Irak or a
personal computer. Additionally, the Tiles can be used in
conjunction with either of these items to share and reinforce
the exercises in the book.
Ask for
Every Kid's First Book Of Robots And Computers
at your computer retailer, local bookstore.
or order directly from:
COMPUTE! Books
P.O. Box 5406
Greensboro, NC
27403
54,95 plus SI. 00 shipping and handling.
ISBN 0-942386-05- 1 . Perfect bound. 96 pages plus Turtle
Tiles'". Fully illustrated.
Dealer and educator quantity discounts are available.
Big TMk 15 3 [rsdemark of the Mrlion BiMley Company,
Turtle Tiles are rf trademark of David D. Thbrnburg and Innovision, Ire
For Fastest Service,
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800-334-0868
In NC 91 9-275-9809
VIC Kaleidoscope
Alon W Poole
T)y VIC Kaleidoscope. You'll fiud the colors and Diii^ic
iiiesiiicriziiis^. And i/oii cnii freeze the di^pliu/ mid turn
the found offns \foii please. Foniin/ size VIC.
This program produces an endless display of col-
orful patterns, along with "music" related to the
pattern being drawn. If you see a design that is
especiallv pleasing, press the space bar to freeze
the picture. Press the space bar again to restart
the kaleidoscope. Press the S key to turn the sound
on or off.
Variables
A: Used in the MOD function and used as the
address to plot a square
B: Used in the MOD function
C: Color number
CC: Color number for border
I, J: Loop counters
K$: Key pressed
N: Number of function being used to calculate
coordinates of points
R: Random number
S: Kaleidoscope stopped flag. 1 = kaleidoscope
going, 0= kaleidoscope stopped
SI: Speaker adciress
SA: Screen memory starting address
SO: Sound flag. 1 = sound on, 0 = sound off
X, Y: Position to plot a square
20 GOSUB5000
9 7 REM
98 REM *** MAIN LOOP ***
99 REM
100 FORI=0TO999999
110 FORJ=0TOI0
120 ONNGOSU 8500,5 50,600, 6 5 0,700, 7 50
129 REM PLOT POINTS
1 30 A=SA+22 *Y+X : POKEA, 160 : POKEA+30720 , C
140 A=SA+22*( 2 1-Y)+X: POKEA, 160: POKEA+30720
,C
150 A=SA+22*Y+21-X: POKEA, 160: POKEA+307 20, C
160 A=SA+22*(21-Y)+21-X: POKEA, 160 :POKEA+30
7 20,C
170 A=SA+2 2*X+Y: POKEA, 160 ; POKEA+30720 , C
180 A=SA+22*X+21-Y:P0KEA, 160 •.POKEA+30720, C
190 A=SA+22*( 2 1-X)+Y: POKEA, 160: POKEA+30720
,C
200 A=SA+22*(21-X)+21-Y:POKEA, 160:POKEA+30
720, C
146 COMPUTE! Mav W63
205 GETK$:IFK$="S"THENSD=1-SD:IFSD=0THENPO
KEV,0
210 IFSD=0THEN230
2 20 POKES! , 1 28+ ( X+Y ) *2 . 8 : POKEV , 1 5
230 IFK?=" "THENS=1-S
235 IFS=0THENPOKEV,0:GETK$tGOTO230
239 REM RANDOMLY CHANGE COLOR, FUNCTION, A
ND BORDER
240 IFRNDd) <.1THENC=INT(RND(1)*8)
2 70 IFRRDd) <.07THENN=INTCRND(1)*6 + 1)
275 IFRND(I) <.065THENGOSUB1000
280 NEXT: NEXT: END
497 REM
498 REM *** FUNCTIONS TO CALCULATE POINTS "
* **
499 REM
5 00 B=15:X=FNMOD(ABS(l-SGN{j-6)*(j+2) ) )
510 B=21;Y=FNMOD(j*J+2*J+7)
5 20 RETURN
550 B=18:X=FHM0D(I*J)
560 B=12:Y=FNM0D(ABS(ABS(I-ABS(2*I-2*J) ) ) )
5 70 RETURN
600 B=20:X=FNMODCI)
610 B=20:Y=FNMOD(j)
6 20 RETURN
6 50 B=12:X=FNM0D(ABS(Y-J) )
660 B=20tY=FNMOD(ABS(2*J-ABS(l-ABS(2*I-J) )
)+RND(I)*3)
6 70 RETURN
700 B=16:X=FNMOD(ABS(I-SGN{J-10)*J) )
710 B=21 :Y=FNM0D{I*J)
7 20 RETURN
7 50 B=22:X=FNMOD(ABS(3*J-ABS(2*I-ABSC2*I-J
))))
7 60 B= 2 2 : Y=FNMOD ( ABS ( 2 * J-ABS ( 2 *X-ABS ( 2 *X-J
))))
7 70 RETURN
997 REM
998 REM *** CHANGE BORDER COLOR ***
999 REM
1000 CC=INT(RND(1)*7)
1010 POKE36879, PEEK ( 36879 )AND2480RCC
1020 POKE646,CC
1029 REM CHANGE 2 3RD ROW TO MATCH BORDER
1030 PRINT" [home! {22 DOWN)";
1040 PRINT" (rev)
1045 POKESA+505 , 160 : POKESA+31225 , CC
10 50 RETURN
4997 REM
4998 REM *** INITIALIZATION ***
4999 REM
5000 PRINT" (hOMeI (clear) " : POKE36879 , 8
5010 PRINTTAB(5) " { RED}k(CYN} A{PUr3l (GRN)e (
blu)i{yel}d{wht)oIredJsIcyn)c[pur}o{g
rn}p{blu}e*'
5020 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT" [GRNIpRESS SPACE
BAR TO FREEZE KALEIDOSCOPE"
5025 PRINT:PRINT"PRESS SPACE BAR AGAIN TO
CONTINUE"
UMI Software is Making
"Home" Work Fun
V\brclcrQf 1 20 Werm B
BUT!
UMI gives you sophisticated word
processing software complete in
one package! Wordcraft 20©, with
a tutorial tape, contains 8K RAM, a
unique automatic mail list feature,
and everything else you'll need to
create picture-perfect documents.
This fully featured system lets you
change a character, a word, an entire
block of text; and sends encoded
electronic mail. With 4-direction
scrolling, you see it before you print;
and it's compatible with any printer.
With Wordcraft 20©, you'll never be
at a loss for words again.
A sophisticated communications pro-
gram that links you and your VIC^" to
the world of information, VITERM B is
compatible with virtually any modem.
Your access to information banks and
services over the telephone system is
astonishing. At your fingertips, you'll
have DPI news and features, informa-
tion encyclopedias, discount buying
services, the stock market and educa-
tional programs. And, VITERM B
accesses CompuSeive, THE SOURCE,
and other similar computer services.
You'll be able to send and receive
personal electronic mail, set up per-
sonal finance programs, make travel
reservations — all at electronic speed.
The world is yours at the touch of a
key with UMI's VITERM B,
Improve your BASIC program with
UMI's BUTI treatment. Adding 17 new
commands to the BASIC language in
your computer, BUTI formats the VIC"
to imitate 8K, 3K, or minimum mem-
or>' configurations. BASIC program
errors will stop program execution,
list and mark the line of BASIC where
the error occurred. Other features are
single-step execution, renumbering,
block search & replace, block line
delete, tape append, and BASIC
variable dump.
Simple . , . quick . . . and on command.
That's the BUTI treatment for your VIC".
VICEPS — Connects Epson MXl 00 or MX80 to your V1C20"' • Prints
iiigh-resoiution graphics and character sets using Epson
Graftrax • Does formatted BASIC program listings
VI-CALC — 10 memory registers and 4 stacked data • Registers al-
ways visible • Math function results visible at a single keystroke
VI-DATA — Powerful data base program on cassette or disk • User-
defined screen format • Print screen format • Format print
output • Alphanumeric sort
VI-CHECK — Manages checkbook • Lists accounts • Makes de-
posits • Keeps balance current • Lists transactions • Catches
duplicate entries • Features calculator mode
FORTH 20
Structure of PASCAL or COMAL:
• Speed of machine code — lOtimes fasterthan BASIC • Inter-
active; both a compiler and an interpreter • Transportable —
based on FORTH 79-Standard • A language you tailor to your
application by adding new commands • Comes complete
with an extensive instuction manual and examples.
United Microware Industries, Inc.
3503-C Temple Avenue
Pomona, CA 91768 (714) 594-1351
\AC & V1C20 are uademstH of Commodore, inc WQfacf^lH 20 is
copyrighied by P L IDov«on CompuSen* is a regtsrered
iracJemafkofHR Block THE SOURCE 15 ^ fegi5:ered iratJemark
of Source Telecomputing CojporaiKjn
5030 PRINT:PRINT"PRESS S TO TURN OFF SOUN
D"
5035 PRINT:PRINT"PRESS S AGAIN TO TURN SOUN
D BACK ON"
5040 PRINT" [04 down}"
5050 PRINT" (WHT}PRESS RETURN TO BEGIN";
5 060 GETKS:R=RtJD(l) : IFK? <>CHR$ ( 13 )THEN5060
5070 R=RNDCR*1000)
5080 SD=1:S=1:N=INT{RND(1)*5+1) :C=INT(RND(1
)*7+l)
5090 PRINT" [clear! "
5100 SA=4* ( PEEK ( 36866 )and1 28) +64* (PEEK (3686
9)AND112)
5110 S1=36876:V=36878
5120 DEFFNM0D(a)=INT( (a/B-INT(a/B) ) *B+.05)*
sgn(a/b)
5130 RETURN ©
171P
ENTERPRISE
CUSTOM COMPUTER EXPANSION CHASSIS
PRESENT THE ULTIMATE IN EXPANSION AND COOLING CHASSIS
ALL OF THIS IN A FINE PIECE OF SOLID HARDWOOD FURNITURE.
• FAN IS IMPEDANCES
PROTECTED AND OF
THE HIGHEST QUALITY
• TOTALLY FUSED
PROTECTED
• SOLID HAHDWOOO +
HARDWOOD PLYWOOD
• NO PRESS BOARD
• COOL AIR IS BLOWN
THROUGH AND
FILTERED. LIKE ON
MAIN FRAME
COMPUTER
• THE PRICE AT
RIGHT IS FOR THE
CABINET SHOWN
WE ALSOV;iLL BUILD
CUSTOM TO SUIT
1 TO 8 DISK DRIVES
BASIC WOOD
"OAK-
DISK DRIVE
I
COMPUTER
KEYBOARD
SOLID
HafiO'.'JOnD
SIDEi
i-^-COOLlfliL fi
VIC 20 COMM 64
Af*Rl Ai^D JIPPLE
PRICES START
AT
S189.95
Call FOf* iwFOR
AT l-7M-5?7-9261
HOURS W Ih.uS
aOOAM la 600PM
SUNOAV S 00 to 1 00
Shipping
COST NOT
IMCLUD£D
pAt PENDING
VIC-20 .„. CBM 64
EXPHNQER BDHRDB
4 Slat for Ihe 64. ToggEe swiicnes and
reset switch
P/N C64
»69.95
PTl offers the finest selection
of expander boards available
for the VIC'20 and CBM 64.
The design features, quality
construction, and competitive
prices make any of them an
exceptional value. New pro-
ducts are being added monthly,
so write for complete catalog.
B Slot lor Ihe VIC. Toggle switches
and fcsei Ewiicti
P/N V36 '79,95
Slo! for Ihe VIC. No switches, reset, or
fuse
P/N V13 '49.95
^tj^ui^l-
4 Sloltorthe VIC. Toggle swilches and
resei switch
P/U V24
3 Slot (or Ihe Vic, Slide switcties no
reset switch
*69.95 P/N V23
*59.95
PRECISION TECHNOLOGY, INC.
COMPUTER PRODUCTS DIVISION
P.O. BOX ISAM
SALT LAKE CITV. UTAH 84115
ISOII 4S7-e2H
See your dealer, or place
your order direct
VISA-M/C-CHECK-COD
SOUTHERN AUDIO VIBEO ELECTRONICS. INC
1782 Marietta Blvd., N.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30318
Qz. commodore 64— $399.95
Commodore VIC 20 15900
VIC 1530 Datassette 62.00
VIC 1540 Single Disk Drive (VIC 20) 31400 "
VIC 1541 Single Disc Drive (C-64) 324 00 i
VIC 1525 Printer |VIC 20 or C64) 322.00 •
VIC 1600 Telephone Modem 91 .00
VIC 1 1 1 1 16K Expander 69 00
VIC 1914-18 Adventure Series (each) 28.00
VT 106A/107A Program Packages (each) 43.00
VIC 1930 Visible Sofar System 22 00
VICLC Choplifter 31.50
VIABC Astro Blitz 31.50
VIHFT Household Finance 21.00
UMI 1619 Alien Blitz 27 00
UMI 6634 Kosmic Kamikaze 17 00
UMI 6803 Skymath 1 1 00
HES G202 Maze of Mikor 1 2.00
HES C303Turtle Graphics 25.00
HES C304 Hes Writer 25.00
Call us for information on new 064 software.
CARDCO 1
At Last! Play Atari on your Commodore computer with a Cardco
card adapter.
CA/1 Atari Game Adapter 359.00
CB/6 Six Slot Expansion Interface 66.00 1
CB/3 Three Slot Expansion Interface 26.00 "
CE/1 Cassette Interface 29.00
Maxell. Minf-Disks. B%':
MD-2D Double sided, double density. For use on Tl, Shugart or J
equivalent (10 pkg.) S47.50 ,
MD-1 Single sided, single density for mini floppy disc drives (
(10 pkg.) 533.50 ;
Royal Alpha Interface 2001A ]
Daisy Wheel Printer.*~$495.00.* i
•With port to interface with TI99/4A. A
Five print types available: 100 character keyboard (46 keys) with '
all keys electronically repeatabie, automatic carriage return and
line spacing; one touch tab clearance; page end indicator on paper
support, plus many other features. -i
Shugart/compact single and double density ca-
pable SA400 Mini Floppy^ Disk Drive— $260.00.
125/250K Byte (unformatted) storage.
SA450 Double sided, double density Mini Floppy— $329.00.
250/500K Byte (unformatted) storage-
Get the best prices on hardware and software. For a j
complete listing of all SAVE's products, send $5.00 for our 1
catalogue (refundable with your first order). *
Enjoy the convenience of in-home shopping. Call our toll free i
number today. •
Use your American Express, VISA, Mastercard, check or
money order. Minimum order of S50. Shipping and handling
charges are extra. All prices are subject to change without
notice. Allow 2-4 weeks for delivery. Prices good through
May 15, 1983.
Order Toll Free 1-800-241-2682
In Georgia (404) -351-8459
148 COMPUIE! May«83
FIVE POWERFUL SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
P/us Zhc Smtlng J^ew Book
INSIDE THE VIC
My: Don Jrmch
THE BOOK THE TOOLS
■ Written for both beginners and
professionals.
■ Clear, complete explanation of the
internal workings of the VIC.
■ Machine language explained so you
can understand it.
Hexadecimal and binary made clear.
■ How to do fast-action graphics, pro-
gram for joysticks, game paddles and
sound effects.
■ Complete list of the internal VIC
operating programs and how to use them
in your own programs.
■ Auto-start cartridges and how to
make your own.
■ Step-by-step guide to the use of the
development tools.
Sample programs fully explained.
DECODER - Turns machine language pro-
grams (like game cartridges, utility car-
tridges or even the VIC'S own operating
programs] into an English-like language
(Assembly) you can understand. Produces
listings to screen, printer and cassette.
Programs produced can be improved,
customized or studied to see how they
were written.
EDITOR - Used to create or modify
assembly language programs, accepts the
output from the decoder as input.
Enables you to make, save and update
Assembly language programs.
ASSEMBLER - Converts Assembly
language back into machine language.
Lets you use labels and complex address
expressions in your programs. Saves the
machine language output on tape.
Described by Jim Butterfield of COMPUTE
magazine as "a remarkable feat". Given
a four-star review by Gregory Yob of
Creative Computing. Called "elegant" by
Jim Strasma of Midnite Software
Gazette/The Paper.
LOADER - Loads the programs created
and saved with the other tools. Also lets
you save machine language programs
onto tape so they may be loadable with
usual "LOAD" command.
MOrJITOf? - Lets you single-step through
your program one instruction at a time,
displaying all the registers and status
bits. Memory display and modify made
easy. Bypass any instruction with ease.
ALL FOR $49«95 plus $a.eo postaoi and handlin»
Standard version runs on any system with Datasette (5K and up)
Add »5.00 for disk vsrtton, $5.00 for extended features (minimum BK)
Send check, M.O., VISA/MC ($2.00 S.C.) or specify C.O.D. (add $3.00) to:
%^
P.O. Box 207, Cannon Falls, MN 55009
507-263-4821
VIC-20 Is a registered TM of
Commodore Business Machines Inc.
Instant
Commodore 64 Art
Bob Urso
Both of thct^c CoiiiDiodorc 64 i^mpltic:; piviiranis - one
random, the other user-controlled - create inipresshv,
handsome designs.
Anyone seeing your 64 while vou'ro running one
of these two programs might think that vou've
just looted the Museum of Modern Art. Each pro-
gram lets you create colorful and expressive
graphics on your Commodore 64.
Program 1 is a totally random graphics
routine. Color, direction, and symbol selection
are done in lines 30-89. POKEing in the symbol
and updating its position for the next cycle are
handled bv line 90. Lines 95 and 96 limit the design
to the screen area.
The time (line 11) is set at 1000 to clear the
screen after it fills up a bit. You can increase T to
let your design become more complicated; or you
can eliminate lines 11 and 99-120, and the graphics
will fill vour screen until the next power outage.
The second program is called "Sketch-0"; it
lets you do the designing. You can change the
colors by pressing the color keys without having
to press CONTROL. The symbol select keys are
grouped to the left so that they do not interfere
with vour direction selection keys.
You can move in eight directions, allowing
for diagonal, as well as horizontal and vertical,
lines. Once vou press a direction key, the design
will continue to print in that direction until it
reaches the edge of the screen, or until you press
any of the other kevs to stop it.
It's doubtful that you'll ever make a
Rembrandt jealous, but you should be more than
rewarded for the short time it takes to type these
programs.
Program 1: Random Graphics Routine
10 REM RANDOM DOODLE
11 T=1000
15 PRINT" [clear! "
17 POKE53280,0:POKE53281,0
20 P=1024+INT(RND{l)*999)+l:G=P+54272
ISO COMPtTTf ! Ma, 1983
30 Z=INT{5*RND{1))+1
40 IFZ=1THENS=81
41 IFZ=2THENS=64
42 IFZ=3THENS=84
43 IPZ=4THENS=102
44 IFZ=5THENS=160
45 K=INT(a*RND(l) )+l
50 IFK=1THENC=9
51 IFK=2THENC=1
5 2 IFK=3THENG=2
5 3 IPK=4THENC=3
54 IFK=5THENC=4
55 IFK=6THENC=5
56 IFK=7THENC=6
5 7 IFK=8THENG=7
80 D=INT(8*RND(1) )+l
81 IFD=lTHENR=-39
82 IFD=2THENR=-40 9
83 IFD=3THENR=-41
84 IFD=4THENR=-1
85 IFD=5THENR=1
36 IFD=6THENR=39
87 IFD=7THENR=40
BB IFD=8THENR=41
89 M=INT(40*RND(1) )+l
90 F0RZ=1T0M: POKEP , S : POKEG , C ; P=P+R
95 IFP<=1024THENP=P-R
96 IFP>=2023 THEN P=P-R
97 G=P+54272
99 T=T-1
100 IFT=0THENGOTO10
110 PRINT"TIME"?T
120 PRINT" {03 UpI "
1101 NEXTZ
1110 GOTO30
Program 2: sketcn-o
10 REM SKETCH-0
20 P=1524:S=160;C=1
90 POKE53280,0:POKE53281,0
95 GOTO1000
99 PRINT" {clear} "
100 G=P+54272
200 POKE P,S : POKEG, C
300 GET G5: IFA5<>G5ANDG$<> ""THENA5=G$
310 IFA5="I"THENP=P-40
320 IFA$="U"THENP=P-41
3 30 IFA5="0"THENP=P-39
340 IFAS="J"THENP=P-1
Four smart ways
to make your Atari 400/800,
TRS-80 COLOR,VIC-20 and Commodore 64
much more inteHigent.
Tfie Cotor Accountmt pays
for itself. This complete per-
sonal financial package is
designed to make your money
easier to manage. Included are:
I Checkbook Maintenance
2. Chart of Accounts
3. Check Search
4. Income/Expense Statement
5. Net Worth Statement
6. Color Graph Design Package
7. Home Budget Analysis
ft Color Payments Calendar
9. Mailing List
10. Decision Maker
This unique menu-driven pack-
age requires less than one hour
data input per month. The Color
Accountant has over 60 pages
of documentation inciuding
examples and step-by-step
instructions. TRS-80 COLOR
requires Ext. Basic and 16K for
cassette, 32K for diskette; Atari
400/800 requires 24K for cas-
sette. 32K for diskette; VIC-20
requires 16K Expander. Now
available for Commodore 64.
$74.% cassette
$79^ diskette
The Tax Handler makes
April 15tli just another day.
This is the perfect complement
to our Color Accountant. The Tax
Handler will help prepare your
tax returns and probably save
you money. Included are:
/. Form 1040 (Long Form)— filing
status, exemptions, income,
income adjustments, com-
putation of tax, tax credits
and payments or balance/
refund due.
2. Schedule A (Itemized Deduc-
tionsl—medical and dental
deductions, taxes, interest
expenses, contributions,
casualty/theft losses, miscel-
laneous deductions and
summary.
3. Schedule G (Income Averag-
ing)—base period income and
adjustments, computation of
averageable income and
computation of tax.
Additional schedules or altera-
tions to the tax codes wilt be
available separately in our
monthly magnetic magazines.
Atari 400/800 requires 24K for
cassette, 32K for diskette. VIC-20
requires 16K Expander. Now
available for Commodore 64.
$34S5 cassette;
S39J5 diskette
You'n love your computer
with The Magnetic Maga-
zine. Our magnetic magazines
will entertain, inform, educate,
challenge and delight you. Each
issue contains 4 to 7 ready-lo-
use quality programs, all fully
listable. Every issue includes a
newsletter containing instruc-
tions, tips on programming
techniques and a line-by-line
examination of (he feature
program. And starting with issue
number 8, the first in a series of
tutorials on machine language
programming, Database I with a
new application every following
issue and a new utility in our
Utility-of-The-Month section. And
word processing is coming soon!
A full year's subscription
consists of 10 issues— over 50
programs a year at a mere
fraction of their cost. Available
forTRS-80 COLOR Ext. Basic,
Atari 400/800: all require 16K.
Back issues available.
One year subscription:
$50.00 cassette;
$75.00 diskette
Half year subscriptmn:
$30.00 cassette;
S45.00 diskette
Sample issue:
$10.00 cassette;
$f5.{M) diskette
VIK VIDEO issue 1 available
for VIC-20: $12.95 cassette
The Learning Center
teaches and enlightens
cMWren. Our exceptional
educational programs are class-
room designed and tested. TheSe
unique packages have been
invented to introduce 3 to 9 year
olds to the ease of computer
learning. Through the use of
basic concepts such as colors,
shapes, numt»rs and letters,
children understand counting,
math and language skills. Each
program is designed to develop
a specific skill, rewarding each
correct answer with music and a
happy face. Most are compatible
with our new Edumate Light
Pen $34.95.
Available for Atari 400/800,
VIC-20 and Commodore 64; all
require 8K for cassette, 16K for
diskette. Also available for
Timex /Sinclair 1000 and Ti-99.
Ptease ask about programs
available and their prices
for Pre-School, Kindergar-
ten and Grades 1 & Z
Prices range from S8.S5
for a sin^ cassette to
S79.95 for a ccmipiete set
on diskette.
Order novk'! See your local dealer or order direct. New catalog S2.00. Visa and MasterCard accepted—
please add S2.00 for postage and handling.
Call toll free!
1-800-334-SOFT
BKAXER INQUIRTES INVITED
prograimner^E^jMi^i^
^" ^^ a division of FUTUBE HOUSE — dept. c
p.o, box 3470, cliapel hill, north Carolina 27514, 919-967-0861
350 IFA5="K"THENP=P+1
360 IFA$="N"THENP=P+39
365 IFA5="M"THENP=P+40
370 IFA5=", "THENP=P+41
380 IFA$="1"THENC=0
390 IFA5="2"THENC=1
400 IFA9="3"THENC=2
410 IFA?="4"THENC=3
420 IFA$="5"THENC=4
430 IFA$="6"THENC=5
440 IFA5="7"THENC=6
450 IFA5="8"THENC=7
460 IFA$="Q"THENS=81
470 IFA$="A"THENS=64
480 IFA$="Z"THENS=66
490 IFA?="W"THENS=102
500 IFA5="S"THENS=160
510 FORZ=1024TO1984STEP40;
530 IFP<1024THENP=P+40
540 IFP>2023THENP=P-40
5 50 GOTO 100
1000 PRIMT" {clear} ": PRINT" {02 DOWN] DOO
DLE": PRINT" {down! "
1010 print"here are the symbols you can PRI
NT"
PRESS
PRESS
PRESS
PRESS
PRESS
:IFP=ZTHENP=P+1
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1030
FOR
FOR
FOR
FOR
Q"
C"
B"
&"
PRINT
PRINT"
PRIMT"
PRIMT"
PRINT"
PRINT" [GRNITO change COLORS PRESS 1 TH
RU 8"
1040 PRINT"F0R THE COLOR INDICATED ON THE K
EY": PRINT" [down! "
FOR TrEV} {off}"
1070 PRINT"TO MOVE YOUR SYMBOL PRESS"
1080 PRINT" U I O"
1090 PRINT" M t N"
1100 PRINT" J<- Q ;@K"
1110 PRINT" N B M"
1120 PRINT" N M ,"
1130 PRINT" {PUR}T0 stop SYMBOL PRESS ANY CO
LOR KEY"
1150 PRINT"FINISHED WITH INSTRUCTIONS? PRES
S Y"
1160 INPUTR5:IF R$="Y" GOTO 99 ©
VIC 20/PET/CBM OWNERS
HOmDTOAD ~ Hop your load across 5 lanes oi traffic, avoid deadly
snakes, and dodge Ihe dreaded toad-eaters. Cioss a raging rivei lull o1 logs,
lurtles. aliigaigrs. and park your load in Ihe safely ol a harbor Each lime you
park 5 toads^ you enter a touglier level where Ihe action is tasle? and tfie load-
eaters are more numerous ROADTOAD »s wrillen in machine language and
uses high resolution graphics. The sound eflecls arc excellent and you can use
a joystick o: the keyboard lo control your toad.
CASS/5K/VIC 20 (Includes Shipping/Handling) $1 9.95
[CALIF RES ADD B% SALES TAX)
CHIdVClM CrrASC ~ Help your hapless hen avoid hungry chicken
Hawks, sneaky coyotes, and fiendish ^ompys. If your chicken gets into trouble,
■hyper-hen" lo a new spot on Ihe maze. If your chicken travels the entiie ma^e,
you advance to the next level where the action is fastef and the predators more
numerous. Hires graphics, great sounds, and machine language help make
CHICKEN GHAS6 a hilarious lun-lilJed game for the whole family.
CASS/5K/VIC-20 {Includes Shipping^Handling) $19.95
(CALIF RES ADD 6% SALES TAX)
Write For NIBBLES & BITS, IMC. Wnte For
f^REE p,a^ BOX saaa f^^EE
Catalog orcutt, ca 33^55 Catalog
Write For FREE Cataloa
NEW
Write For FREE Catolos
VIC SOFTWARE CBM 64 S
Great VIC Software
COMMODORE 64 SOFTWARE
PARATROOPER a High Resolution game thai doesn'l let you make any
I mistakes. You are in your command. Helicopters fill the sky, (and we mean fill
I the sky!), dropping paratroopers. Your mission is to keep 3 paratroopers from
I hitting Ihe ground on either side of your gun. But that's just the beginning. You
I score by hitting the helicopters or the paratroopers, but if you miss a shot it
[subtracts from your score. Therefore, you must make every shot count lo
I make a high score! IT HAS FOUR FAST ACTION LEVELS TO CHALLENGE
(THE BEST PLAYER. The High Resolution graphics helicoptors are fantastic.
I They look exactly like helicopters! The paratroopers are super realistic. Their
I chutes open and then they drift doiun to earth. If this weren't enough the
I sounds are fantastic. There are helicopter blades whirring and you can hear the
1 howitzer pumping shells. This game really show of! the sound and graphic
I capabilities ol your VIC. PARATROOPER IS OUR HI SELLING ARCADE
IgAME, youVe got to see this game to believe it. $19,95
SPACE PAKCan you survive? 3 space games withthesightsand sounds of
Ian arcade. The excitement builds as the action is unending. Blast away at
I everything in sight. The alien attacks will stop at nothing to destroy you.
I Prepare for battle, there is no escape, only you can help. Can you survive? Hi-
Ifies, color, graphics and sound. Joystick or kevboard. 3 Games — Rocket
I Race, FenceATron and Raiders. $19.95
COSMIC CBUZER Hot action and 3 challenging scenarios. Move your
1 cruzer mio l he tunnel ■ lire missiles and drop bombs. Hit the fuel dumps lo get
I more luel. Move as quick as you dare lo hit the surface-to-air missiles, if you are
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152 COMPUTE! MoyTJeS
Qcommodore
NEW COMMODORE PRODUCTS
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CBM 1701 Color Monitor 279
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Wofd-Poc (tape) 60
Ttie Assistant Series
Writer's Assistant (easy and flexible) ... 99
FilBAssistont(datalxBewitti merge). . . 99
Spreodsheei Assistonf 99
Pecs. Finance Assist.(grecit reports) ... 45
Busicalc (Spreodstieet) 62
Coco II (build your own games easily). .. 45
Home Accounting Pacltage 39
General Ledger, A/H A/P
(with check writing) ea.l 75
CBM EosyRnonce 50
CBM EosySaipt 80
CBM EosyFile 80
Data Manager 70
Stock( investment onolysis) 80
Pet Emulator (emulates 4.0 basic) .... 30
Sprite-Mogic (use joystick
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compiled, includes editor, loader,
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Spacebell 20
Retroball 34
INTERFACES & ACCESSORIES
80 Column Exponder. $159
VIC 1600 Modem 95
VIC 1650 (auto answer, auto dial) 150
VIC 1525 Graphic Printer 329
VIC 1 530 Dotosette Recorder 65
VIC 1541 Disk Drive 329
VIC Switch (connect 8 64's or Vies
to printer, dd) 1 49
IEEE Interlace (64) 85
PET-IEEE cable 33
IEEE-IEEE cable (2m) 39
Parallel Intertace (Epson, Okidota,
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RS-232 Printer Interface (Okidata
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Programmers Reference Guide 18
Verbatim Diskettes (1 0 per box) 26
Victree (Programmers Utility) 75
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Epson FX Printer, 160 cps 529
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and parallel) 429
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COMMODORE BUSINESS
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CBM 8050, 1 mg. Dual Drive 1259
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CBM D9060, 5 mg. Hard Disk 2240
CBM D9090, 7.5 mg Hard Disk .... 2600
CBM 2031, 170K Single Drive (New) 489
DC Hayes Smart Modem 220
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Administrator 489
VisiCatc (expanded) 199
The Manager (database) 199
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Graphics On
The Sinclair/Timex
DereK Stubbs
I
This short ^iiidc to the ;^mphics capabilities of Sinclair/
Timex computers dcnioustratcs pattern creation, circles,
conic sections, and bar ;^raphs. To show how graphics
can be used in games, tliere is "Asterbclt," lohich will
test your abilities as a spaceship pilot.
One great advantage ot' a computer over most
calculators is that a computer can handle letters
as well as numbers and can give a graphic output.
You possibly bought your ZX/TS hoping to pro-
duce some fabulous graphics. If you did, you
were soon disappointed by two things: the manual
says little about graphics, and computer magazines
often contain programs with graphics commands
that vou cannot use, such as HPLOT, SET, RESET,
DRAW, and XDRAW.
Don't bo worried. The ZX/TS has lots of
graphics capability. My favorite is the unique
graphic symbol facility. It can print a million-
million different patterns. They each remind you
of an Indian blanket, or an urban landscape, or
the tiles in an oriental design. Sometimes a striking
3-D pattern emerges.
Program 1 generates a random string of
graphic symbols (lines 10-40) and then prints and
reprints them until the screen is full (lines 50-1 10).
After a pause of four seconds (line 200), a new
pattern is generated. Experiment by reducing the
string-length of 1 1 in lines 10, 20, and 60.
Figures And Graphs
To many people, graphics means geometric fig-
ures. A simple program (Program 2A) will draw a
circle of radius R and center X,Y. The speed of
plotting and the interval between points depend
on 1. You should experiment with values of R, X,
Y, and 1 before going on to a more fascinating
plot (Program 2B). Start with R = X = Y = 13 and
I = .2.
Now vou will see how Program 2B - which I
call "Figures"- will print all kinds of conic sections
(circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas) and
all kinds of lissajous figures (weaves, pretzels,
and figures of eight). The interesting thing is that
15J COMPUTI! Mavwea I
Program 2B is only one line longer than Program
2A - yet it is far more versatile.
A third graphics feature that has many uses
is a simple graphic plot of data. Program 3,
"Graphs," will plot any mathematical function
that vou input, as AS. It always fits on the screen
because you define the limits, XMIN and XMAX.
If you need to plot a bar graph. Program 4
will be adequate. Typically, such a graph is used
to plot "time-data" such as "sales per month" or
"bushels of corn per year." Also you might use it
for "frequency" data like "how manv people
weighing 50-100 lbs., 100-150 lbs. and so on."
Program 4 allows you to plot and label the axes
and bars so that vou can understand how to mix
the PRINT and PLOT commands to get a good
screen. Instead of printing 1 in line 170, you can
print another label such as the time or interval
concerned; call it C$ and INPUT it at line 135.
The ultimate graphics program is the moving
graphics game. You'll have fun with Asterbelt
{Program 5). You're the captain of a spaceship
denoted by an asterisk at coordinates X, Y. You
can drive it to port or starboard by pressing P or
S. A thousand asteroids appear as blobs (sub-
routine 1000). If you collide with an asteroid, a
flash occurs as you destroy it with your hyperspace
shields; and you move on through the exploded
remnants (subroutine 2000).
You can make it harder by having only two
squares between you and the next asteroid to
appear. You can adapt subroutine 2000 to keep a
count of vour collisions. Warning: in the non-play
mode, the screen clears very slowly.
Program 1: Random symbols
1 REM ***A MILLION-MILLION PATTERNS
10 DIM Gdl)
20 FOR 1=1 TO 11
30 LET g(I)=128+INT(RND*12)
40 NEXT I
50 LET C=0
60 FOR 1=1 TO 11
70 PRINT CHR? G(I)
80 NEXT I
90 LET C=C+1
100 IF C>60 THEN GOTO 200
110 GOTO 60
200 PAUSE 240
210 CLS
2 20 GOTO 20
Program 2A: circle
1 REM***CIRCLE***
10 INPUT R
20 INPUT X
3 0 INPUT Y
40 INPUT I
5 0 LET T=0
60 PLOT X+R*COST,Y+R*SINT
70 LET T=T+1
80 IF T>2*PI THEN STOP
90 GOTO 60
Program 2B: Figures
1 REM
***
FIGURES
***
10 DIM A(4)
20 FOR 1=1 TO 4
30 LET A(i)=25*RND
40 NEXT I
50 FOR N=0 TO 100
60 PLOT A(1)-A(1)*COS(n/a(2) ),A(3)-A(3)
*sin(n/a(4))
7 0 NEXT N
80 PAUSE 240
90 CLS
100 GOTO 10
Program 3: Graphs
1 REM***GRAPHS***
10 INPUT XMIN
20 INPUT XMAX
30 INPUT A?
40 LET X=XMIN
50 LET YMIN=VAL A?
60 LET X=XMAX
7 0 LET YMAX=VAL A$
80 IF YMAX<YMIN THEN GOSUB 5000
90 LET XL=XMAX - XMIN
100 LET YL=YMAX - YMIN
110 GOSUB 1000
120 GOSUB 2000
130 STOP
1000 FOR 1=0 TO 63
1010 PLOT 1,0
1020 NEXT I
1030 FOR 1=0 TO 43
1040 PLOT 0,1
1050 NEXT I
1060 RETURN
2000 FOR X=XMIN TO XMAX STEP XL/63
2 010 LET Y=VAL A?
2020 PLOT (X-XM1N)*63/xL, (y-YMIN)*43/YL
2030 NEXT X
2040 RETURN
5000 LET U=YMIN
5 010 LET V=YMAX
5 020 LET YMAX=U
5030 LET YMIN=V
5040 RETURN
Program 4: Bar Graphs
1 REM***BAR GRAPHS***
10 PRINT "NUMBER OF BARS (<=20)?"
.K
"HEIGHT OF TALLEST BAR?"
HMAX
"LABEL ON X-AXIS?"
A?
"LABEL ON Y-AXIS?"
B$
B
20 INPUT B
30 PRINT
40 INPUT
5 0 PRINT
60 INPUT
70 PRINT
80 INPUT
100 CLS
110 GOSUB 1000
120 FOR 1=1 TO
130 INPUT H
140 FOR J=2 TO 43*h/HMAX
150 PLOT {I*63/J},J
160 NEXT J
170 PRINT AT 21,31*I/B;I
180 NEXT I
190 STOP
1000 FOR 1=0 TO 63
1010 PLOT 1,2
1020 NEXT I
1030 PRINT AT 21,(31-LEN A?);A$
1040 FOR 1=2 TO 43
10 50 PLOT 0,1
1060 NEXT I
Program 5: Asterbeit
1 REM***ASTER-BELT***
10 DIM A(1000)
20 LET X=9
30 LET Y=6
40 GOSUB 1000
50 LET A(1)=J
60 GOSUB 1000
7 0 LET A(2)=J
80 FOR N=4 TO 1000
9 0 PRINT AT X<Y; "*"
100 IF Y=A(N-3) THEN GOSUB 2000
110 GOSUB 1000
120 LET A(N)=J
130 IF INKEY$="P"
140 IF INKEY$="S"
150 NEXT N
1000 LET J=INT(30*RND)
1010 PRINT AT 12, J;" "
1020 SCROLL
1030 RETURN
2000 FAST
2 010 FOR M=l TO 15
2020 LET R=3*RND
2030 LET T=2*PI*RND
2040 PRINT AT X+R*COST , Y+R*SINT; "
2050 NEXT M
2060 SLOW
2070 RETURN
THEN LET Y=Y-1
THEN LET Y=y+1
COMPUTE! IS looking
for good articles,
tutorials, and games
for the Sinclair/Timex,
Comnnodore 64, and
Color Computer.
May 1983 COMPVTE! 155
MACHINE LANGUAGE
Jim Butterfield, Associate Editor
Parti
NUMERIC OUTPUT
Outputting strings from machine Inngunge is no
problem. The programmer takes the characters
from memory and sends them out. Numbers need
more work: the binarv values must be changed
to ASCII characters which must be sent out one at
a time.
An adcied complexity is format: numbers
often need to be carefully formed into a specific
number of characters, so that they will print neatly
in columns. Zero suppression is often ciesirable,
so that a number such as 00204 will print as 204.
Some of these jobs are fairly straightforward
mechanical tasks; the hardest part is often the
math routine which is needed to break up a binary
number into several digits.
Single Digits
Binary values of zero to nine are easy. All we need
to do is to change them to ASCII before sending
them out.
We've mentioned before that ASCII repre-
sents the character zero, for example, as hexadec-
imal 30, decimal 48. PRINT CHR$(0) will not print
a zero character - indeed, it won't print anything
- so that we must do the job with PRINT CHRS(48).
So, to print a binary zero, we must change it to
hex 30, binarv one must he changed to hex 31,
and so forth, up to binary 9 changing to hex 39.
Binary 10 is a different matter: we must make two
digits out of it, one and zero. The easiest way to
convert a single digit is with an ORA command:
ORA #S30 will insert the desired high bits.
When we move on to more complex numbers,
we'll need to remember that each digit, as we
generate it, must be converted to ASCII before
output.
Let's write a simple program to print several
single numeric digits. We'll use SFFD2 for PRINT;
this will work on all PET'CBM machines, VIC,
and Commodore 64. Our coding goes:
LDX #S00 (sMi-t.it/.ero)
LOOP TXA (mnvenuiiiLx-rtoA)
ORA #S30 (convert to ASCII)
JSR $FFD2 (print it)
I NX (go to next number)
156 COMPUTf! Mov1983
CPX #$0A (less than ten?)
BCC LOOP (ves, print it)
RTS
The output looks like a large number - the digits
are printed side by side - but, in fact, it's ten
indepencient digits.
As an exercise, let's convert the above pro-
gram to BASIC POKES and run it. Our BASIC
equivalent goes:
100 DATA 162, 0, 138, 9,48
no DATA 32,210,255, 232, 224,10
120 DATA 144,245, %
200 FOR J = 848 TO 861:READ X
210POKEJ,X:NEXTJ
300 FOR J = 1 TO 10:SYS 848:NEXT J
The first three lines give the machine language
program in decimal. The individual instructions
have been separated bv spaces to make them more
visible. Lines 200 and 210 POKE the program into
the cassette area. Finally, line 300 invokes the
machine language program ten times; you'll get a
hundred digits printed.
Hexadecimal Output
Hex output, like input, is fairly easy. Hexadecimal
might be viewed as a compact way of representing
binary, and since the computer has binary, the
conversion must be easy. It is. All we need to do
is grab four bits at a time. Each group of four bits
is a hex digit value, which can be converted to
ASCII and then output. For example, a decimal
value of 223 (hex El) can be converted this way:
take the high four bits, bniary 1110, and convert
and print as a hex character. That works out to a
letter E. Now take the low four bits, binary 0001,
and do the same, giving us the digit 1. We've
printed El, the hex value.
Let's get technical. How do we get the four
high bits? Bv giving four shift-right instructions.
The bits obligingly move over to the low order
side, and zeros are left in the vacated space. Later,
how do we get the four low bits? By taking the
original value and performing an AND #$0F,
which wipes out the high bits.
When the four-bit group is extracted, how do
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we change to ASCII? If the foui-bit value is zero
to nine, we can use the simple ORA #$30 as men-
tioned before. For the six high values, ten to fifteen
{A to F), we would need to use arithmetic, usually
the ADC command. Of course, we could bypass
the whole question by setting up a table of digits
and looking up each digit. Most programmers go
for the arithmetic.
Multiple bytes are no problem for hex. We
just convert them starting at the high order end:
eiach byte generates two hex digits. Let's write a
program to convert some memory bytes into hex
and display them. First, a subroutine to convert
and output a four-bit value in the A register as
two hex digits:
HEXDIG CMP #$0A
BCC SKIP
ADC #S06
SKIP ADC #S30
JMP $FFD2
(alphalx'tic digit?)
(no, .skip next part)
(add,se\t.'n)
(convert Ui .ASCII)
(printit)
There are a couple of curious coding quirks
above. We need to add seven to the alphabetics:
why does the coding sav ADC #$06? Because the
carry bit is set, that's whv. Adding six plus a carry
makes a total increase of seven. Another oddity:
the subroutine doesn't return with RTS. Instead,
it goes to another subroutine; when the other
subroutine (FFD2) returns, it will return directly
to the caller.
Now an outer subroutine. This one breaks a
bvte in the A register into two four-bit numbers
and prints the two digits. It uses HEXDIG, above:
HEXOUT PHA (save the tnte)
LSR A
LSR A (extract tour..)
LSR A (,. high hits)
LSR A
JSR HEXDIG (prini hex char)
PLA (tiring back byte)
.AND #SOF (extract low four)
IMP HEXDIG (restore ASCII)
Again, we save an RTS by doing a JMP direct to a
subroutine.
Now we can do the main job: displaying a
number of memory locations:
JOB LDX #$00 (counter)
JLOOP LDA SFFCO,X (getabvle)
JSR HEXOUT (printit)
LDA #$20 (space char)
JSR SFFD2 (printit)
INX
CPX #$0A (ten bytes vet?)
BCC JLOOP (no, doanother)
LDA #SOD (RETURN char)
JMP SFFDl (printit)
We've written the program to display a spe-
cific range of addresses. You may change it to
display what: you wish.
The four LSR instructions may be considered
the equivalent of dividing by 16. That's what the
15S cOMruni Movims
word "hexadecimal" means, of course: hex for six
and decimal for ten, giving a total of 16.
Sneaky Hex
You may have decided that hexadecimal output is
quite easy. It is, compared t<.) decimal, and that
gives us an interesting possibility.
Could we write hex numbers that looked like
decimal numbers? In other words, could we print
decimal 22 by somehow converting it to look like
hex 22, and then printing it? It sounds complex:
decimal 22 would be written as hex 16, and hex 22
has a decimal value of 34. Not much in common
there. But there's a gimmick.
The 6502 processor has an arithmetic feature
called "decimal mode." When we invoke it (with
the SED, Set Decimal, command), decimal arith-
metic takes place using numbers that look like
hex. In other words, the decimal value of 22 is
stored as hex 22. The proper name for this kind of
number is not hexadecimal, of course. This num-
bering system is called 'liinary coded decimal."
We can't go into the inner mysteries of BCD
at this time, but a few facts can be noted. Decimal
mode affects only the ADC (add with carr\) ancf
SBC (subtract) instructions; all other instructions
still cieal with binary numbers. If you're going to
play with decimal mode, kill the interrupt for the
moment; your interrupt routines may not be able
to cope with "new math." And rctnember to put
everything back (clear decimal mode, restore the
interrupt) when you've finished doing the task at
hand.
Decimal mode arithmetic is great for things
like keeping score in video games. The .scores can
be easily translated and delivered to the screen.
But decimal mode is not ioo good for sent)us
mathematics: multiplication, division, square
roots and such become much harder to handle.
For most applications, stick with binary.
We'll be talking about how to convert binary
numbers hi decimal in the next session. ©
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160 CO«P0Ti! May 1983
PET/CBM POP
Michoel W Schoffer
You cn)i avoid stackiii^'^ up too many siihroiitinc^ In/
iisiii;^ POP to anici'l a GOSLIB (coDDiiaiui that semis
coittmi to a siibroiitinL' at a given Hue nitniber and tlicn
RETURNS to the statement after GOSLIB). A pro-
^:iraun)iin\i tool for all PET/CBM computers.
Atari BASIC cind the Microsoft i^ASiC Lised on
the Apple 11 provide a rather useful command
called POP. The POP command removes the last
GOSUB from the slack, so that a RETURN will
return the program to the second-to-last GOSUB.
For example, in this program:
10 GOSUB100
20 PRINT "CONTROL RETURNS HERE."
3 0 STOP
100 GOSUB200
110 PRINT"NOT HERE."
120 STOP
200 POP
210 PRINT "GOING"
2 20 RETURN
the RETURN on line 220 returns the program to
line 20 (not 1 10). This utility can be very useful,
but it is not available in Commc>dore BASIC. Well,
it wasn't.
Here is a machine language utility that
executes a POP on all PET/CBM models. The code
is position independent -in other words, it can
be moved to any convenient spot in memorv with-
out any changes. I prefer to locate the code at the
top of memory. A POKE 53,127:POKE 52,0:CLR
(for 32K systems) will prevent BASIC from using
this space.
Program 1 provides the machine language
routine in the form of a BASIC loader. The pro-
gram will load and protect the POP routine, and
then indicate the proper SYS location to call the
routine. Programs 2 and 3 provide changes for
older ROMs.
A GOSUB in BASIC pushes five bytes onto
the system stack. These bytes tell BASIC where to
start running when the RETURN statement is
executed. These five bytes are the low and high
bytes of the CHRGET pointer (locations 119 and
120 for newer ROMs, 221 and 222 for Original
ROMs) and the current line number (locations 54
and 55 for newer ROMs, 136 and 137 for Original
ROMs), and the token for GOSUB (141). To per-
form a POP, all we do is remove these five bytes
from the stack. The routine uses the same sub-
routine that BASIC uses (JSR $B322 for BASIC
4.0, JSR SC2AA for Upgrade BASIC, JSR $C2AC
for Original BASIC) to search the stack for the
GOSUB token. The subroutine loads the ac-
cumulator with the token found at the top of the
stack. We compare it to 141 to see if we have lo-
cated a GOSUB. If a GOSUB is not found, then an
error is returned. The error message sent is "? with-
out gosub error in xxxx". Notice that the standard
BASIC error routine is used, so program and
variable integrity are assured. The live PLAs simu-
late the action of a RETURN without really doing
anything.
This utility is especially useful in highly
"modular" programs. An error handling sub-
routine can easily remove "pending" COSUBs
from the stack to prevent them from building up
(and resulting in an "?out of memory error").
To use this POP in the preceding program,
change the POP in line 200 to a SYS 32512, or
whatever SYS location the loader indicates should
be used. The program does not change in any
other way.
Program 1: basic 4.o version
10 POKE53,PEEK(53)-l tPOKE 52,0:CLR
20 SADR=PEEK(52)+PEEK{53)*256
3 0 FOR ADDR=SADR TO SADR+22
40 READ DTTA:POKE ADDR, DTTAiNEXT ADDR
50 PRINT"USE SYS ";SADR
60 END
70 DATA 169,255,133,71,32,34,179,201
80 DATA 141,240,5,162,29,76,207,179
90 DATA 154,104,104,104,104,104,96
PrOQrom 2; Make These Changes For
Upgrade BASIC
70 DATA 169,255,133,71,32,170,194,201
80 DATA 141,240,5,162,29,76,87,195
Program 3: Make These Changes For
Original BASIC
70 DATA 169,255,133,71,32,172,194,201
80 DATA 141,240,5,162,29,76,89,195 ©
COMPUTE!
The Resource
May 1983 COMPUTE! 161
Bootmaker
For VIC, PET, And 64
M, G, Ryschkewitsch
Here's a good, short boot routine that's going to simplify
your programming efforts. This general technique can
be applied to many different boots (programs that load
other programs). A timesavcr far any Conmwdorc
computer.
How many times have you turned on your com-
puter and wished that you didn't have to go
through the tedium of loading utility programs or
remembering where to PEEK, POKE, or SYS to
link them in?
I'd like to describe a booting system which
uses the "dynamic keyboard" technique and a
modified version of the "Universal Wedge."
This particular boot can be used to simplify
setting up your computer for the graphing utility
which follows, but the general technique is simple
and useful for a wide variety of boots. A similar
technique can be used, for example, to ask a user
questions in order to initialize a printer prior to
loading a word processing program. If your PET
has BASIC 4.0 and you put your boot on a diskette
as the first program, the process is particularly
simple. Press SHIFT/RUN, and the hard part is
done by the computer.
The Dynamic Keyboard Technique
The dynamic keyboard technique involves fooling
the computer into thinking the user is entering
data from the keyboard. This is particularly easy
with the PET. It involves printing messages on
the screen and POKEing two locations in PET
memory, the keyboard buffer at decimal addresses
623-632 and location 158, which normally contains
the current number of characters in the buffer.
Your BASIC program must print all the entries
you'd normally make on the screen in the proper
locations (to leave room for the normal PET mes-
sages such as LOADING, etc.) and then return
the cursor to the home position. If you then POKE
the number of carriage returns (character 13) that
162 COMPOTE MCIV1983
you'd normally enter beginning with location 623
and that number also into location 158, here's
what happens.
After the PET finishes executing your boot, it
will wake up with the cursor in the home position
and believe you've pushed the RETURN key a
number of times. The first RETURN will cause it
to execute the line that the cursor is on, and, after
printing any appropriate messages, it will execute
as many subsequent lines as there are RETURNS
in the buffer. The only catch is that each line that
you want it to execute must be in the right place
or you will get no response or a SYNTAX ERROR.
Study the example in Program 1 to see exactly
what is necessary.
Note that Program 1 is merely an example of
setting up a boot program using the dynamic
keyboard technique. If the files INVISIBLE
WEDGE, PRINTER, and WORD PROC existed on
a disk, the program would first enable the use of
the Invisible Wedge utility as described below. It
would then load and execute a printer setup
routine called PRINTER. Finally, it would load
and run a word processing program with the file
name WORD PROC.
Sleight Of Hand
There is a hitch to this procedure if you want to
use the Universal Wedge. That program clears
the screen and prints a message when it's ex-
ecuted, wiping out your carefully laid out screen.
The part of the Wedge that prints the message is
fortunately in BASIC, but it requires a bit of sleight
of hand to modify since the BASIC line editor will
change the machine code that does the work un-
less you protect it.
If you load the Universal Wedge without
running it and use the Monitor (SYS 54386 for
4.0), you will find what looks like a BASIC program
from locations hexadecimal $0400 to $0496, termi-
nated by the usual set of triple double zeros.
Starting at $0500 and $0700, there are two blocks
TURN YOUR
COMPUTER INTO A
FULL-BLOODED WORD
PROCESSOR.
©1983 Quick Brown Fox
VIC 20" and Commodore 64" users,
something very clever is lying in wait for
you. It's called Quick Brown Fox!"
Quite simply Quick Brown Fox is the
quickest, easiest to learn, user-friendliest —
and most versatile — word processing
software running.
Take a look at some of these crafty features. You
full editing, even on standard displays. (The Fox supports most
80-column boards too.) You get automatic reformatting of edited
text, not the tedious paragraph -by- paragraph runaround. There's more.
You get single-key operation, text moving, boilerplating, tab and
margin settings, right justification, proportional spacing. You get in-
telligent software that uses less computer memory (That's how come
it even works with an off-the-shelf VIC 20.) You also get compatibility
with a wide range of printers — plus plenty more.
And you get it all for only $65. Doesn't that make you want to trot
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of machine code that do the actual work. If you
also PEEK at the contents of decimal 42 and 43
(which store the location of the end of the BASIC
text and the start of variable storage), you will
find that they point to a location at the end of the
second block of machine code {$B8 and $08).
Now POKE42,131 and POKE43,4 and type
CLR. This tells the editor that BASIC really doesn't
include the two blocks of machine code. You can
then change the BASIC program as long as you
don't increase it by more than 106 characters. Try
to use less than this just to be safe. In Program 2,
two UP CURSORS replace the CLEAR/HOME
and all the CURSOR DOWNs in the original.
You can now use the Monitor to save every-
thing up to the address hexadecimal $08B8. And
from now on you can load this version of the
Wedge just as you would load the original.
This same technique is equally applicable to
the VIC-20 and Commodore 64 (see Program 3).
For both these machines, the keyboard buffer is
located in memory locations 631-640 decimal, and
the number of characters in the buffer is contained
in location 198 decimal. The VIC's narrow screen
width must be taken into account when formatting
the program. Some of the messages may run over
onto a second line.
A small investment in bootmaking now can
pay big dividends later by causing fewer errors,
saving time and making the computer easier for
others to use.
Program 1: Sample Boot Program
100 QO$=CHR$(34) : REM DEFINE QUOTE FOR PRI
NTING
110 REM PRINT ENTRIES TO THE SCREEN IN PRO
PER SPOTS
120 PRINT" {CLEARU03 DOWN}lOAD" ; QO? ; "INVIS
IBLE WEDGE";Q0$r",8"
130 PRINT" {04 DOWNJrUN"
140 PRINT" JdOWNIlOAD" rQ0$; "PRINTER" , -00$ ; " ,
8"
150 PRINT" {04 down] RUN"
160 PRINT" {02 D0\W } LOAD ";Q0$; "WORD PR0C"?Q
0$;".8"
170 PRINT" {04 DOWN 3 RUN { HOME 1 "
180 REM POKE SIX RETURNS INTO KEYBOARD BUF
FER
190 REM POKE # OF RETURNS INTO LOG. 158
200 F0RI=1T06 : POKE622-I-1 , 13 :NEXT;P0KE158, 6
Program 2: invisible wedge
5 A=12*16"3:REM $C000
10 IFPEEKCa) 076THEN SYS1639;REM BASIC 2
15 IFPEEK(A)=76 THEN SYS2151:REM BASIC 4
20 PRINT" [02 UPIUNIVERSAL DOS SUPPORT LOA
DED"
2 5 NEW
100 QO$=CHR$(34): REM DEFINE QUOTE FOR PRI
NTING
110 REM PRINT ENTRIES TO THE SCREEN IN PRO
PER SPOTS
120 PRINT" {clear} {03 DOWnJlOAD" ;Q0$ r "PRINT
ER";Q0$;",8"
130 PRINT" {04 DOWN}rUN"
140 PRINT" {02 DOWN}LOAD"rQO$; "WORD PR0C";Q
0$;",8"
150 PRINT" {05 DOWN } RUN { HOME } "
160 REM POKE FOUR RETURNS TO KEYBOARD BUFF
ER
170 REM POKE # OF RETURNS TO LOG. 198
180 F0RI=1T04 :POKE630+I , 13 :NEXT: POKE198, 4
20 ™
Lood
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Basic Atari BASIC Sorts
E P McVlahon
Choosiiii^a 5u;Y routine iliat cliiiiimitcs uiuicccfiinn/
searches can save i/oii lime. Four sortin;^ luctliods are
examined in terms of tlieir spved, and there are some
hints on niakini;^ sorts uvrk faster.
Sorts - many programmers ignore them, many
don't understand them, and most misuse them.
Let's look at the insertion sort, the selection
sort, and the bubble sort. (The widely used bubble
sort is about the most inefficient sort routine
around.)
Why is it so widely used? Maybe because it's
so simple: go through the list to be sorted and
examine items, an adjacent pair at a time. If any
pair is not in the correct order, swap the pair.
Continue to the end of the list. If a swap was per-
formed, repeat the abo%'e steps; if not, the sort is
finished. This sounds more simple and direct
than it may be.
Some Terms Defined
A file contains records (or items) which are to be
sorted according to the keifs which are a part, or
all of, each record. (The last name in a file of names
and addresses is a key for alphabetizing the list.)
We will assume sorted means "placed in the order
of ascending or descending value of the keys."
Another way to sort is to build an auxiliarv file of
pointers which identify the records in the desired
order- a good approach for large disk files.
One more definition: a stable sort does not
disturb the results of a previous sort when the
sort keys are equal. For example, you sort a file of
records consisting of names and addresses al-
phabetically by first name (key = first name). You
then sort the file by last name. If the sort is stable,
when you have finished the second sort John Doe
will follow Jane Doe and precede Joseph Doe; if
not, the order of the Does will be arbitrary.
Multiple passes through a stable sort (in
reverse order of importance of the keys) will
accomplish the same thing as a sort on multiple
keys. Simply said, a sort on multiple keys checks
the second key any time the first keys of two re-
cords being compared are equal. This is how to
convert any of the following single key sorts into
a multiple key sort.
Let's discuss the program listings now so
166 COMPimi Mav19B3
you can refer to them as you read the rest of this
article.
Bubble Sort
The first program is a bubble sort written in Atari
BASIC. I'll review this listing since some of the
REMark lines will apply to the other programs,
and sections of the code will be identical in the
other programs.
The file to be sorted is in string S$ and consists
of N records each of length LREC. We will sort
this file in place according to the key which is part
of the record. The key starts at KB and ends at KF
characters offset from the beginning of each
record .
Lines in the lOO's initialize; line 200 sets the
clock to zero. Lines in the lOOO's and 1 lOO's are
the sorts. Line 1500 reads and prints the clock;
and the subroutine in the 2000's generates a ran-
dom file to be sorted (each record consists of two
random letters and a blank).
Let's look at the bubble sort. Why is it so
weak? Primarily because many redundant com-
parisons are made, but also because records being
moved are put down and picked up at each step.
There really are better ways to sort which are just
as easy.
The bubble sort (Program 1) uses one trick to
make the "standard" bubble sort a little faster.
Each pass through the fife moves the largest re-
maining out-of-placG record to its correct position.
Also, we might be lucky and find some records
already sorted. Remember that we use a flag to
signalif another pass through the file is necessary.
The trick is to use that flag to identify the location
of the last swap made (line 1040). We never need
examine past that point again; so, as shown in the
program, FLAG and TOP limit the search. The
bubble still isn't good enough.
Insertion Sort
I'll use a card player sorting a hand of 13 cards to
help you visualize what's going on in each sort.
Our right-handed card player does the inser-
tion sort by holding the first dealt card in the left
hand and the other 12 cards in the right. Notice
that the first card is already "inserted" in the
sorted file in the left hand. He or she examines
the next card to be sorted, initially card number
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two, and compares it to the cards in the left hand,
initially just the first card. If card two is bigger, it
remains card two as it is placed in the left hand; if
smaller, card one is shifted to become card two,
and card two from the right hand becomes card
one in the left.
Each step, then, compares the next card to be
inserted (from the right iiand) with the last card
in the left hand. If the new card is larger, it be-
comes the last card; if not, the old card in the left
hand is moved one space lower, and the new
card is compared with the next old card in line.
This last step is repeated until the new card is
inserted.
Now what is the worst case for this sort? A
file that must be inverted. Each card must be com-
pared with every card in the left hand, and every
card in the left hand must be moved in each step.
Best case? When the file is in order except for a
new entry at the end (new last card).
Some people defend using the bubble sort
when it's used to add a record to an already sorted
file, but the insertion sort is faster at this, too. Just
put the new record at the end of the file (new
record number N) and change the loop indices
(line 1000) to "FOR J = N TO N" and less than one
pass through the sort will correctly place the new
record.
Program 2 is an insertion sort written in Atari
BASIC. Lines 1000-1100 are the sort itself; the rest
of the lines follow the same convention described
for the bubble sort.
Selection Sort
The selection sort is just as easy. This time, the
card plaver holds all the cards in the right hand
and scans from left to right for the smallest. The
smallest card is extracted, placed in the left hand
as card one, and the cards in the right hand are
shifted to the right to fill the gap caused bv the
extracted card. The cards in the right hand are
now numberecl two to thirteen. The process re-
peats: scan the cards in the right hand, extract the
smallest, and add it at the end of the cards in the
left hand. Shift cards in the right hand to the right
to remove the gap. When onlv one card remains
in the right hand, it is the largest, and the sort is
finished.
The worst case for this sort is also a file that
must be inverted. Each card that is selected is the
last one in the set of unsorted cards.
Let's look at the differences in these al-
gorithms. In the insertion sort, we examined a
sorted sub-list and insert a new record; in the selec-
tion sort, we examine an iiiisorlcd sub-list and
select a new record. Suppose you are interested
in the first ten items in a UX)-item file. Which
routine vs'ould you use? The selection sort of
course, stopping after the tenth item is found.
168 COmfUTf! MavW83
If you implement the selection algorithm
exactly as stated above to sort string variables,
you'll find that shifting the "cards" in the right
hand to remove the gap is inconvenient. (Try
shifting a string of, say, ten characters five spaces
to the right. If you don't know what will happen,
try A$(6,16) = A$(l,10) and see what the result is.)
A Couple Of Tricks
Atari BASIC loves to shift strings to the left, so
we'll modify the sort algorithm to take advantage
of this. All we do is hold the unsorted cards in the
left hand and put the extracted cards in the right
hand. The gap is removed by shifting cards in the
left hand to the left. Take a look at Program 3, a
modified selection sort. There are a couple oi tricks
there. The variable TAIL defined in line 1000 lo-
cates the last record in the file SS- This location is
the spot in our right hand where the selected card
(record) will be placed.
The second trick is using the variable LAST
to remember information from the last examina-
tion pass through the left hand. It is set to the
next-to-the-smallest item in the list, so it has a
head start on our next examination search. It is
easy to save this information during the search.
Note that we save time on every other search
(unless there are ties - then we save more) because
we have to reset the flag in case we do not hit a
swap. Line 1090 extracts the selected record, line
1100 moves the entire right side of the file one
record to the left in one fell swoop, and the selected
record is put at the tail. Lines 1140 to 1160 put the
last record in its place at the end.
What would the bubble sort look like to our
card player? He would examine cards one and
two, and swap them if necessary. He would then
compare cards two and three, swapping if needed.
The process continues with cards three and four,
four and five, and soon, to Hand 13. Finished?
Not yet. If any pair of cards were swapped, the
process is repeated from the start. Have vou ever
sorted cards this way? Would you?
Modified Insertion Sort
The string-moving trick in the selection sort
suggested that the same trick could be applied to
the insertion sort. This results in the modified
insertion sort (Program 4), where the sorted file is
on the right of the string and the unsorted part of
the file is on the left. The first record is always the
record to be inserted, and when the insertion
spot is found, the string up to the insertion spot
is shifted to the right, over the first record.
This is a fast program; unfortunately, it is no
longer as stable as the first three programs. It can
be made stable by adding an artificial record to
the file which is guaranteed to be the last record
for any search key (no ties), since the instability
400 + 400 = 600?
600? Seems ridiculous, and
at first glance that s what you
probably thought, but in fact our
"equation" above represents a
reality that exists now. with
the Tara 400 keyboard for the
Atari 400. Designed to provide the
Atari 400 user with the hardware
of tomorrow, today. Designed with
an understanding of the essential
superiority of a keyboard as
a man- machine interface.
Designed with the user in mind.
For example, our keyboard does
not attach to the 400 with a
ribbon cable, but fits neatly into
the original housing In 5 minutes,
directly replacing the old
membrane panel, and is styled to
complement the lines of the
computer itself Sure, other
keyboards have been sold, but
who wants one that hangs off the
computer, or whose keys fall off
when you type on It? Our keys are
actually gold-contact switches.
offering Increased reliability and
performance, second to none.
Coupled with the Tara 48K RAM
expansion board, you can easily
see how 400 + 400 = 600.'
providing the user today with the
hardware of tomorrow.
Why wait? This and many of the
quality Tara products are waiting
for you at your favorite dealer
Or call us for the Tara dealer
nearest you. He 'II be happy to
show you how rudimentary it can
all be with Tara.
Computer Products inc
Statler Building. 107 Delaware Ave.,
Suite 1610, Buffalo, NY 74202 (7)61 855-0133
2 Robert Speck Parkway, Suite 1540,
Mississauga, Ontario 1,42 1H8
(416) 273-6820
TARA PRODUCT LINE
• Alan 400 KeytxDard
• Atari 48K HAM
• Alan 32K RAM
• Apple 16K RAM
COtHING SOON FROM TARA
• Apple 64K/128K RAM
• IBM 256K RAM
• Alan 64K RAM
'600 - The Alan redesigned lull keyboard verson
ol the Atari 400.
Atari and Atari 400 are registered trademarks
ol Warner Commmunicalions.
Li;co Computer Marketing & Consultants
TO ORDER
CALL US
TOLL FREE 800-233-8760
In PA 1-717-398-4079
DUST COVER
with Purchase of
ATARI 800 48K .... $489.00
ATARI 400 64K .... $349.00
810 DISK DRIVE $419.00
ATAR1 1 200 64K RAM ... $ call $
ATARI
I ^p A Wvnef Commuri<ar>Oft5 Company
ATARI HARDWARE
810 DISK DRIVE..... $419.00
41 0 RECORDER $75.00
1 01 0 RECORDER $75.00
850 INTERFACE $164.00
PACKAGES
CX482 EDUCATOR $119.00
CX 483 PROGRAMMER $54.00
CX48S COMMUNICATOR $219.00
CX41 9 SOOKEEPER $1 89.00
KX7104 ENTERTAINER $69.00
SOFTWARE
CXL4012 MISSILE COMMAND... $28.75
CXL401 3 ASTEROID $28.75
CXL4020 CENTIPEDE $32.75
CXL4022 PACMAN $32.75
CXL401 1 STAR RAIDER $34.75
CXL4004 BASKETBALL $26.75
CXL4006 SUPER BREAKOUT .... $28.75
CXL4008 SPACE INVADER $28.75
CX8130 CAVERNS OF MARS $31.75
CX41 08 HANGMAN $12.75
CX4102 KINGDOM $12.75
CX41 1 2 STATES &
CAPITALS $12.75
CX41 14 EUROPEAN
COUNTRIES $12.75
CX4109 GRAPH IT $16.75
CX4121 ENERGY CZAR $12.75
CX41 23 SCRAM $1 9. 75
CX4101 PROGRAMMING! $19.75
CX4106 PROGRAMMING II $22.75
CX41 1 7 PROGRAMMING III $22.75
CXL401 5 TELELINK $21.75
CX41 1 9 FRENCH $39.75
CX41 1 6 GERMAN $39.75
CX41 20 SPANISH $39.75
CXL4007 MUSIC COMPOSER .... $33.75
CXL4002 ATARI BASIC $45.75
CX8126 MICROSOFT
BASIC $65.75
CXL4003 ASSEMBLER
EDITOR $45.75
CX81 26 MACRO
ASSEMBLER $69.75
CXL4018 PILOT HOME $65.75
CX405 PI LOT E DUC ATOR $99 . 75
CX41S HOME FILING
MANAGER $41 ,75
CX41 4 BOOKKEEPER $1 1 9.75
MONITORS
NEC JB12e0 $125.00
NEC JB1201 $155.00
NEC TCI 201 $315.00
AMDEK300G $159.00
AMDEK COLOR I $329.00
MODEMS
ANCHOR MARK 1
$79,00
ANCHOR MARK II
$79 00
HAYES SMART
$239.00
HAYES MICRO II
$309 00
CAT
$144.00
J-CAT
S CAI 1 «
PERCOM DISK DRIVES
SINGLE DRtVE AT88 $389.00
ADD ON $289.00
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ADD ON $329.00
DUAL DRIVE 40S2 $845.00
DUAL HEAD SINGLE DRIVE 44S1 ...$649.00
DUAL HEAD DUAL DRIVE 44S2 .... $789.00
THIRD PARTY
48K RAM
..$99.00
64K RAM
.$149.00
$25 50
EASTERN FRONT 1941 .
OUTLAW/HOWITZER
WIZARD of WAR
MY FIRST ALPHABET
...$15.50
...$31.00
...$25.50
NEW RELEASE
400 KEYBOARD
S
. $99.00
.$32.75
.$25.75
.$19.75
.$24.75
.$24.75
.$39.95
.$52.75
MINER 2049er.. .,,,
FROGGER
PREPPIE
SEA DRAGON
STRATOS
DISKY
MONKEY WRENCH 2
DISKETTES : In Stock
BASF
.,,$19.00
ELEPHANT
.,,$21.00
MAXELL MDI ....
...$34,00
MAXELL MDIi
,,.$44,00
BUSINESS SOI- 1 WAR
VISICALC
LETTER PERFECT
E
.$159.75
,$115.75
.$159.75
..,$75.75
LETTER PERFECT ..ROM ,
DATA PERFECT
TEXT WIZZARD
.. .579.75
SPELL WIZZARD
...S64.75
FILE MANAGER 800 t
.. $69.75
ATARI WORD PRO
.5109.75
POLICY
DURING APRIL
I In-Stock items shipped within 24 hours of order. Personal
I checks require lour weeks clearance before shipping. No
I deposit for COD orders. PA residents add sales tax. All products
I subject to availability and price change. Advertised prices
show 4% discount offered for cash. Add 4% for Mastercard and
Visa.
TO ORDER
CALL TOLL FREE
800-233-8760
In PA 1-717-39.8-4079
or send order to
Lyco Computer
P.O. Box 5088
I Jersey Shore, PA 1 7740]
Lyco Computer Marketing & Consultants
TO ORDER
CALL US
TOLL FREE 800-233-8760
In PA 1-717-398-4079
SAVE = PRINTERS
i
PROWRITER $375.00
NEC 8023A $439.00
SMITH CORONA TP1 ...$569.00
THtRD PARTY SOFTWARE
ONLINE
WIZARD a PRINCESS $28.75
FROGGER $26.75
CROSS FIRE $34.75
BRODERBUND
CHOPLIFTER $26.75
APPLE PANIC $22.75
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STAR BLAZER $24,75
CBS
KRAZV SHOOT $31.75
KSTAR PATROL $31.75
K-RAZY ANTICS $31 .75
K-RAZV KRITTERS $31.75
AUTOMAT. SIMULATION
INVASION ORION $20.75
TEMPLE OF ASPHAI $28.75
STAR WARRIOR $28.75
KING ARTHUR'S HEIR $23.75
RESCUE AT RIGEL $23.75
DATA SOFT
PACIFIC HIGHWAY . $24.75
CANYON CLIMBER . $24.75
CLOWNS AND BALLOONS $24.75
MICRO PAINTER S24.7S
SANDS OF EGYPT $24.75
EASTERN HOUSE
MONKEY WRENCH II „, $52.75
ALIEN GROUP
SAM ....$45.75
VOICE BOX $119.75
ADVENTURE INTER.
PREPPIE
STRATOS
SEA DRAGON
$19.75
$24.75
$24.75
IDS!
POOL1.5
POOL400
$25.75
$29.75
$29.75
SPEEDWAY BLAST
GAME STAR
STARBOWL FOOTBALL
BAJA BUGGY
$CALL
$24.75
ROKLAND
WIZARD OF WAR
$24.75
GORF
$29.75
DELUX INVADER
$28.75
THORN EMI
SUBMARINE COMMANDER .
JUMBO JET
$35.75
$35 75
KICKBACK
SOCCER
$35.75
$35.75
SYNAPSE
SHAMUS
SLIME
$24.75
$24.75
BUSINESS somi
VARE
LETTER PERFECT
$115 75
LETTER PERFECT (ROM)
DATA PERFECT
$159.75
$75 75
TEXT WIZARD
$79.75
SPELL WIZARD
$64.75
FILE MANAGER 800+
$69.75
BIGS
1
MINER 2049ER
$35.75
OKIDATAa2A $419.00
OKIDATA 83A $639.00
OKIDATA84 S1 029.00
OKIDATA TRACTOR $63.00
STARWRITER $1475.00
PRINTMASTER $1675.00
PRINTER CABLES
for Atari
CITOH S35.00
EPSON S35.00
NEC $35.00
OKIDATA S35.00
SMITH CORONA S35.00
JOYSTICKS
Le Slick $32.75
Atari $9-25
POINTMASTER $12.75
WICO
WICO COMMAND CONTROL. .$22.75
WICO RED BALL $26.75
WICO TRACK BALL $52.75
EXTENSION CORD $8.75
COMPUTER
COVERS
W» $a.99
810 $6.99
-«» $6.99
-•10 S6.99
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FURNITURE
GUSDORF $59.75
BUSHCTA120 $69.75
add-on TV shall $17.95
INHOME
400 KEY BOARD jgg „
occurs only with the last record in the file. To to last record swapped (start
examine the stability of these sorts, sort first with ^^ '^ '
both key. (KB and KF)e,ual.o two, and then ' "° ;^, ^^^i^jl^^^^^K^^^^Ji^^iJi^^r?;
sort With both equal to one. EN 1080:REM check if no swap ne
There is another way to make the modified eded
insertion sort stable, and that is to pick the record loio flag = J:REm -flag that we^re swap
to be inserted from the end of the Linsorted part ..^ pmg record j
f,, „■•,., 4 I • ,. J r J IV J lu5u HOLD* = S* ( < J-l ) *LREC+1 )
of the lis (record J instead of record l)and remove lo^o s* < ( j-i > *lrec-h i . j jlreo =s* ( j *lr
the equal sign from the sort test in line 1020. This ec+i . ( j + i > ♦lreo
results in a slower program than the modified 1070 s*(j«lrec+i, f j + i ) *lrec) =hold*: r
insertion sort shown. ^^ 1050 to here swaps J and J + l
(not J-1 >
Powering Up loso next j
A short set of runs of the four programs (with no ^'^'^^ H!.'*^ s* = rem remove this for sp
DDTXTT I. ,. L J ■.. XT f->^x eed. This shows -file after eac
I^KINl statements and with N = 50) gave average h pass.
times of 80.8 seconds for the bubble, 48 for the io90 IF flag<; >o then top=flag-i : goto
insertion, 34 for modified selection, and 23.3 for ioiosrem if a swap was made, r
modified insertion. The programs can be powered, ,,^^ ?^^^-,I?^ ^""^ start over.
made taster. One easy way is to precompute the j ^
constant part of the test in each sort statement. In iioi rem * end of sort{i5 spacesj*
the insertion sort, for instance, add line 1015 1102 rem ***«******«***«*»*«*»**««*«
HOLDS = S$((J' 1 )*LREC + KB, (J- 1 )*LREC + KF) * *
J u 1.-1. I. T ir-<i rMP c ll. -iij fLi I49 0 REM read and print the clock
and subshtute HOLDS for the right Side of the i^o^ print < (peek ( 1 b) *2S6-hpeek ( 19> ) *
test in line 1020.
256+PEEK (20> ) /hO: STOP
2035 NEXT K: PRINT S*;PRINT
040 RETURN
If the above descriptions of the sort algorithms 1V90 rem generates a random file
aren't clear to you, try sorting a hand of cards 2000 for k=o to n-i
according to the rules Then execute the programs ^'''" s* (k*3.1) =chr* (i nt <rnd (O) *26.6t
as listed. If it will help, print out the loop indices 2020 s* (k*3 + 2> =chr* ( int (rnd (O) *26 + 6!
at each step to see what's going on and how the ) >
tricks work to save a few searches here and there. 203O st<K*3+3)
If you're going to use these routines in another
program, take out the REMs and print statements _ ^^
for more speed. Better vet, code the sort you need ffogtom 2: insertion Sort
1 ■ "^i ' ^ 100 DIM S4 <200)
m machine language. , ^ 110 dim hold* (3)
There are more efficient (and more complex) 120 lrec = 3: kb=i : kf = 2
sorts: Shell's sort. Quicksort, and Heapsort, for 130 n= 1 3
examples. A quite complete study and reference i'^*^' gosub 2000
on sorting (and searching) is the third volume of
DonaldE. Knuth' s The Art of Computer Program- ^^^-, r^m »»*********«***««****«***«**
miiig (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1973). »«
_ ^ - „ ^,, _ . 991 REM «C28 SPACES:*
Programi: Bubble Sort ^^^ re„ , insertion sort 03 spaces:*
100 DIM S«<200):REM the file 993 REM *<:28 SPACES}*
110 DIM HDLD*(3>:REM temporary space 994 REM ****************************
to move a record **
120 LREC=3:KB=1:KF=2:REM record leng lOOO FDR J=2 TO N:REM pick record to
th, begining and end of KEYfield be inserted
130 N=13-.REM number of records lOlO I=J-J:REM I is the end of the s
140 GDSUB 2000:REM generate random f orted part of the file (left ha
200 P^KE 20,0:P0KE 18,0:P0KE 19.O:P0 1020 IF S* ( ( I - 1 ) »LREC +KB , ( I - 1) *LREC +
KE 2oto=REM start clock at zero KF X =S* ( ( J - 1 ) *LREC*KB , ( J - i ) *LRe
990 REM **««***«***«*****«»**«**«*** C^-KF) THEN 1050:REM should rec
200 POKE 20,0:P0KE 18,0: POKE 19,O:P0
KE 20, O
J be inserted'
1030 I = 1-1:REM no. look at nB>;t sort
**
991 REM *<:2s spaces:*
992 REM * bubble sort<;i6 SPACES>* ^d record
99^ REM *<28 SPACES! * i^'^O IF I >0 THEN 1020: REM unless thi
994 REM »«»«»*******«******»****«*** 5 is *h^ first record
J 1045 REM insertion starts here
lOOO T0P = N-1 ^'^^'^' ^^ I=J-1 THEN 1105:REM don't in
1030 FLAG=0:REM points to last recor sert J on itself ,.,_,,, ^
d swapped or zero 1060 H0LD* = S* ( ( J - 1) *LREC+ 1 , J *LREC) : R
1020 FOR J=l TO T0P:REM only look up EM pick up rec J
172 COHPUTI! MavWB3
la:
mmm
THIS POKER PLAYER HAS SOMETHING
UP HIS SLEEVE . . .
HE TALKS!
The makers of S.A.M,. the Software Automatic f\/louth. now
bring you a revolutionary talking game: POKERSAM. He
narrates every hand aloud, naming ttie upturned cards,
announcing ttie bets, and wisecracking wtienever he
gets the chance. Like a lot of poker players, he's some-
times full of bluster and he isn't always a good sport. But
he's always a real character with a gift for gab.
Your Atari needs no separate speech synthesizer (o
produce POKERSAIW's speech. It's all done with the
S.A.M. speech system. As you may know. S.A.Ivl. is available
separately as an untimited-vocabulary speech synthesizer
that you can access in your own programs. POKERSAM is
not a tool for creating your own computer speech, but it
contains a small module of the S A.f\/I. system. This means it
can make any Atari computer speak, without additional
hardware or software!
Dealer inquiries welcome
by Jerry White
For the Atari 400. 800, and 1200 XL • Disk or cassette
Requires 32K RAM • Suggested retail: S24.95
To order direcl Ifom DON T ASK. send a check or money order or call 1o order
COD Add S2 00 shipping and handling Californi,! rtisidfinis add 6"ii s^\p-^ lax
(6 5% if you reside in L A Coimty} Please specify disk or cassette version.
Registered owrK'rs of S A M for the Alan you can gel a special low-priced u«riiion
of POKERSAM Please write lo DONT ASK lor informalion and he sure to indi-
cate your SAM serial number
D(DnT ASK
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
2265 WestwoDd Bl.. Ste B-1 50
Los Angeles, CA 90064
(213) 477-4514 or 397-8611
ATARI IS ,1 tiademarli ol ATARI INC
NOW! For your A^ari 400'''/800'''
MPP-1100 Parallel Printer
Interface
MPP-1100 Parillal
Printer {mmrimcm
wO
MPP-1000 Modem
MPP.1000
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^^TE-
r
3
No Atan 850^^ Interface fyloctule needed.
Compatible with all softtware [including Visicalc^". Text
Wizard™, and RIemanager BQQ^''^. etc]
5 foot cable with Centronic plug [compatible with Epson,
NEC, IDS, etc. ~ adaptor available for Atari 825^'*^].
Faster data transfer.
2 year warranty.
Replacement ROM for operating system.
Compatible with fvllCROBITS IVlodem.
8 bit data transfer for graphics
mpp
only
miCROBITS
PERIPHERPL
PRODUCTS
• No Atari 850''" Interface IVIodijte Needed
• Smart Terminal Software
• 1 6K Tape/Disk
• Direct Connect
• Connects to Joystick Port #4
Smart Terminal features:
• Multiple Buffers
• Off-line Editing
• Upload/Download of Text and Programs
• Binary RIes
■ Full/Half Duplex
• ASCII/ATASCII Translation
• Allows Transfer of RIes Larger than Memory
• Variable Baud Rate
• Parity Options
• 100% fylachine Language
only $19S.QO
434 W. First Street • Albany, Oregon 97321 • [503] 967-9075
MOV1983 COMPVTI! 173
Program 4: Modified insertion Sort
lOO DIM S« (200)
110 DIM HOLD* (3)
1070 FOR K=J-1 TD I+l STEP -1:REM 5I vially goes at the end
ide sorted records to make room 1150 S* ( 1 > =S* (LREC+ 1 )
■for J 1 1 60 S* (TAIL) =HaLD*
loao S* (K*LREC+1 , <K.+ 1 > «LREC) =S* ( (K-1 1170 PRINT S* : REM a 1 1 don e , t a k e a loo k .
) *LREC+1 , K*LREC> 1200 REM ****««**«**«*««»**«***»»**»
1090 NEXT K t*
1100 S* ( I*LREC+1 . ( I + l ) *LREC)=HOLDS: R 1210 REM » end o-f sortM5 SPACES3*
EM insert rec J 1220 REM «»*»»«»«»«** t t ««**«»»** t »* *
1105 PRINT S*:REM take a look at the *t
file 1500 PRINT ( ( PEEK ( 1 8 ) *256 + PEEh; ( 1 9 ) ) »
1110 NEXT J 2564-PEEK (20) ) /60: STOP
1120 REM »»***»*»«*««»«*****»****»*« 2000 FOR K=0 TD N-1
«* 2010 S* (K«3+l ) =CHR* ( INT(RNDiO)«2A + 65) )
1130 REM * end of sortClS SPACES!* 2020 S« ( K *3 + 2 ) =CHR« ( I NT( RND( O )* 26 + 65) >
1140 REM «****«****««*»««»****»«»«*« 2030 S*(K*3+3)=" "
** 2035 NEXT K; PRINT S*: PR INT
1500 PRINT ( (PEEK ( IS) *256 + PEEi< ( 19) ) * 2040 RETURN
256+PEEK(2 0) )/60:ST0P
2000 FOR K=0 TO N-1
2010 S* (K«3+l ) =CHR* ( INT (RND (0) *26 + 65 * *^"^' ?^" S«(200)^
> )
2020 S* ( K*3+2) =CHR* ( INT (RND ( 0) »26+65 120 LREC=3 : KB= 1 : KF=2
) ) 130 N= 1 3
2030 S*(Kt3+3)=" " 140 GDSUB 20O0
2035 NEXT K:PRINT S*:PRINT 200 POKE 20,0:P0KE 13,0:P0KE 19.0:P0
2040 RETURN KE 20,0
Program 3: Modified Selection Sort '''''' ^f ************,*****»**»******
100 DIM S*(200) <^91 REM *<:28 SPACES}*
110 DIM H0LD*(3) 992 REM * modified insertion sort
120 LREC=3:KB=1:KF=2 {4 SPACES>*
130 N=13 993 REf^ *C2S SPACES]*
140 GOSUB 2000 994 re^ **»««»«»««»«******»»««*«*«**
200 POKE 20, O: POKE 18, O: POKE 19,0:PD **
KE 20,0 1000 FOR J=N-1 TO 1 STEP -1:REM J wi
990 REM *#*#*****##**#************** ;^j (-,g the beginning of the sort
** ed 1 i St
991 REM *{;28 SPACES]* 1010 I=N:REM I is the end of the sor
992 REM « modified selection sort ted part of t h e f i 1 e ( r i gh t hand)
{4 SPACES]* 1020 IF S* < ( I -1 ) «LREC + KB. ( I - 1 ) *LREC +
993 REM *C28 SPACES]* KF ) < =S* ( KB , KF ) THEN iOS0:REM sh
994 REM »*********»**#««««««***«**** Duld rec 1 be inserted here?
** IO30 I = I-1:REM no, look at ne>;t sort
1000 TA IL= (N-1 ) *LREC+1 : REM define la ^^ record
st record location 1040 IF I > J THEN 1020:REM unless thi
1010 LAST = 0:REM initialize 5 J5 t^^ie first record in the so
1020 FDR J=0 TO N-2:REM select a rec
rted list
"""tJ 104S REM insertion starts here
1030 I NDEX=LAST : LAST=Oi REM adjust po J050 jp 1=1 THEN 1105:REM don't inse
inters from last search rt J on itself
1040 IF lNDEX>N-J-2 THEN 1090: REM ne j^iO HaLD«=S« (1 . LREC )
Kt selection is now last unsort 1070 S* ( 1 , ( I - 1 ) « LREC ) =S* ( LREC+ 1 , I *LR
ed rec EC):REM slide records to make r
105O FOR I=INDEX+1 TO N-J-1:REM sear ^^^ ^^ insert rec 1
ch unsorted part of file 1100 S* ( ( I - 1 ) «LREC+ 1 , I *LREC ) =HOLD« : R
1060 IF SS ( I *LREC+KB, I »LREC+KF) <S* ( I g^ insert rec 1
NDEX*LREC+KE, INDEX*LREC+KF) THE 1 j 05 PRINT S«:REM take a look at the
N LAST=INDEX : INDEX=I : REM best tt file
2nd best 1110 NEXT J
1070 NEXT I 1120 REM ***************************
1080 IF INDEX=N-1 THEN 1120:REM reco ^
rd is in place 1 I 30 REM » end of Bort<!15 SPACES]*
1090 HOLD*=S* ( I NDEX«LREC+1 ) : REM pick 1140 REM ****«***»*«»******»«*******
up selected record *t
1100 S$ ( INDEX*LREC+1 ) =S* ( ( INDEX + 1 ) *L 150O PRINT ( ( PEEK ( 1 S ) *256 + PEEK ( 1 9 ) ) »
REC+1):REH slide many records t 256+PEEK ( 20 ) ) / 60 : STOP
ocloseup space 2 000F0RK=0T0N-1
1110 S« (TAIL ) =H0LDt: REM put selected 2OIO S« ( K«3+ 1 ) =CHRt ( I NT( RND( 0 )* 26 + 65) )
ren at end 2020 S* ( K* 3 + 2 ) =CHR« ( I NT! RND( O )t 26 + 65) )
1120 PRINT S«:REM take a look 2030 S*(K«3+3)=" "
1130 NEXT J:REM ne>:t selection 2035 NEXT K:PR1NT S«:PRINT
1140 H0LD*=S«:REM last selection tri 2O40 RETURN ®
17i COMPUTE! MOV 1983
Beginners: see the
special program
typing instructions
on page 128.
QUICK DRAW
ATARI 400/600
PRICE 19.95
Quick Oriw it > ^uick ihd *«»y wiy to "draw" and "itva" picturas in graphks
mods 3-11. To start, put in tha Quick Draw diik and turn the powaron. Salact
th6 di-awintj program frpn Xht pr^ram menu and a rrMnu of the picturas on djtk is
displavfid. Ydu are also prompted for th« "graphics mode", "load pictuj^e name",
"savft picture hinw" and "eras* scre*n v^n"- Note, graphics mode fl has the
highest resolution and 4 colors. Graphics moda 3-11 require the GTIA chip.
Answer the prompts a.nd yoM are ready to draw a picture. To plot a dot, you
position a cursor using the joystick and press the fire button. A dot i$ then
platted under the cursor. Holding the fire button down and moving the ioyitick
will contjnously plot dots making lines. To draw a straight line, you position two
cursors ufing your foystick and press the fire button. A straight line is then
drawn between the two cursors. Holding the fire button down and moving the
jtiystick will ccntinously draw lines maktng boxes. The keyboard is used to
change from plot to draw n'KXJe and to change colors- Many other functions are
used including sound, mirror and roll. With Quick Draw you can recreate pictures
traced on your picture tube of your favorate games. Pictured drawn on clear
plastic and taped ta your picture tube may also be recreated with Quick Draw. I
am also trying to form a picture club to buy, tell and trade pictures drawn with
Quick Draw.
Requires: ATARI 4O0/6O0, 32k. BASIC, 1 disk drive, DOS 2.0 and 1 joystick.
To buy, send a check for 19.95 to:
Steven Easton '
MAKES ATARI
BASIC FLY.
With ABC^", Monarch's |new BASIC
compiler for ATARI 400* and 800, you
develop and debug pro-1 grams using
your ATARI BASIC car- #tridge, then
use ABC to transform ■ them into
compact code that runs* up to 12
times faster, without the ^cartridge
(and protects your source^code, too).
40K and disl< required. ^^ For your ABC
diskette and manual.^^send check or
money order for ^F' $69.95 (or $9.95 for
manual alone) .^^ Monarch Data Systems
^^P.O. Box 207, Cochituate
^^^MA 01778, (617) 877-3457.
MastercardA/isa by phone. Dealer
inquiries invited, Mass. residents add
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PET Super Editor
Craig Disston
Create slriiigs on screen from single keysirokes. prcveiif
scrolls, softkei/, define control kei/s, transfer the entire
screen into an array - these and other techniques can be
achieved with this versatile screen editing subroutine.
For data bases, mailing lists, assemblers, or any other
program ivhicli requires frequent user input, the ideas
and examples in this article should prove of value. It
works 0)1 any PET/CBM.
One of the first items many people buy for their
computers is a word processing program. A word
processor (or its cousin, the text editor) allows
text data to be entered, changed, added, or deleted
at will. Because a word processor is screen-
oriented, the user can manipulate the displayed
text and quickly perform editing functions.
Word processing is not the onlv application
which requires the input of extensive text data.
Other applications, such as mailing list manage-
ment or data base management, also involve the
entry of much text data. In manv of these pro-
grams, however, input is laborious and inflexible,
limited to line-bv-Iine entries.
With a text editor, text entry is easy. Input
for other applications can be just as easy. Although
most word processor and text editor programs
are written in assembly language, a simple, fast
BASIC routine provides some of the advantages
of the dedicated text processors, without resorting
to machine language. This routine can be incor-
porated into any program.
This article introduces a use of the GET com-
mand that gives the programmer full control of
the keyboard and the screen. I have used it to
write a text editor, a mailing list program, and an
assembler-editor. The routine described below is
screen-oriented, displays a blinking cursor, lets
each kev act normally unless altered by the pro-
grammer, and is as fast as the fastest typist.
Although 1 have written this routine for the PET,
the idea can be used with many computers. It is
necessary to know only a few operating system
locations.
176 COMPUni WlavWSS
What GET Does
The GET command in most BASICs polls the
keyboard and returns a value if a key has been
struck since the last inquiry. The TRS-80 equiva-
lent is INKEY$. If a key has been struck, GET
returns the ASCII value of the key struck; other-
wise, it returns the null string (string of length
zero). Hitting RETURN is not necessary, and the
key hit does not appear on the screen, unless the
program provides for that. GET is often used in
games for a waiting loop:
10 PRINT "HIT ANY KEY TO CONTINUE."
20 GET Z$: IF Z$= "" THEN 20 : REM NULL "
STRING
30 < PROGRAM CONTINUES >
In another common u.se of GET, the answer
from the user will appear on the screen as soon as
a valid key is hit:
10 PRINT "DO YOU WANT [QUESTION]? ANSWER
'Y' OR 'N' ";
20 GET Z? : IF Z? <>"Y" AND Z? <> "N" THEN
20
30 IF ZS = "Y" THEN PRINT "YES": ... YE
S RESPONSE
40 PRINT "NO": ... NO RESPONSE
The previous example demonstrates two
things. First, the keyboard canhe select iveiy oiabled .
(This is sometimes called softkey, since the keys
are defined by software, not hardware.) Each key
can have its usual meaning, a special meaning, or
no meaning. (If the key has no meaning, it is said
to be disabled.) Second, the program determines
what screen output, if any, there is for each kev.
(By "key" we mean a value that can be input from
the keyboard. Most keys have a shifted and an
unshifted value.)
Combining GET With Softkeys
These two features can be combined to allow full-
screen editing and input under program control.
This is far superior to the liiie-by-line function of
the INPUT statement. The routine below has the
following advantages:
• full-screen editing.
BUSICALC
BGSICALC A Honey of an Electronic Spreadsheet
Why electronic spreadsheet programs?
Electronic spreadsheet programs allow the user to create a gridsheet,
spreadsheet, worksheet, or any other table of information, using the
memory of the computer as pencil and paper The computer display or
terminal acts as a window through which the user views the information
as it is entered. Textual information {such as headings), numerical values,
and formulas can easily be entered into the spreadsheet.
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The outstanding advantage of using a computer is that it acts not only
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The user can quickly and easily make any number of alterations to the
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Features
Provides full screen edit, delete, erase, hsert,
transfer and document merge facilities.
Simple facilities to send mallsfiots to standard
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Powerful aids to produce tables with wide
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Search! with optional replace.
Comprehensive printer controls with control
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SupeM^
Features
Dictionary in excess of 30.000 words,
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User definable dictionary (capacity for
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Spelling checker verifies largest 'Superscript'
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Displays totals of words, different words and
unrecognized words.
Editing of unrecognized words In document
Includes options to accept, ignore, change
or add to user dictionary.
'Superscript' transforms your
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Alaska
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907 276 2986
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913 648 8086
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714 778 3007
Colorado
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
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913 648 8086
Connecticut
Mulli Business Computer Systems
Portland
203 342 2747
Delaware
Prolessional Micro Services
Baltimore
Maryland
301 325 5725
Florida
U. A. G.
Athens
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404 353 8090
Georgia
M.A. G.
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Idaho
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
Overland Park
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91 3 648 8086
Illinois
Cambridge Business Systems
Chicago
312 525 3900
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Srepco
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513 224 0871
Iowa
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Overland Park
Kansas
913 648 8086
Kansas
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
Overland Park
913 648 8086
Kentucky
Srepco
Dayton
Ohio
513 224 0871
Louisiana
Commonwealth Compulef Inc.
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913 648 8086
Maine
Best Business Equipment
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617 755 1077
Maryland
Professional Micro Services
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301 325 5725
Massachusetts
Best Business Equipment
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617 755 1077
Michigan
Newman Audio Video
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616 243 3300
Minnesota
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
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913 648 8086
Mississippi
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Missouri
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Montana
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913 6488066
Nebraska
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
Overland Park
Kansas
913 6488086
Nevada
Gerald Hasty & Co,
Las Vegas
702 737 5670
New Hampshire
Best Business Equipment
Worcester
Massachusetts
617 755 1077
New Jersey
Geneva Technology
Cranlord
201 276 1144
New Mexico
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
Overland Park
Kansas
913 648 8086
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Upstate Computer Shop
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3157688151
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914 343 4880
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Cranford
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North Carolina
M. A. G,
Athens
Georgia
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North Dakota
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
Overland Park
Kansas
913 648 8086
Ohio
Srepco
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Overland Park
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Pennsylvania (West)
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South Carolina
M. A. G,
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South Dakota
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
Overland Park
Kansas
913 648 8086
Tennessee
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
Overland Park
Kansas
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Texas
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
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913 648 8066
Utah
Gerald Hasty & Co.
Las Vegas
Nevada
702 737 5670
Vermont
Best Business Equipment
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Massachusetts
617 755 1077
Virginia
Professional Micro Services
Baltimore
Maryland
301 325 5725
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Computer Sales & Service
Moses Lake
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Washington D.C.
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Maryland
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Chicago
Illinois
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Wyoming
Commonwealth Computer Inc.
Overland Park
Kansas
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Canada
Canadian Micro Distributors
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416 878 7277
PET/CBM
Precision
Software
• windows and margins may be defined for
fj//PETs.
• use of all cursor and edit keys.
• all characters permitted, except the double
quote mark (the double quote mark is dis-
abled). The colon and comma are permitted.
• TAB function can be simulated without a
TAB key.
• blinking cursor (without footprints).
• normal or special use of every key.
Program 1: Kernel Of screen Editor
90 PRINT HOME?; : REM *HOHE?= CHR$(19)
100 P=PEEK(196)*256+PEEK(197)+POS(0) : IF PC
S(0)=HB THEN PRINT BELL$ ; : REM *B
ELL$=CHR$(7)
110 CH= PEEK(P) : K= 128
120 POKE P, CH+K: T= TIME+ 30
130 IP TIME> T THEN K= 128-K: GOTO 120
140 GET Z? : IF ZS= "" OR Z$= QT$ THEN 130
: REM *QT5= CHR$ (34)
200 POKE P, CH; PRINT Z$ ; ESC?; : GOTO 100
The Kernel Routine
Program 1 is the kernel of a screen editor. I use
this in any program that involves extensive input.
So far, that includes a text editor, a mailing list
program, an assembler-editor, and a sales account
program.
Lines
90 Puts cursor in top left cornur. Not mand.itory.
100 p is ttie location in screen RAM of the cursor. If the
cursor lias. idvanced to the margin minus 4 (mb),
then tlie bell rings.
110 ch is the screen character at location p.
120-130 The automatic cursor, once a second, alternates the
character iit the position it is over with the character
in reverse video. This can be done manually.
Adding 1 28 to the screen code results in the reverse
video character. The variable kchanges its value
every 30 jiffies (1/2 second) fromO to 128, providing
a simulatiim of the cursor. (It is assumed that there
are originally n<-> reverse videocharacters on the
screen. If there are, change line 1 10 to: ch =
peek(p): kc= 128:if ch> kcthen kc= -kc: k = 0, and
change line 130 to: if time> t then K= kc-k: goto 120.)
140 The wait loop illustrated above, with one dif-
ference: the double quote mark is disabled so that
later the program can take data off the screen using
the INPUT statement.
150 - 190 This is where all sorts of special work can be done.
200 Puts the characterinto its original video mode and
prints the new character. The program prints the
invisible cliaracter, escS, to avoid insert mode, and
(CBM 8000 only) to prevent the user from breaking
the window through successive HOME'S, for
Upgrade RO.M PETs, use POKE 205, 0. For Original
PETs, use POKE 234,0.
Some Applications
Here are four examples of how to use this control
of keyboard and screen. The line numbers given
replace or add to the lines in Program 1.
180 COMPUJE MovlflSS
1. To set a bottom margin and prevent scrol-
ling. When accepting lines by the screenful,
it is inconvenient to have hues scroll off the
top of the screen. It takes special program-
ming not to lose that data. To avoid that, I
allow the user to work on only what can fit
on the screen, and I do not permit any lines
to scroll up. Lines 200-210 work because a p
value greater than 34687 means that the cursor
is on the last line.
200 POKE P,CH: IF P>34687 THEN IF Z$=CRS 0
R Z5=CD? THEN 100 : REM 34687=327
68+80*24-1
210 PRINT Z$; ESC?; : GOTO 120
(cr$ = chr$(13) = car. return,
cdS = chrSd?) — cursor down)
This kind of bottom margin that prevents
scrolling is different from the CBM 8000 Set
Bottom command, which allows scrolling.
2. To set a top margin (must be used with
bottom margin to prevent scrolling). The PET
stores the row number (0-24) of the cursor at
meniory location 216. "tmargin" is the
number of the top row of the margin.
105 IF PEEK(216) < TMARGIN THEN PRINT : GO
TO 100
3. To set a left margin.
106 IF POS(0) < LMARGIN THEN TAB(LMARGIN -
1); : GOTO 100
4. To set a right margin.
115 IF POSC0) < RMARGIN then PRINT CHR?(15
7 ) ; : Z?= CR? : GOTO 200
(chrS(157) is cursor left.)
To develop special key functions, use IF state-
ments. For example, the backslash (\ ) key is sel-
dom used. It could be defined to print an often-
used phrase, such as the name of your company.
150 : IF Z?= "\" THEN Z?= "ACME SOFTWARE, ~
I^NC": GOTO 200
In this way the TAB kev for PETs can be simu-
lated. Here we will use the RVS key for a TAB
key. Tabs are at 5, 10, 20, and 30.
Given: dim lb(4>: lb(0) = 4: tb(l) = 9: tb(2) = 19:
lb(3) = 29:tb(4)=40
150 IF Z$<> CHR9(18) then 200
160 X= -1
170 X= X+l! IF POS(0)> TB(X) then 170
180 POKE P, CH: PRINT TAB(TB(X))f: GOTO 100
Adding Control And Function Keys
The most powerful use of this feature is the im-
plementation of two-kev sequences, with the first
key acting like a control or SHIFT key. If desired.
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Since September 1981 BATTERIES INCLUDED has been installing the ARBITER system in classrooms of Commodore BASIC 4.0
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SPECIAL COMMANDS
fii S - Allows students to protect files with a five character password. A three character user ID is forced into the file name.
Ill L- Allows the students to load protected files if the password code is known.
LISTC-Used to produce program listings with a Commodore pnnter. Clumsy OPEN. CMD. LIST. PRINT*'. CLOSE sequence not needed. It over-
comes the listing problems found on other multi-user hardware systems.
LISTP-Lsed to get program listings on systems which have an ASCII printer. The cursor control characters are expanded and displayed in brackets,
e.g. <hQme>
ALL FILE TYPES ARE SUPPORTED - During relative or sequential file access a delay has been built in so the computer will retain control ol the system
until the file is closed.
TEACHER UTILITY -A utility is supplied on disk to allow the teacher to produce a hardcopy listing and output from any of the protected or unprotected
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PROOFREADING
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^0^ SPECIAL
CBM 64
VERSION
spemWaster
May 1983 COMPVH! 181
every key can be given an additional meaning.
The CBM 8000 offers many special editing features
that do not correspond to a single key.
I designated one key, the backslash, as a con-
trol key. (This special key can be any one of your
choosing. The keys are all soft now. If you are
using Charles Brannon's Kevprint utility, change
the definition of B$ below.) Certain keys after a
backslash were given new functions. If the keys
are not preceded by a backslash, they operate
normally. The four special edit functions I im-
plemented are: delete line (\DEL), insert line {\
INST), erase end (\CRSR right), and erase begin
(\ CRSR left). Given: BS = " \ "
150 IF ZS <> B$ THEN 200
155 POKE P, CH+ 128: REM REVKRSB CHAR SO U
SER KNOWS PROGRAM WAITtNG FOR tlEX
T KEY
160 GET Z? : IF Z?= "" THEN 160
170 IF Z5= CHR?(148) THEN Z$= CHR5(149): G
OTO 200
175 IF Z?= CHR?C20) THEN Z5= CHR5(21): GOT
0 200
180 IF Z?= CHR5(29) then 2?= CHR5(22): GOT
0 200
185 IF Z?= CHR$(157) THEN ZS= CHRS{150); G
OTO 200
190 Z$= "" : REM INVALID KEY HIT; IGNORE B
ACKSLASH
Another use of this feature allows vou to
define the keys to have certain string values. In a
mailing list program, 1 allowed the user to define
up to four keys. The user (in my area) might define
them:
\in = "Mr. and Mrs. "
\d = "Dr. and Mrs. "
\p = "Philadelphia PA 191"
\n = "New York NY 100"
Both the keys used and the strings assigned are
changeable.
Accepting Data From The Screen
The PET has a feature that makes accepting a
screenful of data possible: an addressable
keyboard buffer. Here is how the screen can be ac-
cepted:
Given: dim a$(24)
Given: inS=chr$(148) H- ql$ + esc$ + chr$(157H-chrS
(148) + chr$(148)
chrS(148» is the insert key; chr$(157) is the cursor left.
(Due to the use of esc$, PET <4.0 may have to use a
POKE statement to gel out of quote mode.)
Importanl restriction: The maximum length of the
hne is three less than the screen width; for ex-
ample, 80 -3 = 77. This can be enforced by using
either a left or right margin (explained above).
Here's the program to accept the screen:
400 PRINT HOME?; HOME? : FOR 1=1 TO 10: GE
T Z?: NEXT I : REM EMPTY BUFFER
410 FOR 1= 0 TO 24
420 : POKE 623, 13: POKE 158, 1
430 : PRINT IN$; : INPUT A? ( I )
440 : NEXT I
The whole screen is now in aS array. One
other restriction: it is important that no key be
struck during the few seconds required to accept
the screen.
The screen is altered after in$ is printed. This
is not important if the next action, for example, is
to print the menu. If it is important, all traces can
be erased by printing deletes. But then only 24
lines at a time can be taken in: the top 24 for other
than CBM 8000, or the bottom 24 with CBM 8000
and the use of the scroll down command. This is
because a carriage return will be executed after
the last INPUT command. If the bottom screen
line is INPUT, then when the carriage return is
executed, the line will scroll up. I take only 24
lines at a time anyway, in order to use the top line
for instructions and messages.
Speed: The routine in Program 2 is very fast.
It will accept typing at the rate of 1 10 words a
minute. Three things are done to attain this speed.
All constants are replaced by variables. The vari-
ables used most often are the first defined. And
the routine is written into the first lines t)f the
program.
Program 2 is an example configuration for a
CBM 8000. Lines 100-220 are the GET routine.
Lines 300-420 are for the programmer to define
his special functions. After a double backslash
( \\), the data on the screen is accepted into aS
array in lines 500-660. The top line is used for
messages. A **\\ appears in the top right corner
when \\ is hit so that the user knows another
keystroke is needed. The text data is displayed in
screen pages of 24 lines each. The routine corrects
for the insertions and deletions of lines. The screen
will not scroll. Lines 1000-1100 define the variables
and constants (order is important). Lines 2000-
2200 are the beginning of a main program.
Since the strings in the a$ array may contain
commas and colons, the strings must be enclosed
in quotes to save on tape. Also the a$ array may
contain null strings. The PET cannot read a null
string from tape. Therefore, use the following for
reading and writing:
100 FOR 1= 0 TO LAST
110 PRINT#1, QT$; CHR${32); A5(l)r QT? ; C
R$; : NEXT I :REM ';CR?r' IS FOR
< 4.0 ONLY
200 FOR 1= 0 TO LAST
210 INPUTtl, Z$: A?(I)= HID?(Z$,2) : NEXT
I
( chr$(32) may be almost any character, since it is
discarded upon reading.)
Program 2: Example screen Input Routine
10 REM***** EXAMPLE SCREEN INPUT ROUTINE
182 COMWH! Mav1983
20 GOTO 1000
30 :
100 REM** GET ROUTIME
110 PRINT ESC$, HOME?; : DL= 0: IN= 0
120 P= PEEK(PH)*SB+ PEEK(PL)+ POS{0); IF P
OS(0)= MB THEN PRINT BELL$ r
130 CH= PEEK(P): KC= KD: K= KC: IF CH>= KC
THEN KC= -KC: K= 0
140 POKE P, CH+K: T= TIME+ THIRTY
150 IF TIME> T THEN K= KC-K: GOTO 143
160 GET Z$: IF Z?= "" OR Z$= QT$ THEN 150
170 IF Z5= as? THEN 300
180 : : :
190 : : :
200 POKE P, CH: IF P> LROW THEN IF Z$= CR?
OR 25= CD? THEN 120
210 PRINT Z$; ESC$ r : GOTO 120
2 20 :
300 REM** SPECIAL, FUNCTIONS
310 POKE V, 42: POKE V+1, 42: POKE V+3 ,
28 :REM DISPLAY ** \
320 POKE P, CH+KC: Z$= "" :REM INVERSE
CHARACTER
330 GET X5: IF X$= "" THEN 330
340 IF X?= "M" THEN Z5= "MR. AND MRS. ":
GOTO 400
350 IF XS= "P" THEN Z$= "PHILADELPHIA PA 1
91": GOTO 400
360 IF XS= CHR$(20) THEN Z5= CHR?(2l): DL=
DL+1: GOTO 400 :REM DELETE LINE
370 IF X;$<> CHRS(14a) THEN 400 : REM INSE
RT LINE
380 Z$= CHR$(149): IF DL= 0 THEN IK= IN+ ~
1 : GOTO 400
3 90 DL= DL- 1 :REM EXCESS DL'S SO ROOM
FOR INSERT
395 :
400 FOR 1= V TO V+3: POKE I, 32: NEXT I ~
:REM CLEAR ** \
410 IF X$<> BS$ THEN 200
420 :
500 REM** ACCEPT SCREEN
510 POKE P, CH: PRINT HOME? r HOME? : REM
BREAK WINDOW
520 REM* INSERT LINES IP NECESSARY
530 IF IN= 0 THEN 550
540 FOR 1= 24*10-IN TO PG+24-IN STEP -1: A
$(I+IN)= A?(I) : NEXT I
550 FOR 1= 0 TO 23 :REM ACCEPT SCREEN H
ERE
560 : POKE 623, 13: POKE 158, 1
570 : PRINT IN?r : INPUT A?(PG+l)
580 : PRINT DEL?
590 : NEXT I
595 PRINT HOME?; CHR?(153); : REM SCROLL
DOWN
600 REM* SQUEEZE TOGETHER IF NECESSARY
610 IF DL= 0 THEN 640
620 FOR 1= PG+24 TO 10*24: A?(l-DL)= A? ( I )
: NEXT :REM SHIFT LEFT
630 FOR 1= 10*24-DL TO 10*24: A?(l)= "": N
EXT :REM CLEAR DUP ' D LINES
640 RETURN
650 REM** END ROUTINE
660 :
1000 REM*** IMPORTANT CONSTANTS AND VARIAB
LES, IN ORDER
1010 Z?="": P=0: CH=0: K=0: T=0 : THIRTY= 30
: KC=0: KD= 128
1020 PH= 197: PL= 196: 88= 256: MB= 74
1030 QT?= CHR?(34): BS$= CHR$(92): ESC?= CH
R?(27)
1040 LROW= 32768+ 24*80 -1
1050 CR?= CHR?(13): CD?= CHR?(17): X?=""
1060 IN$= CHR?(148)+ QT?+ ESG$+ CHR?(157)+
CHR?(14B)+ CHR?(l4a)
1070 DEL?= CHR?(145)+ " "+ CHR9(20)+ CHR?
(20)+ CHR?(20)
1080 V= 32768+ 75: DIM A?(10*24) : REM 1
0 PAGES OF 24 LINES EACH
1090 HOME?= CHR? (19): CLS?= CHR? (147): CU
?= CHR? (145): LC?= CHR? (157)
1100 :
2000 REM**** MAIN PROGRAM
2010 PRINT HOME?; HOME?; CLS? : POKE 59468,
14 :REM SET TEXT MODE
2020 PRINT,, "SCREEN INPUT PROGRAM"
2030 PRINT,, " BY CRAIG DISSTON" : PRINT:
PRINT
2040 PRINT "ENTER THE PAGE NUMBER OF TEXT T
0 ENTER OR EDIT";
2050 PRINT " 0"; LC?; LC? ; LC? ; : INPUT P
AGE
2060 IF PAGE< 1 OR PAGE> 10 THEN 2040
2070 PRINT CLS?
2080 PG= (PAGE-1)*24 +1
2090 FOR 1= PG TO PG+ 22
2100 : PRINT A? (l)
2110 : NEXT I
2130 PRINT HOME?; "ENTER TEXT FOR PAGE"; PA
GE; LC?; ":"
2140 PRINT CHR? (15) :REM SET TOP MARGIN
2150 :
2 160 GOSUB 100
2170 :
2180 GOTO 2000
2190 REM***** "END PROGRAM." Q
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May 1983 COMPUTE! 183
VICSTATION:
A "Paperless Office"
Joel Peter Anderson
Don't neglect your VIC when you have paperwork to
do. With this program, you can create, review, and edit
text files - bringing you one step closer to a paperless
office. Along loith VICSTATION are two application
programs that can use the files created by VlC's Line/
Pro. Also, there are some ideas on using the VIC as a
smart terminal for telecommunications.
Why did you buy your VIC? Maybe you saw it as
a "smart" game machine, or perhaps as an educa-
tional tool - or you could have seen it as an inex-
pensive way to get into word processing. What-
ever the reason, you've no doubt learned that the
VIC can do quite a lot, probably more than you
ever expected!
I have a friend who owns a computer with
more memory than mine. He had bought a word
processing program to use on his system and was
describing how it worked.
"But you haven't got a printer," I pointed
out, "what good is a program like that?"
He explained that it was very good indeed.
Even if he had to type his final copy by hand, the
word processor could be used very effectively to
produce the rough draft.
That was something I had never thought of
before. I wasn't planning on expanding mv system
for a long time, but I had a good electric typewriter
-couldn't 1 come up with some way to have my
VIC work up the rough drafts? Besides that, maybe
some things could just as well be written and saved
as tape files.
I came up with the program presented here -
a line editor that can create, review, and edit text
files - a start on a "paperless" office. Along with
the editor, I've included two application programs
which can use the files created by VIC's Line/Pro.
Program 1 is all you need to get started.
184 COMPUIF! Mav19B3
RUNning the program will give you a display
LINE/PRO and a list of reserved words. These are
very important (more about these in a minute).
To begin using the editor, hit any key. The
screen will clear, and a green cursor will flash in
the upper left corner. Type a line, hit RETURN,
and the line will appear as blue text in the lower
portion of the screen about four lines down front
the top. As you continue to type, each line (up to
88 characters) will appear below the text already
entered. As you will see when you have more
than a screen of information, the entire -text en-
tered scrolls past after each line. If you want to
quickly review what you've written, press the
CTRL key to slow it down.
Two cautions; Input is through a special
INPUT# statement, so if you want to include
commas or colons, you have to enclose the entire
line in double quotes. And obviously you can't
use double quotes in your text. I usually use two
apostrophes.
The reserved words are invoked by entering
each word in lowercase alone, as input. If you
want to have that word as part of the text all by
itself, enter it as "read" (enclosed in double
quotes, with an extra space following). The pro-
gram will see it as five characters long and ignore
it. Any line beginning with a reserve word, such
as "reading is a pleasure," will not be picked up.
The same trick is used to indent text - " text"
indents the word "text" three spaces. The follow-
ing reserve words pass control temporarily to
special subroutines:
SAVE
This is used to put your current text onto tape. A
corresponding routine, BYBY, is always used
following one or more SAVEs. Although it is op-
tional, when SAVEing, a file name is requested
"■■<Qii]PU 5E[\i5Ei:/
VIC-20®
VIC-20* Personal Computer S169.9S
VIC-1515 Printer 334.95
VIC-1530 Datasetle 67.50
VIC-1541 OI$k Driwe 375.00
VIC- 1010 Enpansion Module 139.95
VIC- 1311 Joystick 9.95
VIC-1312 Game Patfdies 19.95
VIC-1600 Telephone Modem 99.95
VIC-1210 VIC 3K Memory Expander Cartridge 34.95
Plugs directly mio the ViC's expansion port Expands to BK RAM lotai
VtC-1110 VIC 8K Memory Expander Cartridge 52.50
8K RAM expansion can^iage plugs direciJy inio the VIC
CM101 VIC 16K Memory Expander Cartridge 99 95
CMt02 24K Memory Expander Cartridge 1 13.95
VIC'1011 A RS232C Terminal Interlace 39.95
Provides Lfiierface between the VJC-20 and RS?32 lelecommunicatians madems
Connects to \l\C'^ USfir pOrl
PETSPEED - Basic Compiler tor Commodore 130.00
Compile any Pet Basic progfam The only oplfmizinq compiler Programs compiled
wiih Peispeea run up lo -40 iimes lasiet Petspeto code ss gnlisiabie jna campiled
programs cannoi De lampeied with No security device required tor compiled pro-
gfjm-s AvJl^aDle NOW 'of ine Commodore 6A
Star Geminf 10 Printer Call tor price
Star Gemini 15 Printer Call tor price
SMO Monitor Call tor price
CARDBOARD 6 S37 95
An expansion interface for tiie VlC-20 Allows expansion to 40K or accepts up 10 ^i«
games May be daisy ctiamed lor rnote vecsatitiiy
CARDBOARD 3 S39 95
Economy expansion interface for the VIC-2C1
CARD '?" CARD/PRINT $79 95
Universal Centronics Parallel Printer interface 'or the VIG-20 or CBM 64 Use an
Epson MX-60or OKlDATAor TANDY or just about any other
CARDETTE £39.95
Use any standard cassette player/recorder witti your VIC-20 or CBM-64
LIGHT PEN S29.95
A light pen wilh six good progfams to use with your VIC-20 at CBM-64
HOME & BUSINESS PROGRAMS For VIC-20 & C-64
CW-107A Home Calculation Program Pack $48.95
CPV-31 Data Files - your storage is unlimited 14,95
CPV-96 Household Finance Package - to keep records ot all 30.95
your househottl expenses
CPV-208 Bar-Chart - display your numerical data 8.95
CH Turtle Graphics - team programming 34.95
CH VIC FOrlh - is a powerlul language lor BASIC programming 49.95
CH HES MON - IS a 6502 machine language monitor witn 34.95
a mini-assembler
CH HES Writer - time-saving wor<! processing tool 34.95
CH Encoder - keep your personal records away from prying eyes 34.95
CT-21 SlatiSliCS SadlStlCS - stalislical analysis 14.95
CT-121 Total Time Manager 2.0- creates personal or 15.95
business sctieduies
CT-124 Toll Lal>el - a mailing list and label program 13.95
CT-125 Tot! Text BASIC 15.95
CT-126 Research Assistant - keep track 01 reference data 17.50
CT-140 TotI Text Enhanced 29.95
GM-1S2 Grafix Designer- design graphic characters 12.95
CQ-5 Minimon - allows you to program, toad. save, or execute 13.95
machine language programs
CT-3 Order Tracker 15.95
CT-4 Business Inventory • to maintain record oi inventory 15.95
OS Home Inventory - lists your home belongings 17.95
CS Check Minder - |V-20 & 64) 14^95
keep your checkbook the right way
General Ledger - a complete general ledger 19.95
HES Writer - wora processor 39.95
Turtle Graphics M - unines the tuii graphics ot your 64 49,95
CS
CHC-504
CHC-503
CHC-502
CHP-102
CFC
CPV-327
HESMON - machine language monitor w mini-assembler 34.95
6S02 Professional Development System 29.95
Data Flies - a management program 27.95
HESCOM - transfers data and programs biljirection- 40.95
ally between VICs at three times the speed of a disk dnve
CPV-328 HESCOUNT- monitors program eieculion 19.95
CHV HESPLOT- Hi-res graphics subroutines 12.95
CPV-367 Conversions - figures, volume, length, weigh!, area, 7.95
and velocity to all possible contigurations
CC The Mail - your complete mail program Cassette 24.95
Disk 29.95
CPV-220 Client Tickler 16.95
CPV-221 Club Lister 13.95
CPV-224 Deprecialor 9.95
CPV-236 Investment Analyst - keep track 01 investments 12.95
and investment opportunitites
CPV-251 Present Value 10.95
CPV-269 Super Broker 12,95
CPV-270 Syndicator- calculates whether to buy or sell 13.95
CPV-274 Ticker Tape - maintains investments prolile 14.95
CPV-276 Un-Word Processor - screen editor 16.95
CPV-286 Phone Directory - never lose a phone number again 9,95
CS-111 Checkbook- home- oitiiiy' program 14,95
CPV-294 Calendar My Appointments - prmi a caier^oar 14.95
lor every month in any year
CPV-296 The Budgeter - place your personal finances in order 12.95
CSl
QUICK BROWN FOX
The Word Processor of this decade'
S60.50
VIC-1211A
COMMODORE SOFTWARE
ViC-20 Super Expander
S57.99
Everything Commodore could pack inTO one cartridge -3K RAM memory ekpansion
high resolution graphics plQlIing, color, paint and sound commands jraphjc te«t.
multicolor and music modes T02ilii1024 dot screen plotting All commands may be
typed as new BASIC commands cr accessed Dy hitting one of the yiCs special
lunction keys Includes tutorial instruction book Bxcellerl lor atl programming levels
\/IC-1212 Programmer's Aid Cartridge S45.99
kiore than 20 new BASIC commands help new and experienced programmers
renumber trace and edit BASIC programs Trace any program line-by-lme as it
executes, pause to edit special key command lets programmers redefine function
keys as BASIC commands subroutines or new commands
VIC-1213 VICMON Machine Language Monitor 548 99
Helps machine code progfammers write fast elticient 650? assembly language
pfograjns incJuOes one ime assembler disassembler
NEW GAMES FOR YOUR VIC-20®
CC58 ASlrObiltZ - Tmsgime IS challenging I ven to J S39.95
VIC- WASTE Ri Navigateyour ship carefully 10 avoid being mt by enemy lire
CC60 Terraguard - ^peediind careful skill will enable you to 39.95
once again oestioy 'he aliens loo siowii You're destroyed oy iheir beam
CC98 Serpentine - This game will lest your ratience 4 39.95
i-kili Object - 'o survive long enough -o lay eggs and raise your voung
CC500 Intruder-Scrambler- in vooroomber, .nvade the 19,95
defending scramble system dodging rockets lo blow up enemy posts etc
GC101 Chopllfter - 'lescue I hi! American hostages i return 39.95
:hem safely lo ihe 11 S You wilt encounter tanks, lels and killer satellites
CC102 Black Hole - Your mission IS, simply losurvivei Vour 39.95
■jhip must not re riii O'/ space objects oi tucked mio the Black Holei
CC104 Apple Panic - Speed is requiredi Oeslroy the 39,95
.'ipple n^onsters tiy digging holes m the brick floors tor ihem to tall into
CC65 video Mania - Introducing your enemies EVIL EYE, 39 95
WALWOKER, KILLERBOX Your only ctelense - throw your alien 2apperi
CSl Flags Ot Nations - A game that challenges players 10.95
lo Identity flags orvarious widely-known nations of the world
CS2 Flags of Nations - Second Edition - A field of 10,95
'iA Hags ot lesseir known nations ut ihe world
CS3 Cities and States - A game that draws a map of 10,95
a stale or stales and asks players lo name key cities m those states
CS4 Cllles Of the World- Deals with important 10,95
cities of nations throughout the world
CS5 Mountains and Rivers - Draws large geographical 10 95
area maps You identify major moiintam ranges, rivers & bodies of water
NEW GAMES FOR YOUR 0-64
Tank Arcade (Also tor VIC-20) - Pre-delermme haw many hits $13.95
it will lake lo wipe out your opponent Then, on with the battle' Battlelietd changes
Roadracer - Ctioose the type o! tracks a time or tap race Use 13.95
steady control ai speeds ol 50 to 2CX1 miles per hour Hit the wall & lose valuable time
Shootout at the OK Galaxy (Also for VIC-20) - so alien 19.95
warshipstta^^eeniiered your war zone Shields up'^ Energy level OK ''Defend yourself
Galaxy - Have you ever wanted lo conquer the universe'' Send 19,95
your galactic fleets oul to explore, solar system by solar system From 1 to 20 players
Bomber Attack - Ground to air warfare You re in corr^mand 14,95
ol a Supersonic bomber over enemy terrain Drop alt 25 bombs on hey locations
Midway Campaign - Your compuler controls a huge force of 19,95
Japanese ships trying to conquer Midway Island Your only advantage is surprise
Omleper River Line • a fjcttonai-ied engagement oetween Russian 25.00
& German f oices m 1943. Soviet forces, controlled by the computer, seek to overrun
your line and captui-e sufficient objectives to attain victory Four levels of diHicully
TanktiCS - Armorea comoai on the Eastern fj-orii of WWII You 24.50
start outnumbered 2 to 1 Dui you choose your tank types before the battle
Guns of Fort Defiance - you arc the commander of a 19th artillery 20.00
piece in n besieged fort Choose type of ammo Set the cannon's elevation. defiectJ on
Computer Baseball Strategy - you. the manager of the 1 5.95
home team, test you skill agamsta wily and unpredictable opponent, your computer
Lords of Karma - Like an mtngumg puzzle' Deciptter secrets 20.00
whii^e exploring a myinrcai. magical city & countryside Avotd the lurking monsters!
North Alianlic Convoy Raider - it's the Bisrriarck convoy 19.95
raid of t9iT The computer controls Ihe British ships Will you change history''
Planet Miners - Compete agamst others and the computer lo 1 9.95
stake valuable mmmg claims throughout ihe solar system m me year 2050
Conflict 2500 - in 2^00 ad, eartn is threatened by attacking 19.95
aliens witrt an^ntmiie* of attack strategies with which to tease the defending player
Nukewar - Nuclear confroniation between two hypothetical 19.95
counines Defend your country with espionage, bombers, missiles, submartnes. etc
Computer Acquire - New Second Edition' The object is to 2000
become the wealthiest person in t his bus mess" game -hotel acquisitions & mergers
Andromeda Conquest - Vas; scale space strategy game of 19.95
galactic coiom^mg and conquest Strange life lorrris & atiien technologies - exciting'
Telengard - Microcomputer Durigeon Adweniufe game Time 25.00
Isntasy and role-playmg 50 levels ol ever-more complex mazes lo explore & survive'
MORE — MORE — MORE
Prices subject to change.
TO ORDER:
P 0 Box 1B765
Wtchita. KS6721B
( 3 W) 263-1095
Personaf checks accepted (Allow 3 weeks)
or C. O. D. (Add $2) Handling charges S2.00
VlC-20* IS a registered trademark of Commodore
WRITE
FOR
FREE
RR
CATALOG
and prompts are printed for the datasette. In a
series of SAVEs, the file name is only requested
the first time - when opening the file. When the
text is saved, control returns to the main program,
but now, there is no text in memory. If you don't
want to add any more to the text file, type "byby".
This closes the file and ends the program.
If, on the other hand, you want to create a
longer file, and there is no limit to the length of a
tape file other than the length of the tape itself,
then go back to entering text, editing it, and typing
"save" again, as many times as you like. You very
likely will wind up with a file longer than this
program can handle - but more about that later.
Important note: the closing subroutine
"byby" prints the character "£" as an end-of-file
marker, so you can't use that in your text. If you
can't live without that character, change lines 310
and 670 to use some other odd character. You'll
also have to change the application programs
because they expect the character "£" to end text
files.
EDIT
The edit routine allows you to move line-by-line
through your text - a handy way to review what
you have written. You can page through a text as
much as you want, and you can also change, in-
sert, and delete anything on any line. This also
uses an INPUT# statement, so the same caution
as above applies. When you hit a line that needs
changes, press F7 and change the line however
you like as long as it doesn't become longer than
88 characters. To get quickly to something at the
end of a text, page backwards past the beginning
and you will be at the end of the text (sorry, this
doesn't work going forward - getting to the end
exits the "edit" routine).
READ
This slowly displays the entire text in memory.
To pause after any line, just hit the space bar; to
resume, press it again. At the end of the text, the
program will wait for you to hit the space bar to
return to the main program.
TAPE
"What do I do with these tape files?" you may
wonder. Well, by typing in "tape" you can reenter
them into the program ~ for review, editing, to
graft them onto another file - anything you want
to do as long as you don't exceed the 50-line limit.
Also, you cannot use it once SAVE has been
invoked.
By the way, if vou ever do get kicked out of
the program, type "GOTOUO" to return to the
main program.
BYTE
This last reserved word gives you a quick report
of what line you're on and how many characters
186 COMPUTE! May19S3
remam m memory.
FILE READER
Program 2 is what you do when your files get too
long for memory. The file reader will display a
tape file on the screen, and pause for any key-
strokes, except for Fl, which ends the program.
When the end of a file is reached, the program
goes into an infinite loop which ends either:
• when you press Fl to terminate the ses-
sion or
• when you press F3 to search for the next
file on the tape.
DUMBTERM
Program 3 is a modification of a program that
appeared in the August 1982 issue of COMPUTE!,
"VIC Communications: The RS-232 Interface."
What I have done is add several features to
smarten up this "dumb terminal."
I noticed that several programs I used for
terminals had features where special messages
(passwords, i.d.'s, etc.) were often just printed
directly to the RS-232 Interface without any trans-
lation. As an experiment, I tried doing that with
an INPUT# statement. What I got was a simple
way to have a screen editor built into vour termi-
nal. To use this, hit F3 - a red ? will appear, and
the cursor will turn red. As long as you don't care
about upper- or lowercase, this will give you the
ability to move the cursor back within the text on
your screen, modify it, and then send it back over
the terminal.
I have found this very handy for editing pro-
grams. The host computers I use support a line-
based text editor. Often I use the editor to first
delete the line I'm changing (it prints it out for
verification) and then modify it and send it back
using the screen editor. Be careful to enclose any-
thing using commas or colons within double
quotes.
The escape key (Fl) is simply a way to exit a
line being entered. The control "c" (F7) is included
because the host computers I use have that as an
exit character in various programs. You can change
it to whatever character your local mainframes
require. Simply change the CHR$(3) in line 2000
to CHR$(1) for "a" and so on.
Finally, the "tape file" command (F2) will
take any tape file and send it over the terminal.
Like the screen editor, this command doesn't
translate; it just sends the characters over, so forget
upper- and lowercase. I know from experience
that this only works well when you are using some
sort of text mode during which all text received is
appended to a current file. Also it is necessary to
instruct the host computer to go to half mode -
the program prints the text file on the screen
during transmission.
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VL 102 Introdution
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Kids S The VIC 17 95
Cloud Bursl-C
26 95
Satellites & Meteorites-C
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34 95
Video Vermin-C
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VIC 1530 Dataselie 60,00
VIC 1541 DiskDriue Call
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Primer 324 00
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Midnight Dnve 23.95
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Big Speed Math 23.95
Home Babysiller 23-95
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Personal Finance 28,95
Toolh Invaders 23-95
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Sidewinder 20.95
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Sidersol Mars-C 34.95
Meteor Run-C 34.95
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Sky Main-T 12.95
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Super Hangman-T 15.95
Alien-T IB. 95
3-D Maze-T 12.95
Kosmic Kamikare-T 18.95
Sub Chase-T 1 895
Amok-C 28.95
Alien Blitz 28.95
Henaissance-C 3d. 95
800-558-0003
VlCTrek-T 14.95
Simon-T 12 95
Fuel Pirates-T - 12.95
Concenlration-T 12 95
Torg-T 14 95
Raid on Islam.T-- tB-95
HESGames-T 16,95
VIC Forth-C 45.95
Hesmon-C 28 95
Tunie Qraphies-C 28,95
Heswnter-C 28.95
Aggressor-C 28.95
Synthesound-C 48 95
Shamos-C 28 95
Protectoi-C 32 95
Robot Pan)C-C ,,. 28 95
Grid Hunnef-C 28,95
MISCELLANEOUS
Martian Raider-D
15-95
Shark Trap-D
15 95
Multi-Sound
Synthesizer-D
15 95
Resuce at Rigel-T
21.95
,., 15.95
Sword ol Fargol-T
21,95
Monster Maje-C
2695
Demon Attack-C
.28.95
River flescue-C
- - 29.95
VIC Music Composer-C -
29.95
Crossfire-T
.2!. 95
Turmotl-C
29 95
Deadly Duck-C
2995
In Wisconsin Call:
414/351-2007
Surchiarge for Credit Cards
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ORDERING INFORMATION
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Sat
12-9PM
1 2-5 PM
(CST)
(CST)
To order by mail, send money
order, certified check, or person-
al check (allow 1 4 days to clear)
to COMPUTABILITY. Ini;lude
$2,00 shipping on all software
orders. Include 3% shipping on
all hardware orders, minimum
S2.S0, Mastercard and Visa
please include card number and
expiration dale Wl residents
please add 5% sales lax. Out-
side of Continental USA. please
add 15^ shipping, minimum
S5.00 (US Funds onlyl. Prices
subject to change without notice.
COMPUTABILITY
P.O. Box 17882
Milwaukee. Wl 53217
COMPUTER
5W*lWiV,
ASSOCIATES
-^:
"Sensationol!"
"Magniiicetit!"
"Unbelievable!"
PractiCalc
A comporcttive _
newcomer to the software market, PractiCalc has al-
ready elicited an overwhelming response. With
PioctiCalc, features that were once only associated
vrith much larger computers ore now available on the
VIC-20 (with 16K Ram) and 64. PractiC ale's simple
screen format allows easy entry and viewing of data,
and its numerous mathematical functions allow for
efficient solutions to the most advixaced user problems.
Easy to operate, PractiCak offers an affordable alter-
native to large costly home computers.
^'-^J
• Over 20 Mathematical
Functions
• Alpha/Numeric Sorting
• Saves & Stores Spreadsheet
• Available in both disc &
cassette versions
$39.95
Order direct by colling 1-800-343-1078
Computer Software Associates products come
from around the world and are priced for exceptional
value. We offer a complete selection of software to meet
your most demanding needs. Ask your local retailer for a
catalog of over sixty programs or write us directly for
more information.
CSA is searching lor programmers %vho are
creating software ior Commodore (ind Timex. We oifei
' '-wide distribution netwotk as well as generous
royames. Contact us in care of the address below.
Micro Software International, Inc. is the exclusive %vor Id-
wide distributor of CSA products.
Micro Software International, Inc.
50 Teed Drive
Randolph, MA 02368
Abbots Mead, Framsden Road
Pettaugh, Stowmarket, IP 14 6DU
Suffolk, England
DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME
Half Mode
There is another reason for that last instruction.
It's the reason this trick can work at all.
To quote Butterfield and Law, in the article
mentioned above, "You can't use the... cassette
tape while the RS-232 is in gear." You shouldn't
be able to send text via the modem from the cas-
sette. I tried it and you can't - unless you tell the
host computer to stop echoing your message. If
you do that, your text will go over intact with
perhaps a few glitches (it pays to check it).
This feature has been very handy. When I
am paying for my computer time, or doing school-
work within a limited amount of computer time, I
find it helps to begin writing a program on my
home computer and then send it to the mainframe
for editing and implementation. Also, the main-
frames I use support a type of word processing.
This means that a text created and edited with
Line/Pro can be formatted and printed (on a
printing terminal) in a nice final copy.
The effectiveness of this may vary on systems
other than the CDC Cyber I am familiar with. I
think, though, that you will find this a simple but
effective way to use your VIC to do some powerful
things.
Note: The character which appears as a backslash (\)
in Programs 1-3 should be typed as the British pound
symbol (£) on the VIC keyboard.
Program 1: Line Editor
{rev]line/pro"
right}this line-pro
OF
10 PRINT" [clear]
20 PRINT" {02 down) {02
CESSOR"
30 PRINT"WILL EDIT AND SAVE A SERIES
LINES (NO LIMIT, HOWEVER ONLY ~
50 ";
taken at a time) . "
right}save{04 right)re
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
print"lines are
print" {down} [02
AD"
PRINT" [down] [02
PE"
PRINT" [down) [02
PRINT" (down) {02
right]edit{04 right}ta
RIGHT iBYBY"
rightIbyte"
GETA?:IFA?=""THEN90
DIMW? (50)
PRINT" {clear! ";CHR5 (14)
FORX=1TO104:B$=B$+" ":NEXTX
OPEN1,0,0
PRINT" {home] "; CHR? (30) ; B$ ; " {HOME J ";
INPUT#1,A5
160 PRINT" [BLU]"; : IFLENCa? )=0THEN140
170 IFLEN(A?)=4THENGOSUB230
180 IFLEN(A?)=0THEN140
190 W$(l)=A$:PRINT"{02 DOWN) "
200 PRINT" {clear} ";B?:FORX=0TOL:PRINTW$(X)
: NEXTX
L=L+1 :GOTO140
REM CONTROL ROUTINE
IFA$="EDIT"THENA$=" " : GOSUB490
IFA$= "SAVE"THENA?= " " : GOSUB420
IFA$="BYTE"THENA$="":GOSUB720
IFA?="BYBY"THENA?="":GOSUB300
IFA$="READ"THENA$="":GOSUB330
210
220
230
240
2 50
260
270
POKE36S79, 110;
PRINT
FOR
THENGO
: RETURN
W$(G
PAG
280 IFA$="TAPE"THENA?="":GOSUB640
290 PRINT" {clear} "; :RETURN
300 remend of file
310 PRINT#2,"{F1]\\\\"
3 20 CLOSE2;END
330 REM FILE REVIEW
340 PRINT" [clear! EGRN]
G=0TOL-1:FORX=1TOLEN(W5 (G)
MID?(W$ (G),X,1); :NEXTX
350 FOR D=1TO300:NEXT:GETR$ :IFR$="
SUB390
360 PRINT :NEXTG
370 GETR$:IFR$="" THEN 370
380 POKE36879,27:PRINT" [clear!
3 90 FORXX=1TO10:GETR?:NEXTXX
400 GETR?:IF R?=""THEN400
410 RETURN
420 IFFL$="OPEN"THEN450
430 FL$="OPEN": INPUT"TITLE";T?
440 0PEN2, 1,1, T$
450 FORG=0TOL-1
460 PRINT#2,W$Cg):W?(g)=""
470 NEXTG:L=0
480 RETURN
490 REM EDIT ROUTINE
500 INPUT"CLEAR IT ALL";R$
510 IF LEFT?(R$, 1)="Y"THENFORG=0TOL+1:
) = " " : NEXT : L=0 : RETO RN
520 PRINT" {clear} {04 DOWN] {rEV}f5 [OFF!
E FORWARD {down! ": PRINT" [REV!f3[0F
off] PAGE BACKWARD[DOWn} ":PRINT"{
rev}f7[off} input NEW line[down)"
5 30 FORG=1TO1000:WEXTG: PRINT" {clear} "
540 FORG=0TOL-1
550 print" [home] ";CHR?(30);3$; "{hOME} "j
560 PRINTW$ (G) ; " [home} ";
570 GETRS:IFR5<> "{f7} "ANDR5<> "[F5} "ANDR$ <>
"{F3}"THEN570
580 IFR$="[F3} "ANDG=0THENG=L-1:GOTO550
5 90 IFR$= " [ F3 } "ANDG < > 0THENG=G-1 : GOTO550
600 IFR$="[F5}"THEN620
610 INPUT#1,W$ (g)
6 20 NEXTG
6 30 RETURN
640 REM TAPE INPUT
6 50 INPUT" [clear] FILENAME" ; F$ : 0PEN2 , 1 , 0 , F$
:PRINT"FILE OPEN, BOSS"
660 FORX=LTO50
670 GET#2,L$:IFL$="\"THEN L=X:PRINT"{
clear] " : CLOSE2 : RETURN
6 80 IF L$=CHR?U3)THENNEXTX
690 IFX>50THENCLOSE2:L=X: RETURN
700 W?(X)=W$(X)+L$
710 GOTO670
7 20 REM BYTES FREE
730 PRINT" [clear] {02 DOWN} [02 RIGHT] {DOWN!
BYTES FREE"
740 PRINT"{04 RIGHT] {down] ";FRE(X):PRINT"{
down] [rev]line":L
750 FORG=1TO1500 -.NEXTG: PRINT" {clear} "r
7 60 RETURN
770 END
Program 2: File Reader
20 REM VIC STATION - FILE READER
30 PRINT"[CLEAR} "?CHR5(14)
40 PRINT" {clear} {02 DOWN) [REV] [GRN] FI
LE@READER {blU}[OFF]"
50 PRINT"[03 DOWN]tHIS FILE READER WILL 0
PEN A FILE ON TAPE"
lea COMPUTI! May 1983
COMMODORE
SUPPORT HOUSE
ONE STOP CENTER
for
C^ commodore
DES-VILLE SOFTWARE
division otDES Data Equipment Supplf Corp.
BONZO (c) by Kavan
HOPPER
LASER COMMAND
m
ASTRO-MINERS
One of the most popular games in
Europe. You control Bonzo as tie
climbs the ladders and picks up
point blocks. Watch out tor the
alien guards. Excellent graphics
& sound. 100% mactiine code.
Joystick or keyboard. 11K+.
S20.00
Rated a five star game by
Creative Computing. Avoid the
cars, buildings, logs and other
obstacles to bring the frog home,
fulachine language. Joystick. 5K.
$20.00
You are the commander of a
squadron of laser ships. It is your
duly to defend the cities of earth
against incoming aiien attack.
Spectacular graphics and
machine code for super last ar-
cade fun. Joystick. 5K.
$20.00
Pilot your craft to scoop up
asteroids and fill your craft wilfi
ore. Be careful of oversized or
fast moving asteroids, they can
destroy you. Don't take too long
or you will run out of fuel. Get
enough ore for another trip. Hi-
res graphics & sound. Joystick &
keyboard. 11K-r
$i7.n)
Lunar Command $16.00
Descend in your lunar module. Rescue
the astronauts on tJie surface. Walch
out lor meteors racing across the sky,
and bad terrain. Smooth graptlics.
Joystick or keyboard. 5K.
Snackin $20.00
Very last. Hi-res graphics & sound.
Four dilferenl mazes. Joystick or
keyboard. 11K+
Star Dstandar $20.00
Very last, Hi-res graphics & sound. Can
you save your citizens from the aliens ?
Joystick. 11K+.
Slack Cattle $20.00
Adventure ! Travel the countryside. You
quest for magic rings that will open the
doors to tho Black Castte. 1 -9 players.
aK + .
Boas (c) by Kavan $39.95
Best computer chess on the market. 10
levels, 2 clocks. Hi-res graphics. 100%
machine code. 11K+.
Pit (c) by Kavan $1S.ao
Bonzo iS back again as he taites money
out 01 ttie pit. Hi-res graphics i sound,
100% machine code. Joystick or
keyboard. 5K.
Blockade by (c) Kavan $18.00
Alien ships are attacking your ship.
Destroy them with your laser blaster.
Machine code. Keyboard. 5K.
Vic Yahtzee S12.00
Solitaire version of famous dice game.
Requires skill & slrategy. 5K-
3-D Labyrinth $1Z00
Escape from the labyrinth shown in 3-D
perspective. Keyboard. 5K.
Race acroft* the tJ.S.A. $15.00
Text racing adventure! Can you get
across the U.S.A. 7 Keyboard. 8K+,
Program Pack I $20.00
Sub Killer - sink subs with depth
charges.
Alien Attack - breakout and destroy the
city.
Bombardier - leve[ a city with bombs
from your plane.
Mix-a-word - guess the mixed up
words.
Program Pack 11 $20.00
Frustration - guess the shapes & se-
quences.
Fortune teller - ask the Vic questions.
Code Practice - practice your Morse
code.
Old English character set - use in your
programs.
Star Command $1B,00
by Martian Software
Fast action 3-0. Shoot alien ships oul of
the sky. Joystick. 5K.
PAL ' Programmers Aids and Logs
Contalna tiie following;
• Border & Screen Full-Color Combinatin
Rainbow
• EZ-Key Quick guide to all keys and
characters
• EZ-Nole Sound music chart and
worksheets
• BASiC'ly EZ condensed basic dictionary
• Create-a-Character programmable
characters worksheets
• EZ Screen tearout screen layout and
design forms
• EZ Graph graphics programming aid
• Doc-U-Ment program flow charting
worksheets
• EZ Flow program flow charting
worksheets
• Software Listing lo^ sheets
• Tape Caaaette log book
• BASIC-AIO quick reference card
• FUNCTION-AID function key templates
COMMODORE 64 SOFTWARE
64 YAHTZEE - cassette S20.00
Computerizeid version of the famous dice
game. Up to 10 players may play a1 one
time. Keeps track of all players and high
score. Uses sprites & sound.
64 KENO - cassette $16.00
3 versions of Keno In this game.
Complete with odds chart. Very good,
loads of fun.
64 BLACKJACK - cassette $18.00
Play blackjack with the 64. Las Vegas
rules of play. One player. Souncf &
graphics.
64 FINANCE -cassette $20.00
Enter the exciting world of finance. Btiy
and sell slocks on the market, view
prospectt/s'. Menu driven. Excellent
stock simulation game. Try your skill at
64 Finance,
64 CHECKBOOK MANAGER
disk $40.00
cassette S35.00
A checkbook journal simple enough for
the home user and large enough for
business. With a capacity of 400 checks,
200 deposits and 100 account charges
available In a single file, 64 Checkbook
(vlanager can handle even the most ac-
tive of accounts. With built-in security,
unauthorized information cannot be ob-
tained without the correct password, an
added plus for large businesses. This is
the program that makes your 64 work for
you.
64 COMPILER (c) by Kavan $100.00
64 MAILING LIST • disk $35.00
cassette $30.00
A complete mailing list for the Com-
modore 64. It has full sort capabilities.
Print or review an individual entry, a
sorted version of the file or the entire file.
Full editing on screen for adding,
deleting, or correcting addresses. Holds
250 names and addresses per file.
64 DISK CLONE -disk $15.00
Will backup an entire disk in one pass -
programs, files, el. al. Requires two 1541
disk drives set as devices 8 & 9.
64 MIND BOGQLER- cassette $15.00
This a frustrating game. Guess the
numbers and the sequence they are in.
How many guesses will you take ? Good
screen display.
Dealers Welcome - Call for Dealer Pack Authors Wanted - Call for information
VIC", VIC-SO". and Commodore 64"" are trademarks of Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
(714)
778-5455
Data Equipment Supply Corp. (213)
8315 Firestone Blvd., Downey, CA 90241 923-9361
60 PRINT"AND DISPLAY ITS CON- TENTS. PAU
SING FOR KEYSTROKES,"
70 PRINT" {down} {REVIfiEOFF] ENDS CURRENT "
FILE": PRINT" {down} (rEV}F3{0FF} BE
GINS NEXT FILE"
80 OPENl, 1,0
90 PRINT" (CLEARIfILE OPEN"
100 GET#1,W5:IFW$="\"THEN170
110 PRINTW$;
120 GETA9:IFA$=""THEN160
130 GETA$ :IFA5<>""THEN130
140 GETA?:IFA$=""THEN140
150 IFA$="{Fli "THEN 170
160 GOTO100
170 PRINT" {REvIeND OF FILE"
180 CLOSEl
190 GETA?:IFA$="tFl}"THEN END
200 IFA?="{F3)"THEN 80
210 GOTO190
Program 3: Dumbterm Modification
0 REM MODIFICATION OF COMPUTEl PR0GRAM(
8/82)DUMBTERM
1 PRINT" [clear] "
2 PRINT" {02 down} (rev) DUMBTERM
": PRINT" {down} {rIGHT) {rEV}f11
off} escape line" : PRINT" { down) {
right) {rev}f2[off} open tape file
3 PRINT" {down} {right] (rEV}f3 [off) SCREEN
editor": PRINT" {D0Wn3 {rIGHT} {REV}
F7{0FF) CTRL "C "
4 PRINT" {04 down) {rev} (yEL) PRESS SPA
CE BAR TO BEGIN {
BLU} "
5 GETA$:IF A?="" then 5
6 PRINT" {clear} "r
10 OPEN1,2,3,CHR?(3B)+CHR?(160)
20 GETA$: if A5=""THEN60
21 IF A?="{F3 )"THEN GOSUB1000
22 IF A5="{F1}"THEN PRINT#1,CHR$(27)
23 IF A$="{F7}"THEN GOSUB2000
24 IF AS="Ef2}"THEN GOSUB3000
30 IFA?=CHR${147)THEN90:REM CLEAR HOME QU
ITS
40 A=ASC(a5) and 127: IF A=20 THEN PRINT*
1,CHR5(3); :GOTO60
50 IF A>31 OR A=13 THEN PRINT#1, CHR$(a);
60 GET#1,A$;IFA$=""THEN 20
70 A=ASCCA$)AND12 7 : IF A=a THEN PRINTCHR
? (20); :GOTO20
80 IF A>31 OR A=13 THEN PRINT CHR$(A)r
85 GOTO20
90 CLOSEliEND
1000 INPUT" {red} "fQ$:PRINT#l,Q$:PRINT"{BLU)
" ; : RETURN
2000 PRINT# 1,CHR$( 3 );: RETURN
3000 INPUT" {red} FILE NAME?";FM?
3010 0PEN2, 1,0, FM$
3020 op5=""
3025 FOR X=1TO100:NEXT
3030 GET#2,E?:IF E$="\" THEN 3100
3040 IF E$=CHR$(13)THEN PRINT#1 , OP? : PRINTOP
$:GOTO3020
3050 OP?=OP$+E?:GOTO3025
3100 CL0SE2:PRINT" {blu} "r :RETURN ©
VIC-20'
COMMODORE
TREK' $12,95
The classic game that has
fascinatod ntimputerLsl.s for
over a deuatli;. Ctinimand.
iiig the bridge of your star-
ship, you oxplore the galaxy,
fending off the Klingon in-
vasion with your phasers
and photon torpedous, at the
same lime conserving your
limited lime and energy. A
real bargain at $12.95.
LUDWIG'S
LEMON L.ASERS $14.95
'I'ou'd niner think blasting
lemons out of the sky could
he so much fun! I''asl ma-
r.liinn i;Mde action. CJne or
hvo playi'rs. Written by the
demented duclor who gave
us "Hospital Adventure".
COSMIC DEBRIS S14.95
This liighly addictive ar-
cade ty[)e name will keej) you
batllinfi the aliens for days.
•ONLY ADVENTURES ARE
AVAILABLE FOR THE
COMMODORE S4
COMMODORE
64®*
ADVENTURES*
'I'he busi adventures at the
best prices! Controlled from
the keyboard.
GRAVE ROBBERS' $14.95
Inlrnducing the hrstCKAPHiC
ADVKNTUKE ever availal]le
on till! VIC:-20! li.xplorean old
deserted graveyard. Actually
see the perils that lie beyond.
ADVENTURE PACK I'
(3 Programs) $14.95
MOON BASE ALPHA-
Destroy the meteor that is rao
ing towards your base.
computer' ADVENTURE-
Re-live the excitement of get-
ling your first computer.
BIG BAD WOLK— Don't let
the wolf gobble you up.
ADVENTURE PACK II'
(3 Programs] $14.95
AFRICAN e.SCAl'E— Find
your way off the continent
after surviving a plane crash,
HOKPITAI. ADVENTURE—
Written by a medical doctor.
Don't check iidu Ibis hospital!
BOMnTHREAT.-Getbackto
town in time lu warn the
bomb squad of the bomb.
ANNIHILATOR S19.95
Protect your planet against
hostile aliens in this
defender-like gante. All
njacbitie code for fast ar-
cade action, |oy stick
required.
KONGO KONG $19.95
Climb ladders: avoid bar-els
Ihe cra/.y ape is rolling at
you. Rescue the riainsel. Par-
tially inacbini! code for
smooth, fast action. Key-
board or joystick.
Send for free calBlog
All ijrograms fit in thii standard
VII' niemory. and cume on
caissette tapit.
Drduring— Pltjasu add St. 50
poslatie & handling per (irder.
KA residents add 6% sales lax.
Foreign orders musl tie drawn
in U.S. funds or usy
credit card.
Credil card usur$— irudude
number and expiralion dale.
VICTORY SOFTWARE CORP.
7 VALLEY BROOK ROAD
PAOLI, PA 19301
(215) 296-3787
ATTENTION
VIC 20/TI-994/A
USERS
NEED A PROGRAM?
HAVING TROUBLE WITH ONE?
DONTKNOWHOWTO
TRANSLATE YOUR IDEA?
WE CAN HELP
Send us a description of
the program you want. We
will send you more in-
formation and the cost for
us to create your program.
Starting at g24.95
DYTEK
P. O, Box 241
Pinellas Park, FL 33565
PH : 393-3597
We also buy programs.
SEND NAME AND PHONE NO.
1P0 COMPUTI! Ma^nSS
THE VIC-20 40/80 VIDEO CARTRIDGES
Quantum Data, Inc. (QDI) produces two (2) 40/80 Video Cartridges, the Video Combo Cartridge
with I6K basic user memory, and the Video Cartridge which does not contain memory.
The Video Combo Cartridge and Video Cartridge is the means to upgrade the VlC-20 computer to a
40 X 24 or an 80 x 24 character display which provides a wealth of new uses for the VIC-20.
The 40 character mode may be easily viewed on most standard W, sets but a monitor is required for
the 80 column mode to provide the necessary additional resolution.
VIDEO COMBO
VIDEO CARTRIDGE
%S^9:95^ $259.95
$Zt9:9S $ 1 59.95
Call (714) 966-6553 to place your order today!
Ask for other discounted VIC-20 peripherals!
jlOUANTUM
DATA. INC.
14252 Culver Dr., Suite A, #285, Irvine, CA 92714 • (714) 553-1945
Offer limited to End Users only if purchased directly from QDI.
Visa or Mastercard accepted. Above prices retail In U.S. dollars. Shipping and handling not Included.
VIC-ZO is A rrademark of CarrcnotJorc 8uslnei5 Machines.
"""'tO/DPU 5Ef\J$Ei:.''
QUICK BROWN FOX S60.9S
The s1 word processor'
GENERAL LEDGER $19.95
(VIC-ZO)
CHECK MINDER
VIC-20 $19.95 c-64 $24.95
HOME INVENTORY $19.95
(VIC-201
CENTIPOD S27.95
Like Ceniiped. only beuer"
FROGEE $27.95
The excitmg arcade game of F'ogger
MOTOR MOUSE $29.95
WhfiT a cheese'ee game-i
CRIBBAGE
vic-so $14.95 c-6a $17.95
Thrs IS The game of Cribbage
STAR TREK
VIC-ZO $12.95 c-64 $17.95
Excellent advenlure g.impi
MASTER MIND
VIC-20 SI 2.95 c-64 $19.95
Makes you Ihink
ROACH MOTEL $9.95
Kill the bugs'
YAHTZEE1.1 $12.95
YAHTZEE2.1 $14.95
TO ORDEfl
P O BOX 18765
WICHITA. KS 67218
(316) 263-1095
Pe/sonal checks accepted
EAHow 3 weeks) or
COD (Add %2 00)
Handling charges S2 00
VIC-20" IS a registered trademark ol CommodorG
<^
commodore VIC-20 '^ Computer
CENTRONICS PARALLEL INTERFACE
allows use of Con^rrrotjore Graphics S99.95
Expand your vie to full limit
3 slol $39.95
piovK^ioris loi SAiiches in tjoaid
with switches S45.95
CHARACTER BUILDER -
UTILITY AID
will save and inad trom disk or tape
design your own CUSTOM CHARACTERS
use wiiri any rtremary
configuration
RS-232 bi-cJirectional
INCLUDES SECOND
JOV STICK PORT
•NEW SECOND JOY
STICK PORT
$25.00
$40.00
$20.00
VIC-20 to EEE-488 Interface
allows VIC lo use PET CBM Peripheral
$79.95
ROM EXPANSION
BOARD
pul yOLjr own programs on 2K or
4K EPROMS
we car^ put your program in ROM-
call lor info
BK RAM BOARD
can ae daisy chained
to lour
4K RAM BOARD
VIC DUST COVER
pralect your VIC
$19.50
$49.95
S39.95
S12.95
NEW CARTRIDGE VIDEO GAMES FROM MACHINE
LANGUAGE, INC — SUPER FAST"C0L0RFUL
AVAILABLE THRU OEM. INC $25.00
TWO PLAYER GAMES - FOR VIC 20 " AND COMMODORE 64 "
CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE WORST KIND • BLACK JACK
ACID RAIN • BLOCK BUSTER • DOT GOBBLER • FROGMAN
SPIN TOIDS • CHES
*e need good new rnactime language garnes - royalty paid
CALL FOR DETAILS
Comp)eie/y Tesiett. 100% GuaraniaBd
order from OEM Inc
Dealer inquiries invited 2729 South U S t Suite 1 2
TO ORDER CALL - 305-465-9363 Ft Pierce. Florida 33450
I'l-'sonji crieos acct'trej ji ca :Tie 10 clear - aoo S2 lor snipping
May WBJ COMPUTi! 191
Screen Printer For
The Atari Wedge
Michael E. Hepner
Because of its flexible design, the Atari Wedge (pub-
lished ill the November 1982 issue 0/ COMPUTER cau
be expanded to include countless neio commands. In
this Wedge update, SPRINT is added which sends an
entire screen to tlic printer.
Every Atari owner with a disk drive knows how
long it takes to go to DOS and return. I do not
wish to find fault with the design of DOS 2. OS. 1
have several programs that need every spare byte
of RAM. So by having only the minimum essential
logic in memor}' and having the extra options in a
separate, nonresident module, there is more RAM
free for my own use.
But most of my programs are small, leaving
plenty of memory unused. It is annoying to wait
for memory to be swapped as you go to DOS when
you know that 20K of RAM is sitting idle in your
computer. But now, with the Wedge, this is no
longer a problem. I can use my large programs as
always, but for my short programs, I can have
Wedge automatically loaded and use all of the
disk commands that I normally use without the
time delay.
As much as the disk commands have helped
me, the nicest feature of the Wedge is its table-
driven design. Any new function can be added
by simply adding the command name and the
address of its rouhne to the table of commands.
In this article, I will show you how to add a utility
to copy a text screen to the printer.
SPRINT
Although I wrote a program that worked, making
it easy to use wasn't so easy. The Wedge has taken
care of that problem for me. I chose the command
name SPRINT because of the similarity to the
LPRINT command. Instead of sending a line to
the Line PRINTer as LPRINT does, SPRINT sends
an entire Screen to the line PRINTer.
The screen printer routine prints everything
on the screen, up to (but not including) the line
with the SPRINT command. The routine reads
192 COMPUTt! MayWaS
the screen by changing the operation mode in the
Editor's Input/Output Control Block to the special
editor input mode which is mentioned on page 27
of the BASIC Reference Manual. The routine also
changes the vector to the Editor Get routine to
bypass the Wedge until the print operation is
complete, so that nothing on the screen is acci-
dentally interpreted as a Wedge command.
Program 1 is a BASIC loader for the revised
Wedge. It is very similar to the loader in the origi-
nal Wedge except for the DATA statements. I
apologize that most of the DATA statements have
changed. I had hoped that only a few bytes other
than the end of the program would have to be
changed.
Program 2 is the assembly language listing of
the screen printer routine alone. If you have an
Assembler Editor cartridge and wish to add this
routine to the original Wedge, you must take the
steps listed below to break the Wedge into two
parts, renumber the second part, merge the two
parts together again, and then type in the new
code for the screen printer routine. The comma-M
in the last step is required to merge TEMP with
the program in memory.
ENTER #D:WEDGE
DEL 100,3140
REN 9000,10
LIST #D:TEMP
ENTER #D:WEDGE
DEL 3150,3390
ENTER #D: TEMP,M
ML To BASIC
Program 3 is for anyone who is writing programs
in machine language and wants to convert them
into a BASIC loader program. Along with con-
verting the machine language to BASIC DATA
statements. Program 3 also counts the number of
bytes in the machine language program, computes
the checksum of those bytes, and writes this in-
formation to the lowest numbered DATA state-
ment. I used Program 3 to generate the DATA
statements in Program 1. To use Program 3, you
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ComputAbility
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must first assemble your program and save the
machine language output as D:AUTORUN.SYS.
Then put in the BASIC cartridge and run Program
3. The DATA statements will be written in LIST
format to the file D:DATA. LOAD the main part
of your loader program and type ENTER
"D:DATA". The DATA statements will be added
to your loader program.
Program 1: wedge basic Loader
lOO
i lO
120
ISO
140
150
160
170
ISO
190
200
210
220
230
24 0
250
260
270
280
270
3 00
3 10
REM WEDGE BASIC LOADER
GRAPHICS O:? "Insert a DOS 2. OS
diskette"
? "with DOS. SYS in drive 1."
? "Press l:ia>*iJ:fr when you have do
ne this."
IF PEEKC764)<>12 THEN 140
POKE 764,255
? :? "Now writing the Wedge AUTO
RUN. SYS -file"
TRAP 190:CLDSE tt 1
OPEN 4H,8,0, "D:AUTORUN.SYS":TRAP
4000: GOTO 2 00
CLOSE #1:7 : ? "Can't open AUTORU
N.SYS for write. ":END
REM Disk header values are
REM in the data statements.
READ NUMBYTES, CHECKSUM
FOR 1=1 TO NUMBYTES
READ A: TRAP 310: PUT #1, A: TRAP 40
0 00
CKSUM=CKSUM+A
NEXT I
CLOSE ttl
IF CKSUM<
<;BELL>Bad
nts. " : END
7 :? "DATA ok
CHECKSUM THEN ? "
number in DATA stateme
write successfLil
END
•^ :? "Error-" ; PEEK ( 195) ; " when a
ttempting disk wr i te .": CLOSE « 1 :
END
320 REM
330 REM Following is the decimal
340 REM equivalent o-f Wedge 1.1
350 REM Must be type in perfectly
360 REM in order to function.
370 REM
lOOO DATA 794,78719
7930 DATA 255,255,0,31,164,31
7936 DATA 104,165,12,141,37,31
7942 DATA 165,13,141,38,31,169
7948 DATA 36,133,12,169,31,133
7954 DATA 13.32,43,31,32,92
7960 DATA 31,169,162,141,231,2
7966 DATA 169,34,141,232,2,96
7972 DATA 32,42,31,32,11,31
7978 DATA 96,169,80,141,68,3
7984 DATA 169,31,141,69,3,169
7990 DATA 0,141,73,3,169,12
7996 DATA 14 1,72,3,169,11,141
8002 DATA 66,3,162,0,32,86
8008 DATA 228,152,48,1,96,76
8014 DATA 142,34,65,116,97,114
8020 DATA 105,32,87,101,100,103
8026 DATA 101,155,160,0,185,26
8032 DATA 3,201,69,240,7,200
1W COMPim! May '983
8 0 38
8044
8050
B056
8062
8068
80 7 4
8 0 8 O
a OS 6
8092
8098
8 104
8110
8116
8 1 22
8 1 28
8 1 34
8 140
a 1 46
8 152
8 158
8164
8170
8176
8182
aiaa
8194
8200
8206
8212
8218
3224
8230
8236
8242
8248
8254
8260
8266
82 72
3278
82B4
8290
3296
8302
8303
83 14
83 2 O
8326
8332
8338
8344
8350
8356
8362
8363
8374
83ao
8336
8392
8398
84 0 4
84 10
8416
8422
8428
84 3 4
84 40
8446
8452
8458
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
200, 192, 34, 208, 243, 96
200, 169, 165, 153, 26, 3
200, 169, 31 , 153, 26, 3
162,0, 189, O, 228, 157
165, 31, 232, 224, 16, 20 8
245, 169, 184, 141, 169,3 1
169, 31 , 141 , 170, 31 , 24
173,4, 228, 105, 1 , 14 1
186, 31, 173, 5, 228, 105
0, 141 , 137, 31 , 16 9, O
1 ZZ. 203, 96. 185 , 31 , 108
32, 32, 62, 246, 8 , 20 1
155, 240, 4, 230, 203, 40
96, 14 0,181,31, 142, 182
31, 165, 2 03, 24 0, 36, 169
51 , 133, 205, 169, 32, 133
206, 160, O, 177, 205, 2 17
1 28, 5, 20B, 12 , 200, 177
205 , 240, 40, 196, 203, 208
2 4 0, 76, 37, 32, 20 1 , 255
240,53, 16 0, 0, 177, 205
240, 9, 230, 205, 144, 2
23 O, 2 O 6, 76, 242, 31, 24
165, 205, 10 5,3, 133, 205
144,2, 230, 206, 76 , 215
3 1 , 200, 132, 204, 177, 205
141 , 183, 31 , 200, 177 , 20S
141 , 184, 31 , 108, 133, 31
160, 0, 169, 46, 153, 128
5, 169, O, 133, 203, 169
155. 172, 181,31, 174, 182
31 , 40, 96, 63, 73, 82
0, 134, 32, 83, 67, 82
65, 84, 67, 72, O, 31
33, 76, 79, 67, 75, O
36, 33, 85, 78, 76, 79
6 7, 7 5, 0, 41 , 33, 8 2
69, 78, 65, 77, 69, 0
46, 33, 75, 73, 76, 76
O, 51 , 33, 83, 80, 82
73, 78, 84, 0, 64 , 33
2 55. 129, 32, 21, 34, 63
58, 42, 46, 42, 162, 80
169, 12, 157. 66, 3, 32
36,228,162,80,169,3
157, 66, 3, 169, 6, 157
74,3, 169, 129, 157, 68
3. 169, 32, 157 , 69, 3
32, 86, 228, 152, 16,3
76. 142, 34, 162, 80, 169
5, 157, 66, 3, 169, 109
157 , 63, 3, 141 , 68, 3
169, 32, 157, 69, 3, 141
69, 3, 169, 20, 157, 72
3, 141 ,72, 3,32,86
228, 152, 48, 13, 169,9
141 , 66, 3, 162, O, 32
86, 228, 76, 17 5, 32, 162
80, 169, 12, 157, 66, 3
3 2, 86, 223, 7 6, 3 0, 32
162, SO, 157, 66, 3, 169
O. 157, 73, 3. 164, 203
153, 128,5,56, 152, 229
204, 157, 72, 3, 24, 169
128, 101 , 204, 157, 68, 3
169, 5, 105, 0, 157, 69
3, 32, 86, 228, 152, 16
3, 76, 142.34,76. 30
32, 169, 33. 76, 233,
169,3!
36, 76.
76, 233, 32
!38, 32, 169
169
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The ATR800C comes with 16k or
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and the 64k ATR6000 can operate
ATARI DOS. OS/A+ and CP/M
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
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DISK DRIVES: Sv^" and 8" Tandon drives
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C0-P0WER-B8: A powerful 6086. 16 bit
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2500 E, RANDOL MILL RD,. SUITE 125
ARLINGTON, TX 76011 . -- ■ -,
817-469-1181 •'. '.X
ATARI 800. 400 snd 810 are IrBtJemarks ol ATARI, Inc ZSO isa trade mark olZilog CP/M 2 2
and CP/M-S6 are 1rademarl<s ol Digilal Research, Inc, MSDOS isalrademark ol liJicrosoft
Percom <s a trademark of Perccm Data Company Xerox 820 and 820-11 are trademarks of
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ATARI'
48KIIAM
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Please add '3.S0
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Atari li a trademark of Atar .
I^Q¥W83 COMPUTI! 195
8464
DATA
76. 233, 32, 173, 37, 31
8470
DATA
133, 12, 173, 38, 31 , 133
8476
DATA
13, 76, 116, 228, 56, 165
8482
DATA
84, 233, 2, 16, 3, 76
8488
DATA
30,32, 14 1 , 20, 34, 173
8494
DATA
74, 3, 141 , 21 , 34, 162
8500
DATA
80, 169, 12, 157, 66, 3
8506
DATA
32,36,228, 162,80, 169
85 12
DATA
3, 157, 66, 3. 169, 17
35 18
DATA
157, 68, 3. 169, 34, 157
8524
DATA
69,3, 169, 3, 157,74
8530
DATA
3, 32, 86, 223, 152, 16
8536
DATA
3, 76, 142, 34. 1 69 , O
8542
DATA
133, 34, 165,82, 133,85
8543
DATA
169, 9, 141 , 74, 3. 173
8554
DATA
4, 228, 141 , 169,31 , 173
8560
DATA
5, 228, 14 1 , 170, 31 , 162
8566
DATA
0, 169, 22, 157, 68, 3
8572
DATA
169, 34 , 157, 69, 3, 169
S5V8
DATA
5, 157, 66, 3, 169, 120
9584
DATA
157,72, 3, 169, 0, 157
8590
DATA
73,3,32,86, 223, 152
8596
DATA
48,71 , 162, 80. 169, 22
8602
DATA
157. 68. 3. 169, 34, 157
86oa
DATA
69, 3, 169, 9, 157, 66
8614
DATA
3. 169, 120, 157, 72, 3
8620
DATA
169, 0, 157. 73, 3, 32
8626
DATA
86,2 28. 15 2, 4 8, 33, 165
8632
DATA
34,205. 20.34, 43. 183
3638
DATA
240. 18 1 , 173, 21 , 34, 141
8644
DATA
74,3, 162, 80, 169, 12
8650
DATA
157, 66, 3, 32, 86, 228
8656
DATA
169, 184, 141 , 169, 31 , 169
3662
DATA
31 , 141 , 170, 31 , 76, 30
8668
DATA
32, 72. 173, 21 , 34, 141
8674
DATA
74,3, 169, 184. 141 , 169
8680
DATA
31 , 169, 31 , 14 1 . 170, 31
8686
DATA
76, 143, 34, 80, 58, 0
8692
DATA
0,0, 142, 34, 161 , 34
8698
DATA
72, 162,30, 169, 12, 157
8704
DATA
66, 3, 32, 36, 228, 104
8710
DATA
162, 255, 154, 133, 185, 76
8716
DATA
64, 185, 226. 2, 227, 2
8722
DATA
1 ,31
Program 2: screen printer Routine
.BYTE "SPRINT", 0
.WORD SPRINT
; Start of screen to printer ou
tput rOLttine
2122
2124
3 1 5 O
3160
3170
3190
3 190
3200
32 lO
3220
3230
3 2 4 0
3250
3260
3 2 7 0
3280
3290
3300
33 lO
3320
LHARGN=*52
R0WCRS=*54
C0LCRS=S55
SPRINT
r Compute last line to print
SEC
LDA ROWCRS ; Current cursor
row is the line below SPRINT
SBC #2 ; minus two to
skip the SPRINT line
BPL SAVELINE
JMP EXIT sCursor out of
range - nothing to copy
SAVELINE
3 330
3 34 0
3 350
3360
33 7 0
33BO
3390
3 4 0 0
34 10
3420
3430
3440
3450
3460
34 7 0
3430
3490
3500
35 1 O
3520
3S30
354 0
3550
35 6 O
3570
3580
3S90
3600
3610
3 6 20
36 30
3640
36 50
3660
3670
3680
3690
3700
3 7 10
37 20
37 30
3740
3750
3760
37 7 0
3730
3 7 9 Ci
3800
33 1 O
38 2 0
3330
38 4 0
3850
38 6 O
387 0
3880
3890
3900
39 1 0
3920
3930
39 4 O
3950
3960
3970
3980
3990
STA SVPOS
;Save last line
; Save the original open mode a
f the Editor.
LDA ICAUXl
STA SVAUX
;Save ICAUXl
Open the printer
LDX
LDA
STA
JSR
LDX
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
JSR
TYA
BPL
JMP
#*50
#CCLOSE
ICCOM, X
CIO
tt*50
»COPN
ICCOM, X
ttPNAMES<2
ICBADR, X
ttPNAME/2
ICBADR+1
«8
ICAUX 1 , X
CIO
HOME
ERROR
: lOCB #5
; CI ose i t
f i rst
; lOCB
; Then
#5
op en i t
55
56
, X
:8 = Output
; Er r or on opt
Home the cursor.
HOME
LDA ttO :Plac(
t
STA ROWCRS ; top of
LDA LMAR6N ; and at
STA COLCRS ; margin
cursor
Bcr een
1 eft
; Change EDITOR to special inpu
t mod e .
9 = read scree
automati cal 1 y
Restore old E
LDA #9
1
STA ICAUXl
LDA *e404
STA WEDGETAB+4
LDA *E405
STA WEDGETAB+5
Loop to read the screen.
PLOOP
LDX tt * O O
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
JSR
TYA
BMI
#EBUFS<255
ICBADR, X
*EBUF/256
ICBADR+1 , )
#C6TXTR
ICCOM, X
#120
ICBLEN, X
#o
ICBLEN+1 , :
CIO
SPERROR
; lOCB #0
; Get record
120 characters
;ErrDr on read
Print the line
L D X « * S 0 ;
LDA #EBUF.!<255
STA ICBADR, X
IOCS #5
196 COMPUTE! May 1983
4000
4 O 1 CI
4020
4 03 0
4 O 4 O
4050
4060
407 0
4080
4090
4 1 OO
4 110
4 120
4 130
4 140
4 1 5 <:•
4 160
4 17 0
4 180
4 19 0
4200
42 10
4220
4230
4 24 0
4250
4260
4270
4280
4 2 90
4300
43 10
4 3 2 O
4 3 30
340
35 0
4360
4370
4380
4390
44 OO
4 4 10
4420
LDA »EBUF/256
STA ICEtADR+ 1 , X
LDA #CPTXTR
STA ICCOM,X
LDA #120
STA ICBLEN,X
LDA #0
STA ICBLEN+1 , X
JSR CIO
TYA
BMI SPERROR
; Check i-f done
CHECK
LDA ROWCRS
CMP SVPDS
i ng r ow
EMI PLOOP
BEQ PLOOP
Put record
120 characters
Error on write
Compare to end
Loop i f
lines
mor e
to read
: Close lOCB #5 and restore Wed
ge and Editor mode.
SPDONE
LDA SVAUX
STA
LDX
LDA
STA
JSR
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
JMP
ex i t
SPERROR
PHA
e
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
J HP
PHA
rcAux 1
# « 5 c:»
«CCLOSE
ICCDM, X
CIO
ttMYINPUT-l!y255
WEDGETAB+4
#MYINPUT-1 /256
WEDBETAB+5
EXIT ; Jump
Rest or e
ICfiUX 1
Close IDCB
sa ved
Pol nt to
Wedge
to c Dmmon
Save error cod
saved
to
4430
4 44 0
4450
4460
4470
SVAUX ;Restore
ICAUXl ; ICAUXl
#MYINPUT-1S(2S5 :point
WEDGETAB+4 ;Wedge
#MYINPUT-1 /256
WED6ETAB+5
ERROR+1 ;Jump past the
instruction
O
PNAME .BYTE " P
SVPDS .BYTE 0
SVAUX . BYTE O
EBUF *=*+120
Program 3:
Conversion Of ML To BASIC Loader
10 DIM L4 (40) , B* (3)
20 OPEN #4, 4, O, "Di AUTORUN. SYS"
30 OPEN #5, a, O, "D: DATA"
40 LNUM=7930: CKSUM=0
50 L*="7930 DATA "
60 DNUM=0
70 TRAP 800: GET #4, BYTE: TRAP 40000
80 IF DNUM<6 THEN 140
90 PRINT #5;L*:PRINT L*
100 LNUM=LNUM+6
110 L*=STR* (LNUM)
120 L* (LEN <L« ) -t-l ) =" DATA "
130 DNUM=0
140 B«=STR« ( BYTE)
ISO IF DNUM50 THEN L* ( LEN ( L* ) ■»- 1 ) = " .
160
170
ISO
190
soo
810
B20
830
84 0
85 O
B6 0
870
aao
890
900
9 1 0
920
L* <L
COUN
CKSU
GOTO
IF P
PRIN
L*="
L* ( 1
L* (L
LS (L
PRIN
PRIN
PRIN
CLOS
CLOS
PRIN
END
EN (
T = C
M = C
70
EEK
T #
lOO
1 ) =
EN (
EN (
T #
T C
T "
E «
E #
T '■
L«) +1 ) =B*
0UNT+1:DNUM=DNUH+1
KSUH+BYTE
(195)0136 THEN 900
5;L$:PRI|\JT L*
0 DATA "
STR* (COUNT)
Lt) +1 ) =" , ■'
L4)+1)=STR*(CKSUM)
5; L*: PRINT L*
OUNT; '■ BYTES OF DATA'
CHECKSUM^" ; CKSUM
4:CLOSE tt5:END
4:CL0SE #5
ERROR "; PEEK (195)
(gU
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Mc3v ^^S3 COMPUni 197
INSIGHT: Atari
Biii Wilkinson
The scries on zoritin^ your axon interpreter continues.
hi parti, the expression cvaluator and the "PRINT"
statement are added to BAIT. There's also a look at
Atari's new 200XL computer.
of configurations that I work in. The possible
combinations I use can be shown as a small array:
Atari
DOS 2.0s
OS/A +
version 2
OS/A +
version 4
We hope to introduce several new products at the
West Coast Computer Faire this year, including
some designed specifically for the new model
1200 Atari (of which machine I will speak more
below). I can't tell you exactly what the new pro-
ducts will be, but I can say that I think that those
who have written software which follows the
"rules" will benefit.
Which "rules"? Oh, nothing much. Just those
regarding LOMEM, HIMEM, device drivers, reset
vectors, break vectors, etc. If you are an author
(or company) who is developing or has developed
software for the Atari computers, you might want
to ask Atari for a copy of the note from Howard
Chan, Manager of Software Acquisition, which
details what Atari considers the "untouchable"
locations as well as what "vectors" are immutable.
We hope to be able to reproduce that note in this
column next month.
Anyway, what are we looking into in this
month's column? Obviously, we will have part
two of the series on writing your own interpreter.
(And if you missed part one, you must go out
right now and buy the March issue! We cannot
and will not recap the materials previously
covered.) Also, as mentioned, I would like to
briefly discuss the new Atari 1200XL machine.
But first I am going to hang my head a little.
Pardon Me, My Pratfall is Showing
After giving everyone else (particularly Atari) a
hard time about not doing things "right," I am
embarrassed to admit that I, too, did a thing defi-
nitely "un-right."
I must start by giving credit to F. T. Meiere,
President of the Indy Atari Club from In-
dianapolis, for not only finding my goof, but also
giving me what seems to be a workable and proper
fix.
The mistake occurred, not surprisingly, in
my fix to the Atari RS-232 drivers, as published
in this column in the December 1982 issue of
COMPUTE!. It came about because of the variety
1P8 COMPUTE! MQv19a3
Cartridge
Software
RAM-based I
Software ,
I I I
i I I
y \.
I 1 I
4
I
— +-
Now, obviously, the vast majority of the Atari
user population finds itself in the upper left box
(Atari BASIC with Atari DOS). And, yet, because
I really don't like working with "MEM.SAV" and
"DUP.SYS" (and the consequential swapping in
and out and sometimes losing my memory and
...), I generally leave that left-hand column for
last. And, unfortunately, in this case I apparently
didn't even get to it. For shame.
Anyway, taking F.T. Meiere's advice to heart,
I have indeed tested the change he has proposed
in several of the possible configurations. Addi-
tionally, I have looked at my original code and
found out why it failed (and why this new code
works). So here, without further ado, is the fix to
my RS-232 fix in the form of a change to line 1990
of the assembly language code:
was: 1990JMP(DOSINI> WRONG!
now: 1990 JMP PATCH3 RIGHT!
To Excel Or Not To Excel
The new Atari machine is named the "1200XL." I
suppose the "XL" is supposed to designate speed
and sexiness, a la sports cars. And certainly the
machine looks sleek and sexy enough; it is by far
the best looking of the current crop of home com-
puters. Were it not for the serial I/O cable, you
could easily envision holding the machine in your
lap while leaning back in your easy chair, admiring
and caressing it as you would a glass of good
wine.
Let's look at the obvious features:
• Pluses: 62K of RAM, two character sets, a self-test
PflOGftflm/TDM
Thousands of Programs
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capability, nearly complete compatibility with the
400/800 systems, four function kevs and a "help"
key, two status LEDs.
• Minuses: One cartridge slot (on the side, and
you can remov^e the cartridge with power on even
though you shouldn't), two (not tour) joystick
ports (both on the same side of the case; consider
getting a joystick cord extender for two-person
games), no memory board slots, no external ex-
pansion capabilities.
• huplicatiotis: Goodbye, 80-column boards. Good-
bye, RAMDISKs and" the like. Goodbye, CORVUS
hard disk drive (which, I believe, interfaces via
joysticks three and four).
• Unfounded rumors: There is )iot an RS-232 interface
built in. There is certainly no parallel printer port.
In fact, there is no hardware other than what I
have described.
Some "features" of the machine are less ob-
vious: none of the current Atari software will take
advantage of the expanded RAM. When you bank
select the RAM, all of the OS software, including
the interrupt handlers, goes away, so you must
provide at least a minimal OS substitute. Because
the I/O space is from SDOOO to SD800 (as on the
400/800), there is no way around having a "hole"
in your otherwise contiguous RAM. There is no
way to get at the RAM which is "under" the car-
tridge (this flaw is left over from the 400/800; it is
a real deficiency). It uses the same old slow floating
point routines.
So how do I rate the 1200XL in overall features
and performance? Quite honestly, it depends
entirely on what the price of the machine is. At
anything under $450, it's a terrific bargain. 1 feel
that, given the obvious cost-cutting Atari was
able to achieve, it should be able to sell for half
the cost of the 800. However, the indications are
that the price of the 800 will be dropped and that
the 1200 will cost more than the 800. If so, buy an
800 quick!
The exception to this suggestion is if you will
write in machine language or be using non-Atari
languages that can take advantage of the extra
14K of RAM (now ivherc would you get a language
like that?). If you need the extra RAM, then you
may have to seriously consider the 1200. Of
course, by the time you read this, the price of the
1200 and the new price of the 800 should be public
knowledge, so you will be able to see how accurate
my forecasting is.
BAIT, Part 2
In March, we started the process of writing a
pseudo-BASIC interpreter, which I called "BAIT."
If you don't have that article, this month's work
will make virtually zero sense, so don't even at-
tempt to follow the rest of this column.
200 COMPUTE! f/ayWaa
This month, as promised, we add the expres-
sion evaluatorand tlie "PRINT" statement to
BAIT. Note that the listing published here is not
complete. It is meant to be added to the March
listing. In a few cases, this month's lines will over-
write (be the same number as) those from March.
For example, wc have replaced lines 4010 through
4040 and deleted line 4050.
Before we get into the explanation of the ac-
tual listing, we need to extend our discussion of
just how an interpreter- and, in particular, BAIT
- works.
There are two major parts to most language
interpreters; the program editor and the program
executor. The March column presented BAIT's
editor. It is not fundamentally different from most
BASIC editors. True, only a few BASICs that I
know of use a line number table, as we did for
BAIT (some that do include Cromcmco 32K Struc-
tured BASIC, which we wrote, and Data General's
Business BASIC, both designed for relatively large
machines). But, to be fair, BAIT cheats by using a
very small fixed number of possible line
numbers.
The editor used by Atari BASIC and BASIC
A -I- (and Cromemco and DG BASICs) does, how-
ever, differ markedly from BAIT's editor in one
important apsect. In these more sophisticated
BASICs, the user's program line is scanned for
correct syntax as it is entered and automatically
converted to more usable internal "tokens." Of
course, BAIT should not be chided for any defi-
ciency here: most microcomputer BASICs (in-
cluding, for example, Microsoft BASICs) do not
do any syntax checking at entry (nor do they to-
kenize anything except, perhaps, recognized
keywords). In any case, BAIT's editor seems quite
adequate to me.
This month, we begin the second major part
of an interpreter: the program executor. Not sur-
prisingly, the program executor is much larger
and more complex than the editor. In fact, we
need to break the executor down into manageable
hunks. I think an outline would be useful here.
I. Program Editor
II. Program Executor
A. Initialization
B. Execution by Line
1. Execution by Statement
2. Execution of Statements
a. Display statement
b. Print statement
... (various statements)
C. Execution of a direct statement or line
D. Error handler
This month, we will add parts C, D, and B to
BAIT. (Note that we did part A in March and
faked C.) Actually, part C and part B are so inti-
mately entwined in BAIT that it is hard to see
where one begins and the other leaves off, but
that doesn't make our outline any less valid.
Executing Expressions In BAIT
Not shown in the above outline are the major
routines which are common to the execution of
most statements. To illustrate, first consider these
two BAIT statements:
LA = 7n3
PA + 5
(Let A = 7*13)
(Print A+5>
What do these two statements have in com-
mon? An expression. From BAIT's viewpoint, the
two expressions here are "7*13" and "A + 5". A
major portion of BAIT (and, indeed, a major por-
tion of am/ language) is the subroutine known as
"EXecute EXPression," which resides in lines
5000 through 5999 in the accompanying listing.
Actually, EXEXP in BAIT is fairly simple when
compared to that of Atari BASIC. Remember the
rules from last month? No functions, no prece-
dence of operators, no arrays, no strings.
Not surprisingly, almost all BAIT statements
call the EXEXP subroutine. In turn, EXEXP calls a
couple of routines, including GETNC (GET Next
Character - lines 8100 to 8160). GETNC is perhaps
the lowest level routine of the program execution
phase of BAIT. It simply scans the program mem-
ory for the next non-space character, tests to see if
it is an alphabetic character, and protests when
the line runs out of characters.
EXEXP uses GETNC (line 5100) to find any
ALPHAbetic characters in an expression; such
characters are assumed to be variables (lines 5300,
5310). If instead, GETNC found a numeric charac-
ter (line 5110), EXEXP backs up and scans for the
entire number (lines 5400 to 5450). Only digits
and a decimal point are allowed (line 5430); but
there is a flaw (read that as bug) here that allows,
but ignores, more than one decimal point and the
digits which might follow. Finally, if the character
is neither alphabetic nor numeric, BAIT assumes
that it is an operator and figures out which one
(lines 5120 to 5230). If it is not an operator, and if
the expression was valid, EXEXP returns to its
caller (line 5160).
Note that in the case of either a variable or a
numeric literal, EXEXP assumes that it has re-
ceived the second argument of an expression of
the form "argl op arg2" (lines 5500 through 5530).
Of course, in the case of the very first argument
in any expression, there has been no preceding
argument. But EXEXP takes care of that by pro-
viding a dummy argument ("0") and a dummy
operator {" -I- ") in its initialization code (line 5010).
Incidentally, if EXEXP detects two operators or
two arguments in a row, it rules the expression
invahd (lines 5210, 5220, and 5510). Similarly, null
expressions and expressions ending in an operator
are illegal (lines 5230, 5530, and 5160).
Finally, the actual operators of BAIT are
"simulated" via Atari BASIC in lines 5610 through
5680. Note that BAIT allows BASIC'S operators
" + ", "-", "*", "/", ">", "<", and " = ". BAIT sim-
plifies the inequality sign to "#", instead of
BASIC'S "<>" . (But did you know that many, many
of the early BASICs used or allowed "#" as an
alternative to "<>"?)
Normally, I wouldn't be so bold as to suggest
changing an entire section of code, but I think the
clumsiness of EXEXP deserves at least one alter-
native idea. If you are using BASIC A -I- (or any
BASIC with a "FIND" or "SUBSTRing" function),
you could replace lines 5120 to 5128 with a single
line of code:
5120 OP = FIND( " + -•/><=#", C$ , 0 ): IF OP
THEN 5200
Of course, one could have achieved similar results
with a string and a FOR/NEXT loop under Atari
BASIC, but that would have slowed down EXEXP
even more than it already is.
BAIT'S Print Statement
Lines 10200 through 10330 comprise the execution
of "Print" under BAIT. Notice that DOPRINT
also uses GETNC (line 10210). Here, we are look-
ing to see whether a quoted string (line 10220), an
expression (line 10240), or nothing at all (line
10210) follows the "?" keyword. (Or should we
call it a key-letter?)
Literal strings are fairly simple to handle.
Starting at the character after the quote mark, we
simply loop through the buffered line printing
characters as we go and looking for an ending
quote (lines 10300 and 10310). If no matching quote
is found, it is not an error, just as with Atari BASIC
(end of line 10310). If the quote is found, we adjust
the character pointer and look for a trailing setni-
colon or comma (lines 10320, 10330, then 10250 to
10280).
And, strangely enough, arithmetic expres-
sions are the easiest of all things to print. We
simply call EXEXP and display the calculated result
(line 10240), falling through to the trailing semi-
colon and comma check. (Of course, if we were
writing in assembly language, we would have to
write the "display a numeric result in ASCII"
routine, but even here the Atari OS ROMs would
help us.)
What Else Was Added
Finally, we must comment on the other code that
was added this month. Most of it, of course, was
needed to support the EXEXP and DOPRINT
routines. However, some of it certainly is obscure
enough to bear explanation. As we did in March,
we will comment on the code by line number(s).
Mav1V83 COMPUTF! 201
1100. C$ is used to capture the next character
by GETNC. The array VARIABLES is designed to
hold 26 variables (A-Z). One could easily amend
this to any multiple of 26 and allow variable names
of the form Al, A2, etc.
1110. This is kind of silly. In the final code,
all variables will be initialized to zero. However,
since we do not yet have a "Let" statement, 1
wanted to give each variable a unique value so we
could use it in "Print". Hence, A = l, B = 2, C = 3,
etc.
1120. Simply a place to stuff an error message.
1520 to 1550. The line numbers of some of
our more important routines.
1710. I hate using "TRAP40000". 1 like "TRAP
UNTRAP" much better.
2360. The only line I actually corrected from
the March listing. Do you see what the bug was?
3320. Just changed the comment to make
more sense.
4010 to 4040. The beginnings of our "Line
execution" control routine. We get the starting
and ending positions of the current line. If the
line doesn't exist, we try for the next line. If this is
a direct line, we flag it for later detection (line
4040).
4210. As things sit now, if we get here we are
ready to execute the direct statement. It had better
be the "P" (Print) key-letter.
4220. Why call line 4900? Why not do it in-line
right here? Wait until next month.
4610. If we didn't just execute a direct line,
we go do another line. (Won't happen this
month.)
4620 to 4640. This code was at lines 4010 to
4040 last month. It just cleans up the program
buffer for use by the editor.
4910. Read line 4920.
5010 to 8160. Described in the text above.
8200 to 8290. Why do this several places when
a single routine will do? Note line 8240: Atari
BASIC does a similar thing with the 6502's CPU
stack when it encounters an error. Why try to
recover through who knows how many sub-
routine calls when one can simply reset the stack
to the top and ignore them?
10200 to 10330. Described in the text above.
Using What We Have
Again, BAIT seems to work as designed up to this
point. You can type in program lines (with pre-
ceding line numbers) or you can type in a direct
statement. Unfortunately, all direct statements
are assumed to be "Print," but just wait until next
month.
And just what can you "Print"? Virtually any
numeric expression that uses the BAIT operators
and literal numbers. Of course, you can also use
the variable letters "A" through "Z," but this
month you will get the artificial values they con-
tain. To get you started, here are some statements
to try when you get BAIT's "ready" prompt:
P "HI THERE"
P "HI THERE",
P "HI THERE";
Pl+2+3+4
Pi -t- 2 + 3 + 4
PA+B+C+D
P4>5
P4<5
Pl/3
P 1/2 = 0.5
Pl/2 # 0.5
P 1/3;
And one last P.S., a kind of taste of what's to
come. Once you have the listing working and
saved, try adding one line:
4905 IF C$ = "D" THEN GOTO DODISPLAY
If you don't see what it allows, then wait for next
month.
Next Month
Naturally, we will have Part 3 of BAIT. We will
actually begin running BAIT programs, and we
will add about half of the remaining BAIT state-
ments to our vocabulary.
Unless something else hits me in the next
week or two, I think I will respond to mv own
challenge and begin talking about how to write
self-relocatable assembly language.
1100 DIM C$(l) ,VARIABLES{26)
1110 FOR ALPHA=0 TO 26 : VARIABLES (ALPHA) =AL
PHA:NEXT ALPHA
1120 DIM ERR$(40)
1520 LET GETNC=8100
1530 SYNTAX=83 00:ERROR=8200:EXEXP=5000
1550 DODISPLAY=10100:DOPRINT=10200
1700 REM MISCELLANY
1710 UNTRAP=40000
2360 IF LINE$(1,1)=''?" THEN LINES=LINES (2)
:GOTO 2350
3320 REM NOTE THAT CURLINE=0 AS WE FALL TO
LINE 4000
4010 LENGTH=LINESCCURLINE) :IF LENGTH=0 THE
N 4600
4020 CURLOC=INT (LENGTH/1000) :LENGTH=LENGTH
-1000*CURLOC
4030 CUREND=CURL0C+LENGTH-1
4040 IF CURLINE=0 THEN CURLINE=-1
<<< DELETE LINE 4050>>>
4100 REM READY TO EXECUTE A LINE
4200 REM EXECUTE THE STATEMENT
4210 GOSUB GETNC: IF NOT ALPHA THEN GOTO SY
NTAX
4220 GOSUB 4900
4600 REM COME HERE FOR NEXT LINE
4610 CURLINE=CURL1NE+1:IF CURLINE>0 THEN 4
000
4620 BUFFER$( INT ( LINES (0)/1000) )="*"
4630 LINES (0)=0
4640 GOTO PROMPT
4900 REM THE STATEMENT CALLER
202 COMFUni May 1963
4910
4920
5010
5020
5100
5110
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5160
5170
5200
5210
5220
5230
5300
5310
5400
5410
5420
5430
5440
5450
5500
5510
5520
5530
5600
5610
5620
5630
5640
5650
5660
5670
5680
5900
8100
8110
8120
8130
8140
8150
8160
8200
8210
8220
8230
8240
8250
8290
8300
8310
10200
GOTO DOPRINT
REM LINE 4910 IS TEMPORARY l!!l
EVAL=0:LASTOP=-1
VALID=0
GOSUB GETNC:IF ALPHA THEN 5300
IF C$>="0
REM WHICH
IF CS="+"
C$="-"
C$="*"
€$="/"
C$=">"
n y n
' AND C$<='
OPERATOR?
THEN 0P=1:
9" THEN 5400
IF
IF
IF
IF
GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
5200
5200
5200
5200
5200
5200
5200
5200
THEN 0P=2
THEN 0P=3
THEN 0P=4
THEN 0P=5
IF C$="<" THEN 0P=6
IF C$="=" THEN 0P=7:G0T0
IP C$="#" THEN 0P=8:G0T0
IP VALID THEN RETURN
GOTO 5900
REM GOT AN OPERATOR
IF LASTOP>0 THEN 5170
IF LASTOP<0 AND 0P>2 THEN 5170
LASTOP=OP:VALID=0:GOTO 5100
REM GOT A VARIABLE
VAL2=VARIABLES (ALPHA) : GOTO 5500
REM GOT A NUMERIC
CURL0C=CURL0C-1:REM BACKUP TO FIRST N
UMERIC
FOR LL=CURLOC TO CUREND :C$=BUFFER$ {LL
)
IF (C$>="0'' AND C$<="9") OR €$="." TH
EN NEXT LL
VAL2=VAL(BUFFER$(CURL0C,LL-1) )
CURLQC=LL
REM VAR OR NUMERIC
IF LASTOP=0 OR ABS(LAST0P)>8 THEN 5 90
0
GOSUB 5600+10*ABS(LASTOP)
LASTOP=0:VALID=1:GOTO 5100
REM EXECUTE OPERATORS
EVAL=EVAL+VAL2 ; RETURN
EVAL=EVAL- VAL2 : RETURN
EVAL=EVAL*VAL2 : RETURN
EVAL=EVAL/VAL2 : RETURN
EVAL=(EVAL>VAL2) :RETURN
EVAL=(EVAL<VAL2) : RETURN
EVAL=(EVAL=VAL2) : RETURN
EVAL=(EVAL<>VAL2) : RETURN
ERR$="INVALID EXPRESSION" : GOTO ERROR
-REM GETNC
IF CURLOOCUREND THEN C=-l :CS=CHR$ (15
5) :GOTO 8140
C=ASC(BUPPER$(CURLOC) ) :C$=CHRS(C)
CURL0C=CURL0C+1
IF C=32 THEN GOTO GETNC
ALPHA=(C$>="A" AND C$<="Z " ) * CC-64)
RETURN
REM ERROR ROUTINE
PRINT : PRINT "***"; ERR$; "***" ;
IF CURLINE>0 THEN PRINT " AT LINE ";C
URLINE
PRINT :TRAP 8250
POP :POP :POP :POP :POP ;POP :POP :P0
P
TRAP UNTRAP
GOTO PROMPT
REM SYNTAX ERROR
ERR$="SYNTAX ERROR" :G0T0 8200
REM ==EXECUTE PRINT==
0250 IF CS=";" THEN RETURN
0260 IF C$="," THEN PRINT ,: RETURN
0270 IF C<0 THEN PRINT : RETURN
0280 GOTO SYNTAX
0300 FOR LL=CURLOC TO CUREND : C $=BUFFER ? (LL
)
0310 IF ASC(C$)<>34 THEN PRINT C$; :NEXT LL
: PR I NT : RETURN
0320 CURL0C=LL+1: GOSUB GETNC
0330 GOTO 10250 ©
10210 GOSUB GETNC: IF C<Q THEN PRINT :RETURN
10220 IF'C=34 THEN 10300
10230 CURL0C=CURL0C-1
10240 GOSUB EXEXP: PRINT EVAL;
Use the handy
reader service cards
in the back of the
rr^agazine for
information on
products advertised in
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I^4{iy1933 COMPimt 203
Part IV
Commodore 64 Video
A Guided Tour
Jim Butterfield, Associate Editor
In Part 4 of this guided tour of the impressive video
capabilities of the Commodore 64, we take a look at
the video structure itself and explore program design
considerations.
The story so far: we're touring the 6566 chip, which
gives the Commodore 64 its video. We have noted
that the chip goes to memory for its video infor-
mation, but can only reach 16K; the computer
controls which 16K bank via control lines in 56576
(hex DDOO). Then we looked through the functions
of the video control words - sprite and non-sprite
- at 53248 to 53286 {hex DOOO to D026).
We've examined all the bits in the video chip
control registers. Now let's ease back and look at
the 64's video structure. We'll talk a bit about pro-
gram design considerations.
A Single 16K Slice
In Part 1 of this series (February 1983), we dis-
cussed how the video chip gets its screen infor-
mation directly from memory. We indicated that
the chip must dig out all of its information from a
The video chip obtains its screen information
from one of four 16K memory "slices." Two of
the slices contain tfie ROtA character generator.
single 16K slice. We might draw this as a diagram
(see the figure).
We can control which slice we want by man-
ipulating the two low bits in address 56576 (hex
E)DOO). Normally, the processor picks the slice
from 0 to 16383.
Once we've picked a 16K block, we must get
all screen data from this block: the "screen mem-
ory," the character set, and the sprites. We cannot
get the screen data from one block, the character
base from another, and sprites from still another.
Because we are restricted, we must do a little
planning, and design our video information into
our program.
After we have picked the 16K slice, we must
set the video matrix (screen memory) to some
point within it. We may pick any multiple of 1024
as a starting address. The normal 64 configuration
is set to a value of one, meaning we take the screen
information from memory starting at address
1024. The video matrix, you may remember, is
stored in the high nybble (that means multiply it
by 16) of 53272 (hex DOl 8).
We must pick our character base next. If we're
in normal resolution, we may pick any even mul-
tiple of 1024 as a starting address: i.e., 0, 2048,
4096, etc. If we're in high resolution mode, we
must pick only values of zero and eight, meaning
that the hi-res starting address will be either 0 or
8192. The normal 64 configuration is set to four or
six for either graphics or text mode, meaning we
take our character set from 4096 or 6144. You
probably remember that the character base is
stored in the low nybble of 53272.
So we'd expect a normal 64 to place into ad-
dress 53272: a video matrix of one, times 16, plus
a character base of four or six, yielding a total of
20 or 22. You may in fact sec 21 or 23 if you PEEK
the location, but the extra bit doesn't matter - it's
not used. And if we switch to high resolution
without changing anything else, our character
base of four or six will be trimmed back to zero -
explaining whv we saw zero page when we tried
POKE 53265,48 in Part 1 of this series.
Let's try a few specific design jobs.
204 COMPUTi! May 1983
Now the VIC 20 and 64 can
communicate with PET peripherals
--lSa;;r->
'Mllll
'^^^S*'
IsSliilir"'
VIC and 64 users
Would you like to be able to access any of these
peripherals from your computer?
^' '/a megabyte disks (Commodore 4040 drive)
' 1 megabyte disks (Commodore 8050 drive)
' 1 0 megabyte disks (Commodore 9090 hard disk)
' Printers including a wide range of inexpensive
IEEE and RS232 matrix and quality printers
IEEE instruments such as volt meters, plotters etc.
Now you are no longer limited by the VIC or the 64's
serial bus. Simply by attaching INTERPODyou can
vastly increase the power of your VIC 20 and when
used with the new 64, INTERPOD turns the computer
into a really powerful system.
With INTERPOD the VIC and 64 become capable of
running really professional quality software such as
Word-processing, Accounting, Instrument control and
many more.
INTERPOD will work with any software. No extra
commands are required and INTERPOD does not
affect your computer in any way.
Using INTERPOD is as easy as this: o
Simply plug INTERPOD into the serial port of your
computer, power-up and you are ready to
communicate with any number of parallel and serial
IEEE devices and any RS232 printer.
INTERPOD costs ^180
ll4TlsKI><>l>
Limbic Systems Inc. 986 Tower Place, Santa Cruz, CA 95062
Task 1: Simple Graphics
We're quite satisfied with the screen and character
set, but we'd like to add a few sprites to liven
things up. Fine, the normal 64 configuration leaves
room for about four sprite drawings (numbers 11,
13, 14, and 13), provided we don't need to use
cassette tape during the program run. This may
be enough for a lot of animation; all eight sprites
could use a single drawing, if that suited the task.
If we needed more than four drawings, we
might be tempted to move the start-of-BASIC
pointer to a higher location, making room for the
extras. That can work quite well, but it will prob-
ably call for two programs: a configuring program
and a final program. It's hard for a program to
reconfigure itself and survive.
Task 2: New Character Sets
If we wish to use the regular character set as well
as new characters that we might devise, we'll
want to stay in the memory blocks from 0 to 16383
or 32768 to 491 51. These two blocks contain the
ROM character generator at offset 4096 to 8191 . If
we don't need regular characters at all (if we intend
to use our own) it may be more convenient to
switch to cither of the other two blocks: 16384 to
32767 or 49152 to 65535. Since there's nothing but
RAM in these two, we may find more room.
Note that some of these RAM addresses are
"hidden" beneath ROMs - BASIC from 40960 to
49151, and the Kernal from 57344 to 65535. The
video chip sees only the RAM; but in a normally
configured 64 system, programs will see only the
ROM. You can POKE or store to the RAM beneath,
but when you PEEK or load from these addresses,
you'll get the ROM. That's OK; the \ideo chip
sees the RAM locaticms you have POKEd. Result:
something for nothing! You can build a character
base into RAM, and not lose any memory from
your system.
Task 3: Emulating A PET
This is a clear-cut task. We want to move the screen
to the same place that the PET uses the screen.
That's very straightforward from a video chip
standpoint. (Note: If you type the following
POKEs in one at a time, you may have to type
blind for some of them.) The PET screen belongs
at 32768, so we must select that slice with:
POKE 56576,5
so that we'll pick up RAM starting at 32768. The
ROM character generator is still in place.
Since we want the screen (video matrix) to be
positioned right at the start of the block, we must
set it to a value of zero. The character base can
stay at its value of four (for graphics mode), so we
must set up address 53272 with zero times 16 plus
four:
POKE 53272,4
2D6 COHPUTt! May WB3
That completes the video, but we have a iew other
things to do to make BASIC work in a sound
manner. We must tell BASIC where the new
screen is located:
POKE 648,128
And finally, we should set the start and end of
BASIC to correspond with a 32K PET:
POKE 1024,0:POKE 44,4:POKE 56,128:NEW
Clear the screen, and the job's done. Zero page
usage is still different, so not all PEEKs and POKEs
will automatically work on this reconfigured sys-
tem; but BASIC and screen now match the PET.
Task 4: High Resolution Plotting
There are only eight places in memorv that we
can place a high resolution screen: 0, 8192, 16384,
24576, 32768, 40960, 49152, and 57344, We tend to
choose the two 16K blocks that don't have the
character generator, 16384 to 32767 and 49152 to
65535. That way, we'll have more clear RAM to
use; there will be more space left for our video
matrix and any sprites we need.
If we want to write characters on the hi-res
screen, we'll have to generate them ourselves or
steal them irom the character generator. Here's
an odd thing - the video chip sees the character
ROM at two different addresses, but the processor
chip (and that includes your program) sees the
same 4K ROM only at a third location, 53248 to
57343. Most of the time, the processor can't see
the ROM anyway, since the addresses are overlaid
with the I/O chips.
So if our program wants to see the character
set, it must flip away the I/O chip with POKE 1,51
- stop, don't do it yet! There are two problems.
First, once the I/O chips are moved out - sound,
video, interface, everything - vou won't be able
to type on the keyboard; so you'll never be able to
type the POKE to put everything back. Second,
the interrupt program uses these I/O chips for
quite a lew things, and it will go berserk the mo-
ment you take them out of action. So we must
use a program or a multiple direct command to
do the job, and we must temporarily lock out the
interrupt activity. Type the following statements
as a single line:
POKE 56333,127:
POKE 1,51:
X = PEEK(53256):
POKE 1,55:
POKE 56333,129
(lock out the inturrupt)
(flip out I/O)
(read p.irl of clinriicler)
(restore I'O)
(restore interriipl)
X will contain the top row of pixels for the
letter "A." If vou like, you can draw a character's
shape with the following program:
100 INPUT "CHARACTER NUMBER"; A
110 IF A<0 OR A>255 THEN STOP
120 B=5324a+8*A
130 C=56333
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VisiCalc is a Irademark of VisiCorp.
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BUSIWRITER
BUSIWRITER A Honey of a Word Processor
Why word processors?
Word processors allow the user to quickly and easily create letters,
memos, notes, reports, term papers, manuals, poetry and any other writ
ten information using the memory of the computer as a pencil and
paper. The computer display or terminal acts as a window through
which the user views the information as it is entered. The outstanding
advantage of using BUSIWRITER is that it acts not only as a pencil and
paper but as a perfect eraser and automatic typewriter.
a ^^naii. s^a a a n m, a m a s? es
^EM 13 Sm ^3 d £3 D d A d B Ei O fll BBS
I o tai BaaaaosiaBfi tm » t.
For Commodore CBM-64
Commodore 1515, 1525, Epson, C. Itoh, Qume, Diablo, NEC Spinwriter, Starwriter,
Prowriter, Okidata, Microline, Gemini-10
And many more printers
BUSIWRITER The Queen Bee of Word Processors
BUSIWRITER allows the user to quickly and easily make any number
of alterations to the text. BUSIWRITER will instantly reformat your text
and show you exactly and continuously how the final output will appear.
BUSIWRITER has more functions than any other known microcomputer
word processor. With BUSIWRITER assisting in the entry of text, provid-
ing a 20 page memory and performing an enormous number of editing/
composing functions, the preparation of written data is far faster and
outstandingly more accurate than if It were prepared by hand.
BGSIWRITER With the Sting Removed from the Prices
BUSIWRITER 64 only $99.00 for the CBM 64
BUSIWRITER AVAILABLE NOW FROM YOUR LOCAL DEALER
(800) 227-9998
FOR THE NAME OF YOGR NEAREST DEALER ^i\
California, Canada, Alaska and Hawaii please call (415) 965-1735
i
Skyles Electric Works
231G South Whisman Road
Mountain View, CA 94041
Europe please contact Supersoft, Winchester House, Harrow Wealdstone, England HAS 7SJ, Tel. 01 861 1166
140 FOR J=0 TO 7
150 POKE C,127:POKE 1 , 51 : X=PEEK (B+J } /
128
160 POKE l,55:POKE C, 129
170 FOR K=l TO 8
180 X%=X:X=(X-X%)*2
190 PRINT CHR$(32+X%*3);
200 NEXT K:PRINT
210 NEXT J
2 20 GOTO 100
To terminate this program, enter a number
over 255. You'll note that most of the characters
are drawn with "double width" lines. A video
technician would tell you that this reduces the
video frequencies and is likely to cause less picture
smear.
Arranging the video areas is almost an art. It
takes a little practice, but you'll get the knack oi it
fairly quickly.
In the next and final section, we'll give a sim-
ple example of a program using sprites. In this
way, we'll try to draw together some of the skills
discussed in this series.
Copi/right (:19S2 liiii Bntterfichi
COMMODORE
64
^.
CASSETTE SOFTWARE
CVCLONS
Continuing wdh theif o'an lo contjuer
the universe me CVTRON EMPIRE has
Chosen your sector as the fust latgiJI m
our gaiaxy As COMMANDER ot ihe
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""*^^^=^ .^Si^ warships
^ #w^ ^aiKULli CYCLONSisprogrammectlOO«cipnmacH
me language using full HI'RESgraphics
and utiliiesmany ol the graph rc5 souna
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Choose the skill le^nji and game options
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AVAILABLE SOON IN DISK
SCRIBBLER
VanGognnever na3 ilThiSqouJ SCR'B
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Independent control otaK lecoiQui-sfor
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Tue capabHil.es o' SCRIBBLER are .i<.
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andchansforprojecis Of i..mp!y test your c?eativeabiiiiies SQRJBBlER fequ=ies.i
lOysiick m conjuncfion with the keyboa'd AVAILABLE SOON IN DfSK-
Check lor availability with your local dealer, or use the order lorm provided.
Dealer enquiries are invited- Catalogues available on request.
FORWARD TO: SVNTAX SOFTWARE INC.. 33 ELMHUHST AVE.. SUITE 502,
WILLOWDALE. ONTARIO. CANADA M2N 6G8 PHONE (416) 221-8008
GCeriifhGd Cheque ili Money Order . Visa — Ma$tf;-CafO - Amoncan E»,presi
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I
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• Hardware driven — works off of the serial port.
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• Plugs into the buss expansion slot-
• Cartridge style case
• 19 user accessible subroutines
• 20 page illustrated manual with detailed programming examples.
AUTO CLOCK S1 29.95
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DIGITAL TO ANALOG and
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• 0 w 5 volt range
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• Includes dnuer software and documentatian
MW-304 5189.95
STAHLIGHTER"
A sophistocated camputer operated portable
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Works With the VIC-30
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3333 South Wadsworth Blvd.. #C105, Lakewood. Colorado 80227, (3D31 934-1973 or [303] 987-gB71
Si ^3
210 COMWTCI Mot19i3
VIC File Case
John Stilwell
Nothing difficult. ju$t a straightforainrd, easy-to-use
(hozo'did-l-maimge-zvithout it?) program for your VIC
to keep track of files. For VlC's of any memory size.
I have a lot of fun playing games on my VlC-20,
but I use it for work, too. I recently found that I
needed a program to keep track of files - some-
thing versatile, so the format had to be simple.
Since I couldn't find anything already written, 1
wrote my own.
The "File Case" is a set of 31 pages with ten
entries per page. Because of the limited screen
space, each entry can be no more than two lines
long to prevent any scrolling.
Because of the "crunching" techniques I used
when writing this program, some lines are longer
than the maximum 80 columns. When typing in
the longer lines, use abbreviations for the com-
mands. For example, PRINT is entered as ?.
Type N to start a new file. You will be asked
to confirm and then to give the new file name.
Note: This will erase any data already in the
computer.
Type P and the page number you want; then
push RETURN. The page shows ten entry num-
bers with a "-" after them. To make an entry,
type E and type in the number (one of the ten
displayed) on the page where you want it to go.
After pressing RETURN again, type in your entry.
The entry cannot include commas or colons. When
you hit RETURN, it will appear on the page. When
entering or inserting a line, if you want the line to
appear in the catalog, it has to be reversed. To do
this, type ", then CONTROL RVS ON, and then
type in your entry (all of this on the same line).
When you hit RETURN, the entry will appear in
inverse video on the page {white on black).
Type I to insert a line between tw^o existing
entries. An existing line may be deleted by typing
K. This kills the specified line and moves up
all succeeding lines. Type S to save your data
on tape, and L to load the data back into the
computer. Type ? to get the definitions of the
controls.
To cancel a control (except for Load, Save, or
New), simply type any control letter instead of an
entry number.
Pressing RETURN will move you to the next
page. Type C to get the catalog. If any of your
entries are reversed, they will appear next to the
page number that they are on. The catalog can
show only ten listings at a time. If you have more
than ten reversed entries, push RETURN to get
the next ten reversed entries.
If you are not using a memory cartridge, 1
suggest that the variable N in line 1 be changed
from 309 to 109. This gives you only 11 pages to
work with. If you want more or fewer pages to
work with, then change this number by multiples
of 10 only. The program will work with any mem-
ory configuration.
10 N=309:X=(N+1)/10:DIMS$Cn):P=1;POKE3 687
9, 187
20 FORI=0TON:S$(I)="-":NEXT
3 0 PRINT" (clear) "
40 GOSUB590:IFA=0THENPRINT"f03 UP)":G0T04
0
50 ONAGOTO60,140,220,260,330,390,450,510,
5 50
60 K=0
70 Q=0:PRINT" {clear} {BLK} iREVlCATALOG :"?
T$:PRINT"PAGKIPUR} "
80 FORJ=KTON:IFASC(S$ C J ) )=18THEN:PRINTINT
( J/10 + 1),-S?(J) :Q=Q+1:IFQ>9THENG0T
0100
9 0 NEXTJ
100 IFJ>=NTHENGOTO40
110 PRINT" {down} I REVIHIT RETURN TO CONTINU
e{off} "
120 geta?:ifa$=""then 120
130 K=J+1:GOTO70
140 INPUT" {BLK} WHAT PAGE{ PUR} "; P? : P=VAL( P?
) :A?=P$:GOSUB610;IFA=0THEN160
150 GOTO40
160 IFP<1ORP>XTHENPRINT"{02 UP}":GOTO140
170 PRINT" (clear) ( REV } {BLk5pAGE"P ;T5 :PRINT
" {pur} ": fori =0TQ9:L={P-1)* 10+1: PR
INT" (left) "L;S?(L) : NEXT
180 GQSUB 590: IF A=0 THEN 200
190 GOTO 50
200 P=p+1:IF P>XTHENP=1
210 GOTO 170
220 INPUT" (BLK}ENTER#{pUR} " ; R$ :R=VAL( R? ) :A
?=R$:GOSUB610:IFA=0THEN240
2 30 GOTO40
240 IFR<0ORR>NTHEN PRINT" (02 Up}":GOTO220
250 INPUTS? (R) :GOTO170
260 INPUT" {BLK}INSERT#{PUR} " ; R5 : R=VAL( R? ) :
A$=R$:GOSUB610:IFA=0THEN280
270 GOTO40
280 IFR<0ORR>NTHEN PRINT" {02 UP}":GOTO260
2 90 PRINT" {elk} ENTRY {PUR3 ": INPUTD? : PRINT" (
BLK}INSERTING{pur}":IFR=NTHEN170
MovWSa COMPUTl! 211
300
310
320
3 30
3 40
3 50
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
FORI=RTON-1STEP2 :SA$ = S$ Cl + 1 ) : S$ (l+l )=S
? (I) : S$ (I )=D5 :D$=SA? :IFASC(D? )=45
THENGOTO320
NEXT
GOTO170
INPUT" {BLK]KILL which LINE# [pur] " ; R$ : R
=VAL(R$):A$=R$:GOSUB610tIFA=0THEN
3 50
GOTO40
IFR<0ORR>NTHENPRINT" {02 up) ":GOTO330
IFR=NTHEN380
F0RI=RT0N-1 : S$ ( I ) =S5 ( I +1 ) : NEXT
S$(N)="-":GOTO170
PRINT" {clear} [BLK) {revIsAVE TO TAPE":P
RINT" {dOWnIaRE you SURE (y/n)
GETA? ; IFA5=" "THEN400
IFA$="N"THEN170
OPENl, 1,1,T$: PRINT* 1,T$:FORI=0TON: PRIM
T#1,S5(I) : PRINT" tHOMEj "TaB(15); I:
NEXT:CL0SE1
PRINT" (10 D0WN}"T$" saved { down } {?UR} "
GOTO40
PRINT" {clear} {elk} {rEV}L0AD FROM TAPE"
: PRINT" {DOWN}aRE YOUR SURE (y/n)
GETA5:IFA$=""THEN460
IFA$="N"THEN170
OPENl ,1,0: INPUT#1 , T$ : FORI=0TON: INPUT* 1
,S${l) : PRINT" {home} "TAB(15 ) ; I :NEX
T:CL0SE1
PRINT" {06 down} {pur}"
GOTO40
PRINT" {down} {elk} {rEV}aRE YOU SURE (y/
N) {PUR] "
5 20 GETA$:IFA?=""THEN520
530 IFA$<>"Y"THEN170
540 PRINT"THE NEW FILE NAME" : INPUTT? :G0T02
0
550 PRINT" {clear} {rev} {BLK} CONTROL DEFINI
TIONS ": PRINT" { REV }C{ off} ATAL0G{
down} ": print" {rev3p{off}age NUMBE
r{down} "
560 print" {REV3e{0PF}nTER LINE{D0WN} ":PRIN
T" {rEV}i {OFFJnSERT LINE{D0WN] ":PR
int"{rev}k{off}ill line{down]"
570 PRINT" {rEV3s{0FF]AVE TO TAPE? DOWN} ": PR
INT" {REV}l{0FF}0AD FROM TAPE{doWN}"
:PRint" {rev3n{off3ew file{down} "
:PRINT" {REV}?[oFF} DEFINITIONS"
5 80 GOTO40
5 90 PRINT "{ DOWN] { BLK) { rev} C,P,E, I, K,S,L,N,
?{PUR]"
600 GETA?:IFA$=""THEN600
610 IFA?="C"THENA=1: RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
6 40
650
620 IFA$="P"THENA=2
630 IFA$="E"THENA=3
IFAS="I"THENA=4
IFA?="k"THENA=5
660 IFA$="S"THENA=6:RETURN
670 IFA$="L"THENA=7: RETURN
680 IFA$="N"THENA=8:RETURN
690 IFA?="?"THENA=9: RETURN
7 00 A=0: RETURN
yiMeTREK
OOP
JUL
Take Command!
> command of the USS Enterprise and turn your VIC :
) 0 Sfarship! As commander you must use all your skills i
protecting Federation limits from enemy ships. Maneuvering
your ship, firing its weapons - phasers, photons, and probes- and
maintaining its shields and power, require skill and experience,
but you have weapons analysis, scanning, and domage reports
to help out. This complex, fast-moving strategy game has 50 skill
levels and a (pseudo) real-time option.
ViC 20 with 1 6K f^/lemory Exponsion, cassette. On sale near
you or send check for $2 1.95 to:
VOYAGER SORWARE P.O. BOX 1126 BURUNGAME, CA 94010
Allow 2 1 Oays lor deln/ery California residenis add 6' >% soles lax
\l7l^afAjeA,cMeJ^
^A^cyplMrcMj^y
List HELPER"
Allows you to enter, edit, and sort lists by fields
which you define.
Stock HELPER
Using the Sunday paper, you can track and
analyze several stocks. Stock HELPER calculates
several popular technical analysis measures.
Check HELPER
Helps you balance your checkbook and provides
a limited double-enlry bookkeeping system.
Check HELPER produces a cassette or diskette
file acceptable by Tax HELPER for the 1983 Fed-
eral Income Tax
Available from your dealer for
Commodore VIC-20 and 64
Atari 400/800
(M)agreeable software, inc.
5925 fvlagnolia Lane • Plymouth. fvlN 55442
(612)559-1108
Computer names are generally tradernar ks of the Manulactunng Company
212 COMPim! Mov^^sa
SOFTWARE
SPECIALS
NEW!
CARTRIDGE GAMES
FROM TRONIX
SCORPION
$34.95
Full 4-way scrolling, fast action pre-
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With 32 levels of play.
GOLD FEVER .. $29.95
Explore a deadly mine searching for
valuable gold deposits. Avoid roam-
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a crazy claim jumper! With 9 levels
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From Interesting Software
Cassette $15,95
ALL
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^^%® CODE!
DEADLY SKIES
$29.95
Frenetic, fast paced, action-packed
game where you are the Rebel
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and deadly radioactive clouds! Over
10 levels of play.
- • ~ Bring the fun of the shooting
gallery into your home. With
music and colorful graphics.
CBM-64 & VIC-20 MINI-MONITOR
All machine code monitor which will
disassemble code, do text dump,
move memory, hex to decimal and
decimal to hex conversion as well as a
mini-assembler!
VIC-20 version requires 8K expansion.
Cassette $24.95
Disk $29.95
CREATIVE SOFTWARE
GAMES ON CARTRIDGE
CHOPLIFTER $39.95
SERPENTINE $39.95
APPLE PANIC $39.95
ASTROBLITZ $39.95
TRASHMAN $39.95
Stellar Triumph
Great new all machine code game for your
CBM-64. One or two player game with all the
arcade sound and graphics! Fantastic space war
game with many options.
From H.A.L. Labs ... tape or disk $24.95
$24.95
Dust Covers
Water resistant
Attractive brown canvas
$7.95
KIDS & THE VIC
Great new book to adid to your library.
only $14.95
INTERESTING SOFTWARE
21101 S. Harvard Blvd.. Torrance. CA 90501
(213) 328-9422
Vrsa MC Ctieck luloney Order Add S2.00 Postage & Handling
CA residents add appropriate sales tax Dealer Inquiries Invited
FORTHEVIC-20«
THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION IS COMING!
BE READY WITH A MASTERY OF THE COMPUTER KEYBOARD!
IN THE AGE OF THE COMPUTER, EVERYONE FROM THE SCHOOL CHILD TO THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD SHOULD
BE AT HOME AT THE COMPUTER KEYBOARD. THESE PROGRAMS PROVIDE EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO MASTER THE
KEYBOARD AND GAIN THE COMPETITIVE EDGE THIS BRINGS IN THE COMPUTER AGE.
* Rated THE BEST educational program for the VIC-20 by Creative Computing Magazine
* TYPING TXTTORPLXTS WORB INVADERS — $81.95
(2 programs on one cassette tape for the unexpanded VIC-20)
Typing Tutor plus Word Invaders makes learning the keyboard easy and fun! Typing Tutor teaches the keyboard in easy
steps. Word Invaders makes typing practice an entertaining game. Highly praised by customers: "Typing Tutor is great",
"Fantastic", "Excellent", "High Quality", "A source of great learning and joy for our children."
Customer comment says it all . . .
"... and it was everytfiing you advertised it would be. In three weeks, my 13 year old son, who had never typed before, was
typing 35 w.p.m. I had Improved my typing speed 15 w.p.m. and my husband was able to keep up with his college typing
class by practicing at tiome."
FOR THE COMMODORE 64®
SPRITE DESIGNER by Dr. Lee T. Hill — $16.95
Save hours of work when designing sprites. Helps you create multiple sprites, copy and alter them to create views from
different perspectives automatically for 3-D or animated effects. Options include: copy any of the previous sprites, reflec-
tion, rotation, translation, shearing, reverse image, merge & intersect. Saves sprite data for merge into your program,
SHIPPING AND HANDLING S1.00 PER ORDER. CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS ADD 6% SALES TAX.
VISA AND MASTERCARD ORDERS (VlUST INCLUDE FULL NAME AS SHOWN ON CARD, CARD NUMBER, AND EXPIRATION DATE.
FREECATALOGSENTWITH ORDER ANDON REQUEST
P.O. BOX 9403
SAN RAFAEL, CA 94912
dCADEmV
SOFTkl//1RE
(415)499-0850
Programmers. Write to our New Program Manager concerning any exceptional VIC-20 or 064 game orolher program you havedevelopedT
The Atari Musician
Barry Beltan
You'll be making music on your Atari in no time with
the help of these tivo programs. You can compute pitch
vahies to play major and minor chords, generate scales,
and even tune the computer so that you and Atari can
play duets.
COMPUTE! published an eye-opening article in
the February 1982 issue entitled "Transposition."
The author, Janet Whitehead, explained the
simple mathematical relationship between each
of the pitch values for the various musical notes
available in Atari BASIC. After she explained how
this could be put to use in musical transposition,
she challenged the reader to find further applica-
tions. Here is my crack at it.
Four-Note Chiords
The most commonly used chords are the four-note
major and minor chords. The four notes of any
chord can be defined by the first note of the chord
and the interval pattern for that particular type of
chord. The first (lowest pitch) note of the C-major
chord, for example, is a C. The second note of
any major chord is always located four half-steps,
or two whole steps, above the first. This gap be-
tween the notes is known as an interval.
A half-step interval can be found on the piano
by locating any two adjacent keys, such as C and
C sharp. It can also be found in the pitch table of
the Atari BASIC Manual by locating any two con-
secutive entries.
Since we know that the first interval of a major
chord is four half-steps, we determine the second
note in a C-major chord by counting up four half-
steps from C, arriving at E. The interval between
the first and third notes of a major chord is always
seven half-steps. If we again count upward from
C, we find that the third note of a C-major chord
is a G. The fourth note is always a 12 half-step
interval, or octave, above the first, which gives us
a C for our final note. Thus, the four notes of a C-
major chord are C-E-G-C. In a similar manner,
the four notes of an F-major chord are found to be
F-A-C-F.
Computing Pitch Values
At this point, let's summarize the previous article.
Basically, the author pointed out that the pitch
values for any two adjacent notes in the pitch
table are related in the same way that the fre-
21(1 ctmfvm Movi983
quencies for those two notes are. Namely, they
differ by a constant factor of M = 2*('/i2) for each
half-step interval. Two half-steps would involve a
factor of M squared, three half-steps a factor of M
cubed, and so forth.
Therefore, to compute the pitch value of the
second note of a major chord, multiply the first
value by M raised to the fourth power. To compute
the third pitch, multiply the first by M to the
seventh power, and to compute the fourth, multi-
ply the first pitch by M to the twelfth power, which
is just two. This procedure will result in pitch
values for any major chord, regardless of the starting
value. The only limitation is that we are restricted
to eight bits in which to specify a pitch, which
gives us a range from zero to 255 to work with.
If we continue with our example of the C-
major chord, we start with a pitch value of 121 for
middle C and proceed to compute the rest of the
chord as follows:
C = 121
E = 121/(2'(4/12)) = 96
G = 121/(2" (7/12») = 81
C = 121/2 = 60
Program 1 is a demonstration which puts all
of this information together. This program allows
you to select a starting pitch and play either a
major or minor chord built upon the selected low
note. The desired chord will then be played for a
few seconds.
Scales, Chords, And Duets
If you prefer, you can generate scales using a simi-
lar technique. Program 2 allows you to play a
major, minor, or chromatic scale of one octave,
given a starting pitch. All major scales consist of
eight notes and have the following interval pat-
tern: whole-step, whole-step, half-step, whole-
step, whole-step, whole-step, and half-step.
Minor scales also have eight notes, but they differ
from major scales in that the third and sixth notes
are each dropped down a half-step. A chromatic
scale includes every half-step in an octave, which
results in 13 notes.
When a song is transposed it simply means
that you are playing the same tune, but starting it
on a different note. To do this, multiply (or divide)
the variable used to hold the pitch values of the
song by a constant of your choice.
Do you have a program which plays a few
random notes? Perhaps it would sound better to
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Atari 400(16K) >225.00
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Key
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Afa/iy more tilles Qvaiiobte-
We also corry a juf} tine o/
Appie Softixare.
play random chords instead. Once you have
selected your random low note, use the previously
mentioned techniques to generate the other notes.
Have you tried to play piano along with your
Atari? If so, you may have found that they were
not quite in tune with each other. It could be ex-
pensive to tune your piano, so tune vour computer
instead. Find a pitch value that sounds in tune
with middle C on your piano (or other instru-
ment). Then divide by M repeatediv to generate
pitch values for higher notes, and multiply bv M
to compute the lower notes. Remember, your
pitch values must stay in the range from zero to
255. Now use the table you have generated to
replace the one given in the Atari BASIC Manual.
You can start playing duets with vour Atari.
Program 1: Major And Minor Chords
10 DIM D (3)
20 D ( 1 >=1 , 25992103
30 D<2)=1 . 1B92071
40 D<3> =1 . 49830706
50 PRINT •■ ENTER PITCH
F CHORD" ; : INPUT X 1
60 IF Xl>255 THEN 50
70 PRINT " ENTER 1 FOR
R MINOR"; : INPUT Y
80 X2=X1/D(Y)
90 X3=X1/D(3)
100 X4=Xl/2
110 BOUND 0. XI , 10, 10:SDUND 1
2, X3, 10, 10: SOUND
OF ^OW NOTE 0 I
MAJOR OR 2 FO
120
130
140
BOUND 0,
0:SOUND
, 10
FOR X=l
FOR X=0
X
STOP
X2, 10, 1
3, X4, 10
TO
TO
1000:NEXT
3:S0UND X,
0, 0: NEXT
Program 2: Scale Generation
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
B0
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
200
210
220
230
240
500
510
520
530
IM D (2
< 1 ) =1 .
<2) =1 .
RINT "
SCALE
F X >25
RINT "
I NOR, "
"; : INP
F Y = 3
OSUB 5
= X/D ( 1
X=X/D (
IF Y = 2
X=X/D (
X = X/D i
X = X/D <
IF Y = 2
X=X/D (
X = X/D <
STOP
SOSUB
FOR 1 =
X=X/D<
NEXT I
STOP
SOUND
FOR Z =
SOUND
RETURN
)
12246203
0S94630B
ENTER PITCH OF LOW NOTE 0
" ; : INPUT X
5 THEN 40
ENTER 1 FOR MAJOR, 2 FOR
: PRINT " OR 3 FDR CHROMATI
UT Y
THEN 200
00
) : GOSUB 500
Y) :BOSUB 500
THEN X=X/D(2)
2) : GOSUB 500
1 ) : BOSUB 500
Y) : GOSUB 500
THEN X=X/D(2>
1 ) : GOSUB 500
2) ; GOSUB 500
500
1 TO 12
2) : GOSUB
500
0, X, 10, 10
1 TO 200:NEXT
0,0,0,0
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PROGRAMMING THE Tl
C Regeno
GRAPHICS
"Graphics" or drawing pictures on the TI can be a
lot of fun, and using graphics in your programs
can really enhance them. The TI has 16 colors,
and all 16 colors may be used at the same time on
the screen, even with high-resolution graphics.
Later in this column, I will discuss user-defined
graphics characters.
Video-Graphs
First, let's briefly review the TI Video-Graphs
command module, since using the command mod-
ule is an easy way to see graphics on theTI without
actually programming. You may see different
random color patterns, or you may draw pictures
on the screen using the arrow keys and a few
function keys. You may save or load a picture on
cassette tape.
Because Video-Graphs was one of the first
command modules produced by TI, the manual
you get with your module may be written for the
XI-99/4 console. There are some changes that are
necessary for the module to work with the TI-99/
4A console. (By the way, if you have the TI-99/4
console, be sure to use the overlay that comes
with the module or ask Texas Instruments to send
you an overlay. The overlay has all the colors and
commands so you don't need to keep referring to
the manual.)
Make these changes for the TI-99/4A console.
Instead of pressing ENTER, press the period key
to return to the activity selection list. You will also
need to press the period instead of zero to return
to the main index lists. The comma key represents
the color GRAY. To save a picture or to get to the
TAPE options, press the semicolon key. To change
colors, use the virgule/slash key.
The "Patterns" option presents three different
random graphics demonstrations. STOP a picture
by pressing N. You can't change colors while a
picture is stopped. To restart the picture, press 6.
While a pattern is going, you may change colors.
Let's say you are looking at pulsing lights and
want to change all the white sc]uares to magenta.
Press/ then M thenO.
218 COMPI/ni Mov«83
The "Pictures" option presents four different
ways you can draw on the computer. Mosaic and
Sketchpad are like using a pen directed by the
arrow keys. Color Life is designed to be like the
venerable computer game "Life," which repli-
cates cells according to strict rules. Building Blocks
has several shapes at the bottom of the screen.
You may move the cursor to the shape yeiu want
for your picture, then press Y for the pen and
move the shape up to your picture. Again, you
may change colors by pressing / followed by the
present color and then the color desired.
Programming Your Own Graptiics
Think of the screen on your monitor or television
set as a rectangle divided up into 24 rows and 32
columns. To graphically place a character on the
screen, you specify the row number, the column
number, and the character number - the ASCII
code number of the character you desire. You
may also specify a number of repetitions. CALL
HC'HAR(8,5,657) will start in row 8 and column 5
and draw character number 65, which is the letter
A, seven times horizontally. CALL VCHAR(12,
14,66,9) will draw the letter B nine times verhcally,
starting in row 12 and column 14.
If you don't want to draw a picture using A's
and B's or the other letters and symbols available,
you can define your own high-resolution charac-
ters. Each square in the 24 x 32 rectangle can be
divided up into an 8 x 8 square, and each dot in
that 8x8 square can be turned on or off- colored
in or not. By specifying with code numbers which
dots you want on and which you want off, you
can define your own graphics character and then
place it on the screen.
Here is an example. I want to draw a small
triangle. The dots in the 8x8 square are colored
in. The next step is to divide the square in half so
that there are columns of four scjuares on each
side. Now, working left to right and downward,
figure out the hex code for each pattern of four
squares. In the first row, 0000 is 0 and 0001 is 1 . In
the second row 0000 is 0 and 001 1 is 3. Continue
down the rows. The code is 0103070F1F3F7FFF.
In your program, you can define the character
with a CALL CHAR statement, then place the
character on the screen:
200 CALL CHAR(128,"0103070F1F3F7FFF")
210 CALL HCHAR(12,15,128)
Line 200 defines character number 128 to be the
colored-in triangle, and line 210 places that char-
acter on the screen. You may either redefine one
of the existing characters (numbers 32 through
127) or use numbers from 128 to 159. If I had re-
defined the letter A (character 65), every time I
print A on the screen you would see a triangle
instead of an A.
200 CALL CHAR(65,"0103070F1F3F7FFF")
210 PRINT "A CAT"
220 GOTO 220
Program 1, "Defining Characters," allows you to
design a graphics character. You will see a large
square which has been divided up into an 8 x 8
square. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor.
Press F if you want the space filled in; press the
SPACE BAR if you don't. Press ENTER when you
are finished with your character. The computer
will go through to compare the patterns of on and
off dots and will print the code values, then an
actual-size character will be placed on the screen
so you can see what your character looks like.
The definition is then repeated in a string form
so you may copy it and use it in your own
programs.
After the character is defined, you have the
option of modifying it, defining a new character,
or ending the program. If you choose to modify
it, the character will reappear, and you may alter
it in any way you wish.
Character 97, "a", is defined as an open
square □, and Character 98, "b", is defined as a
filled square ■ (lines 200-210). When the 8x8
square is drawn on the screen, it is done by print-
ing "aaaaaaaa" eight times (lines 420-440).
The hex codes are read in as data (lines 120-
170). H$(1, 1) is the pattern of blank or filled
squares, and there are 16 patterns. H$(I,2) is the
corresponding hex code number or letter. The
flashing cursor is red so you can tell where you
are on the pattern you are designing (lines 180-
190). CALL GCHAR(X,Y,C) determines what
character number C is at row X and column Y.
Program 2, "Bull," is a
graphics demonstration program
that illustrates user-defined,
high-resolution graphics. Lines
130 to 340 define graphics
characters. Lines 350-460 draw '^
the bull's head on the screen by printing redefined
characters. Lines 470-530 place more graphics
characters on the screen. (George H. Sunada of
Logan, Utah, was the artist of the original Utah
State University "Aggie bull.")
A later column will discuss how to use the
CALL COLOR statement and how^ to plan color
sets.
Program 1: Defining Characters
100
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
3 30
3 4 0
350
360
37 0
3B0
390
400
4 10
420
4 30
440
4 50
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
REM
DIM
FDR
READ
NEXT
DATA
, ab a
B ^ 8 ■
DATA
, bbb
CALL
CALL
)
CALL
CALL
CALL
PRIN
ER"
PRIN
RE"
PRIN
RE"
PRIN
PRIN
D" : :
IF <
FOR
FDR
IF S
NEXT
C* = H
PRIN
FOR
IF S
0
NEXT
C* = H
PRIN
NEXT
GOTO
FOR
PRIN
NEXT
X = 16
Y = 6
CALL
CALL
CALL
CALL
CALL
IF S
DEFINING CHARACTERS
H* < 15, 2>
1=0 TO 15
H* ( I , 1 ) . H« C I . 2)
I
saAa , 0 , aaab, 1 , aab
a, 4, abab.5. abba, 6,
baab , 9
baba,A,babb,B.bba
a, E, bbbb . F
COLOR (13.9,1)
CHAR ( 123, "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
a , 2 , a a b b , 3
abbb,7,baa
I a , C , bb ab , D
CHAR <97. "FFBISISI
CHAR (98, "FFFFFFFF
CLEAR
T "DEFINE A GRAPHI
T : "PRESS F TO FI L
T "PRESS SPACE TO
T "PRESS ARROW KEY
T : "PRESS ENTER WH
818181FF" )
FFFFFFFF" )
CS CHARACT
L THE SOUA
CLEAR SDUA
S TO MOVE"
EN FINISHE
K-50) + ( K=0) THEN 420
1=1 TO 15 STEP 2
L=0 TO 15
EG* ( D*, I , 1 ) =Ht (L, 2) THEN 330
L
* (L, : )
T "t3 spaces: ";C*;
L=0 TO 15
EG* (D*, I + l , 1 ) =H* <L, 2> THEN 33
L
t f L, 1 )
T C*
I
450
1=1 TO 8
T " <.Z SPACES>aaaaaaaa"
I
SOUND (150, 1397, 2>
GCHAR ( X , Y, C)
K E Y ( 0 , K , S )
HCHAR ( X, Y, 128)
HCHAR ( X, Y, C)
:& THEN 490
Mav1W3 COMPUTI! 21P
530 IF K=13 THEN 76f3 003C4582 , 000 610304 08 1 020E . 7FC
540 IF K=7a THEN 740 130 DATA C0303F080402, 00008768 1 0 1 008
550 IF K=32 THEN 720 , 00009060 1 2473S0 4 , 00040^07030303
560 IF K<>6S THEN 600 07 , 000000008 0C0E0F , E0F FFFFFFFFFF
570 IF Y=13 THEN 470 FFF
580 Y=Y+1 190 DATA 0 1 02F FFEFFFFF AFC . 054 89020C0
590 BDTO 480 8 . 000003030 1 I 1 0E , 00a080000CF 3 , 07
600 IF K<:;33 THEN 640 0F3F 2F 2T 1 D06 02 . F 0FCFFFFFF F F 1 F0D
610 IF X=2Z THEN 470 200 DATA 0000F FFFFFFFFFFFF , 0F 1 FFFFFF
620 X=X+1 FFFFFFF, FCFCFCFCFCFCFCFC. 7F7F7F3
630 GOTO 430 F 1 F 1 F2F2 , FFF FFFFFFCF0C . FCF9F A0D
640 IF K<>8:. THEN 680 210 DATA 7080384483 10202 1,03300 10204
650 IF Y=6 THEN 470 040402 , 4 3SC30404 08 1 3232 , 0E 1 66EBF
660 Y-Y-1 7E, FFFFFFFF0 F0301 , F8F0F0E0C08
670 GOTO 480 220 DATA 0000000 1 06040E0F , 20204 1 8307
^^^!. l^ ^['■''^'^-^.^'^.^A'^J^ 1F7FFF, 008000a0BCFFFFFF. 0000806A
690 IF )( = 16 THEN 470
7FFFFFFF.2224455EFFFEFFFE
700 X-X 1 230 DATA 0 1 FD0379e5030 1 00 , 84B42424 24
710 GOTO 430 1C0101 . 0C0S3040809020C, 0080707C3
720 CALL HCHAR(X,Y,97) ^3^ j P ^ ^ ^ ^^^^j g, ^ j, 3^3^^^^^
730 GOTO 470
740 CALL HCHAR ( X , Y, 98)
750 GOTO 470
760 CALL SOUND ( 150, 440, 2)
7 7 0 0*=""
780 FDR 1=1 TO 8
7 9 0 C « = " ■'
300 FDR J=6 TO 9
ai0 CALL GCHAR ( I +15, J , C3
820 C* = C*!(CHR* <C)
830 NEXT J
940 GDSUB 1050
850 CALL HCHAR ( 1 + 15, 1 6 . ASC < 01 * 1 )
360 D« = D*SiDl*
870 C%=""
88 0 FDR J=10 TO 13
890 CALL GCHAR ( 1+15, J , C)
900 C* = C«?<CHR*(C) 439413,204040303, 7F7F3F3F3F1F1F0
240 DATA 3B300E8! 406, 000000S0C020100
C,1F1F3F3F7F7F797,FFFFFFFFFFFCFA
FD, FEFFFCFCFB58810B, 74 9C200SA8F8
FCFC
250 DATA 804040402020401003, 1F0F0F0F
070707E7,070 30 1,FFFFFF7F,F4E9CB3
30F070707, 1 7FFFFF9FDFCFEFE
260 DATA 0F00031SFCFCFCFC, F8C8070060
906,38DS90 137C94E407,FFFFFFFEF09
0909, FFFFFF7F3F1F272, FFF FFFFFFFF
CF3
270 DATA 0303030301010101 . 7F7F7DF8E0
FFFFFF, 07 070301010 10303, FFFFFFCF
CFCEFCFl , 9090A0A06040C09, 202020
202020202
280 DATA FEFCF8F0E0C0C091 , 1010202040
9 10 NEXT
920 GOJUB 1050
F,FCFSF0E0E0E6FFFF,00 00 1F2 05F34C
7E
930 CALL HCHAR (1+15, 17, ASC(Di«) ) -'^' DATA 0404a484a0C0F3FF , 00000000C0
940 D« = D*S<D1* 20101 , 1202020204040308, 0F0F07070
950 NEXT I 70737C7, FFFFFFB3S080F0FF, E0E0C08
960 CALL CHAR(136,D*) 000003FFF
970 CALL HCHARC'® -^0 136) 300 DATA 7F7F7F3E 1 C0080F , 303000 1 3 1 C 1
980 PRINT : ■■DEFINiTIDN'"= " : D* E3F7E , 1 0 1 0202040808038 , FFFF3F3F3
990 PRINT :: "PRESS 1 TD MODIFY" F3F 1 F 1 F , FEFE FEFCF0F 2F 1 F , 0F0F , FF7
1000 PRINT "<:6 SPACES] 2 TO START OVE F,FFF3
R" 310 DATA F0E, 0730402018050381 . 00E040
1010 PRINT "{6 SPACES] 3 TO END PROGR 808 , 42 22 1 20A06020 1 0 1 . 86463A0 1 , 80
AM" ; 00000003050505, 000003FC, 408
1020 CALL KEY<0,K,S) 320 DATA 080903 10 10 10202,08080404040
1030 IF (K=49) + (K=S0) THEN 220 40404 , 000000S04020 1 0 1 , 000007080 A
1040 IF K=51 THEN 1110 ELSE 1020 0A04 , 0333428003 1 0204 . 0E70800 1 020
1050 FOR L=0 TD 15 C106
1060 IF C$=H* (L, 1 ) THEN 1090 330 DATA 30004020 10 10102.80010200808
1070 NEXT L 0800, A0100F , 0001 063BC, 8030407307
1080 L=L-1 , . 4040S030S0S030B , 308080S0BE51 3E2
1090 D1*=H*(L,2) 340 dajA 000007182020404,00002010000
1100 RETURN 00001
1110 PRINT :: 350 pRINT TAB(6);"#* ■/.?<'()« +,"
1120 END 3,5,0 PRIMT TAB(6);"!-./ 0123456"
370 PRINT TAB (6) : "789: ;< =>i?"
Program 2: Graphics Demonstration
380 PRINT TAB <S) : "S)ABCDE FGHIJK"
120 CALL CLEAR 390 PRINT T AB < 5 ) ; " L I 1 MNOP f 3 SPACES>D
130 FOR C = 33 TO 140 ! ! 5 , "
140 READ C* 400 PRINT TAB <6) ; "RSTU I VWX#YZ CS"
150 CALL CHAR(C,C*> 410 PRINT TAB(S);"\':6 " _ ' a "
160 NEXT C 420 PRINT TAB(9):".'I6 \bcd"
170 DATA FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, , 0001070F1 430 PRINT T AB ( 9 ) ; " e ! -f gh i j "
F3F7F7F, 40C08000000080S. 00000000 440 PRINT T AB < 9 > ; " t? ' 1 mn op "
220 COMPUTE! Mov1983
0 p
0 p
0 F
0 R
Ct C
0 N
0 D
52
20,
0 D
10,
-.0 D
54
1 . 1
0 G
0 E
RIN
RIN
OR
EAD
ALL
EXT
ATA
1 ,2
20,
126
ATA
9, 1
20,
134
ATA
19,
39.
,32
OTD
ND
T TAB ( 10) ; "q ! I ! r "
T TAB ( 1 0) ; "5 tLiv " : : : : ;
1=1 TO 25
X , Y , C
HCHAR ( X , Y, C)
I
18, 17, 117, 18, IB, 120, 19, 17, 1
0, la, 122, 19, IB, 123, 20, 19, 124
20, 125, 1
18, 20, 127, 17, 20, 128, 17, 19, 1
8, 11 , 130, IS, 10, 131, 19, 11, 132
11,125,2
19, 10, 13 3, 20, 9, 135, 20, 8, 136
a, 137, 18.8. 138. 17, 8, 139, 17. 9
17, 10, 14
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Visiting The
VIC-20 Video
Jim Butterfield, Associate Editor
hi zvhidi llic trnzvler discovers a new way ofvieiviug
the computer's memory: through a video chip. This is
the first of a multi-part scries about the structure and
uses of the VIC's video chip.
If we want to put the VIC-20 video chip to work,
we must learn to see things from its standpoint. It
sees the computer memory in a way that differs
significantly from the way the processor chip sees
it. Let's look at what the video chip sees:
Video
Chip
Block
Number
^,v^ V
/ f -^^ ft
/ Ucj U ^(,
I RAM /
ihfiM
3481(1
Memory
Address
How the video chip sees memory.
The video chip sees only the memory shown
above. Even if you have expanded your computer
222 COMPUIH May 1963
to include lots of extra RAM above address 8191,
the chip can't see it. The chip sees onlv the char-
acter ROM, in blocks 0, 1, 2, and 3; and the lowest
8K of RAM (in blocks 8 to 15). Blocks 4, 5, 6, and 7
would look at the Input/Output area, but take my
advice: don't do it - no good will come from these
addresses.
What The Chip Wants
The video chip wants to dig out two things from
memory and deliver them to the screen. It wants
to look at "screen memory" - usually the charac-
ters you have typed. On a minimum 5K VIC, that's
block 15.5, which corresponds to decimal address
7680 or hexadecimal lEOO. Did I mention that for
screen memory, we can look at "half blocks"? It
makes sense, since only five hundred odd charac-
ters are needed to fill the screen.
By the way, the official name for screen mem-
ory is the "video matrix." Whatever you call it, if
you POKE 7680,1 on an unexpanded VIC, you'll
see the letter A appear at the start of the screen.
Unless, of course, you're printing white on white,
in which case you need very good vision to see it.
The second thing that the chip wants from
memory is the "character set" - instructions on
how to draw each character on the screen. On a
typical VIC, this will be either block 0 for the
graphics character set or block 2 for the text mode
(upper- and lowercase). You can change it, but
you'll usually want to stay with even numbers: a
full character set including the reversed characters
takes up 2048 bytes of memory.
The official name for the character set is
"Character Cells," although the term "Character
Base" is coming into use. Whatever you call it,
you can't POKE 32768,55 and expect anything to
happen - the standard characters are in ROM and
cannot be changed. They're carved in stone, or
silicon, to be more exact. If you want to switch to
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custom characters, you'll need to stage them in
RAM and tell the chip which block to take them
from.
There's a third thing that the chip uses, but it
doesn't come from regular memory in the usual
way. That's the screen colors (the "Color Matrix").
This color information for each character comes
through the back door, so to speak, and we won't
worry about the details too much here. When we
need to, we'll .set the color and assume everything
will work.
Architecture
Looking at the diagram, we can begin to see whv
the VIC does its odd screen switch when you add
memory, hi the 5K VIC, the screen sits at the top
of memory - and that's the highest address that
the video chip can see (block 15.5). If we add 3K
RAM expansion, the screen can stay where it is
above the BASIC RAM area. But if we add 8K or
more, the video chip can't see that high, and the
screen memory must flip down to the bottom
where it won't get in the way of your BASIC
program. Which bottom, vou may ask? It turns
out to be block 12, which is memory address 4096
or hexadecimal 1000, even if the 3K expansion is
in place.
You can move this around yourself, of course,
and we'll be doing that in just a few moments.
The trick is mostly location 36869, which con-
tains instructions on which blocks to use for screen
and characters. We do it this way: select which
blocks you want for each. Now, multiply the
screen block (not including the .5 if you're using
it) by 16 and add the character block. POKE the
result into 36869, and the job's done. We'll need
to do a couple of other things for sanity's sake,
but that's the main job.
The "half page" for the screen memory goes
into location 36866; you invoke it by adding 128 to
the "column count" if you want to go the extra
distance. That means that under normal cir-
cumstances (22 columns), you want to POKE
36866,22 for an exact block number, and POKE
36866,150 to nudge to the extra half page.
An Adventure
Let's do something useless, but fun. We'll move
the screen memory down to address zero (that's
block 8). We can't play with this area - too many
important things are happening there - but we
can watch interesting things in progress, like the
timer and the cursor doing their peculiar things.
First, the calculation. We want the character
set to stay the way it is (block 0 for graphics), and
we want to move the screen memory to block 8.
Eight times \6 plus zero gives 128. No half block,
so 36866 should be 22.
A preliminary step: let's make sure that we
22^ COMPUH! May 1983
don't print white-on-white by clearing the screen
and typing:
FOR J = 37888 TO 38911 :POKE J,0:NEXT J
Ready? Here goes: enter POKE
36869,128:POKE 36866,22. Press RETURN. No,
we haven't crashed, but we'll have to type blind
from now on.
First, examine the fascinating busy things
that are under way. The timer is working away in
three bytes. At first glance, only one byte seems
to be changing. The cursor flash is being logged
and timed somewhat below. And if you start
typing, you'll see a whole new series of working
values coming into plav. Indeed, if vou can type
blind, you might try PRINT 1234 + 5678 and watch
the flurry of activity.
If vou type a lot, the screen will start to scroll,
and the display will start to vanish as the colors
are rolled off the top.
Restore everything to normal by holding
down RUN/STOP and'tapping the RESTORE key.
This has been a first exploration, but vou
may feel that you understand better what the
video chip is up to. Indeed, you may feel that vou
have gained some measure of control.
There's much more to be learned. This is a
start.
Copyright e 19S3 jiui BuHcrfield ©
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Authors: COMPUTE! Magazine v /ntroducrion
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COMPUH! 1983
Part II:
COLOR COMPUTER
GENERAL- PURPOSE
DATA BASE
Jeffrey S Yohay
This concludes a two-part tutorial and model program
for creating data bases on the TII99-4A ami TRS-SO
Color Computer. The model program is called "Video
Movie Data Base Program" (VMDP), because it was
designed to catalog and manage a collection of movies
on videotape. Here the author discusses screen dis-
plays and program structure, and presents tlie data
base program itself. The Color Computer program re-
quires 16K RAM memory and Extended BASIC.
Before utilizing this data base manager, there are a
few more details to explore. We'll pick up where
we left off in March with a discussion of how to
add new records.
Adding A Record
When you add a new record, the "add record"
routine of the VMDP will prompt you for all of
the information necessary to fill the 17 fields. Since
the field lengths are all fixed (see Table 1), the
"add record" routine will also display a left arrow
at the point where the length of the input will
match the length of the field.
If you write over this arrow while answering
an input prompt, your answer will be too big to
fit into the field being filled. You should then back-
space and start over, using abbreviations where
possible. If you don't, your input will be larger
than the field size and will be truncated. If your
input is smaller than the field size, the field will
be filled with blanks to keep the field {and the
record) size constant.
Note that vour answer to a field input ques-
tion will be displayed (in its final length) after you
press ENTER; so if your answer was truncated,
226 COMPUTE! MOV 1983
you'll see it on the screen immediately. You'll
have to delete and reenter the record if the trun-
cated data isn't correct.
As I mentioned before, several of the fields
contain a code that can be expanded by the VMDP
into usable information. The "type of movie"
field is a two-byte code that describes the movie;
the code can be any of the following:
CO - Comedy (or any light drama)
DR- Drama (a good death scene qualifies)
HI - History (war movies, costume dramas,
etc.)
HO Horror (Bela and Boris, or "Halloween
XXIII")
MU- Musical (that's entertainment!)
MY- Mystery (from my favorite director, 1
presume)
The "commercials" field is a one-byte code that
describes how you dealt with commercials when
you recorded the movie:
N - None (a pre-recorded tape, or a movie
broadcast on non-commercial television)
E - Edited (you removed them)
F - Few (you tried for an "E" but fell asleep!)
M - Many (you deleted a few, then decided it
wasn't worth the effort)
A - All (you weren't home, or you just got
lazy)
And finally, the "recording speed" field will vary
depending on the video format of your VCR. VHS
owners will put an S, L or E in this field, for SP,
LP or EP recording speed. Beta owners will use 1,
2 or 3 in this field, for Beta 1, Beta II, or Beta III
recording speed. Beta owners might also want to
change line 490 of the "add record" routine from
"SPEED (S,L,E)" to "SPEED (1,2,3)" and line 250
of the "display full-data" routine from "P VIEW
TIME: " to "bViEW TIME: ".
The rest of the fields are self-explanatory.
You may have to do some thinking to fit a par-
ticularly long name into the "title," "director," or
"actor/actress" fields, but that shouldn't happen
often (unless you haye a lot of movies like Abbotl
and Costello Meet Dr. jekyll and Mr. Hyde).
And filling the "approximate viewing time"
memory locations in RAM will cause them to ap-
pear on the screen in reverse video. Just add 1024
to the desired "PRINT (a " screen location to get
the correct memory address for the POKE.
I have included some "screen prints" of the
VMDP's main text screen displays: Figure 1 is the
main menu. Figure 2 is a sample full-data output
for a particular movie, and Figure 3 is a sample
titles-only movie display. These figures will give
you a good idea of how the VMDP displays will
look on your screen.
It's designed to display
as mucli information
in as little space
as possible.
and "approximate time remaining" fields will
require some extra effort on your part. You'll need
to make a chart of your VCR's counter number
vs. recording time, or buy one of the commercially
available ones (if there is one for your machine).
Note that if the movie is the last one on a particular
videotape, you can answer "EOT" (end-of-tape)
to the "time remaining" question instead of cal-
culating the few minutes remaining.
Text Screen Displays
The text screen of the Color Computer consists of
512 bytes of RAM at memory locations 1024-1535.
This allows for 16 lines of 32 characters, or 512
characters total.
It takes a lot of planning to use this text screen
properly, since the small number of characters
doesn't allow you to display very much informa-
tion at once. So 1 designed the text screens of the
VMDP to display as much information in as little
space as I could. I also made ample use of the
reverse video feature of the text screen (green
letters on a black background instead of the usual
black letters on a green background) to highlight
various portions of the screen. Since lowercase
letters are displayed in reverse video, you'll see a
lot of PRINT output in lowercase in the program
listing.
You might also notice a lot of POKEs into the
text screen memory area. Since there is no way to
PRINT spaces or special characters (colon, comma,
period, etc.) in reverse video, I wondered how I
could do the highlighting I had in mind. Luckily,
I discovered from the TRS-80 Color Computer Tech-
nical Reference Manual that POKEing the ASCII
value of these characters directly into the video
■> Memory Requirements
The program itself is 5211 bytes long, leaving
ample room for movie data: lip to 60 movie records
in a 16K computer, and up to 180 in a 32K com-
puter. But this storage is available only if you don't
reserve any RAM for graphics (which the VMDP
doesn't need anyway). This means not reserving
even one graphics page (1536 bytes). Since the
Color Computer does not have a "PCLEAR 0"
command to clear all the graphics memory for
programs and data, you'll have to do it yourself.
Before loading the program, type in the line:
POKE 25,6: NEW <ENTER>
This does the same thing as the missing "PCLEAR
0" command. Then load and run the VMDP. If
you forget to clear the graphics memory, the
VMDP will remind you by generating an OM
(Out of Memory) error in line 40 when it tries to
CLEAR the string space for the movie record
array.
Note that I use a POKE to test for a 32K
machine (line 40), then CLEAR the appropriate
amount of string space for the available RAM. 1
can do this because memory location 16384
(16K + 1) will be 255 in a 16K computer (since it
doesn't really exist), but will contain whatever
you POKE into it in a 32K machine.
Program Structure
Table 2 shows the structure of the VMDP, and
Table 3 is a list of the program variables.
Line 40 reserves RAM for movie record stor-
age as described before. Lines 50-80 display the
main menu of program options and get the desired
option from a two-character command. To check
for a correct response and then run the desired
subroutine, I used a technique to truncate every
answer to one size and then compare it to a string
of all the correct answers (CCS) that I previously
defined.
Lines 120-200 are global subroutines, i.e., sub-
routines called from various places in the program.
Lines 240-360 are the display routines, including
"full-data" and "titles-only" displays of movie
data as well as the "search and display" of a par-
ticular movie.
Mqv 1983 COMPUTE! ?27
Lines 400-430 repeat the "full-data" and
"titles-only" displays for a printer. Here is where
you might want to use your own imagination to
customize the program. Though I have a very
capable printer (the NEC 8023), I hesitated to use
any of its special features in these routines in order
to keep the VMDP as general as possible. So feel
free to add the control codes for your printer to
enhance the printed output in any way you want.
Lines 470-560 perform the "add record" and
"delete record" functions. The "add record" func-
tion will prompt you for all the data necessary to
build a movie record. The "delete record" function
will just find and delete an existing movie record.
Note that there is no way to edit an existing record
to change only one or more fields. I felt this would
require too much memory to implement, and I
wanted to keep the VMDP as small as possible to
leave ample room for movie data in a 16K
machine.
Lines 600-690 are the sort routines. Using a
Shell-Metzger sorting algorithm, I provided three
sort routines (with many of the required program
lines shared by all three) to sort the movie
records:
1. Alphabetically by title.
2. Alphabetically by type and, within types,
by title.
3. Numerically by videotape number and,
within videotapes, numerically by VCR
counter number.
You can sort the movie records whenever you
want before displaying or printing the movie
data.
And finally, lines 730-770 perform all cassette
I/O operations to load and save movie data files.
Program 1: color computer Version
40
50
Table 1
: VMDP Record Format
Position
Length
In Record
In Bytes
28
Information
Title of movie
1-28
29-32
4
Year of release
33-48
16
Director
49-64
16
Actor/Actress
65-80
16
Actor/ Actress
81-96
16
Actor/ Actress
97-98
2
Type of movie (code)
99-100
2
Videotape number
101-104
4
Start of movie (VCR counter number)
105-108
4
End of movie (VCR counter number)
109
1
Reserved for future use (now "/")
110
1
Recording speed (code)
111-113
3
Approximate viewing time of movie
114-116
3
Approximate time remaining on tape
117
1
Reserved for future use (now "/")
118-123
6
Date recorded
124-125
2
Channel
126
1
Color?
127
1
Commercials (code)
P0KE16 3B4, 0; IFPEEK ( 165B4X >OTHENCL
EARS 132: DIMR* ( 60 > ELSECLEAR24396 : DI
MR* i ISO)
CC*="DA DT DS PA PT AD DE SM ST SN
LO SA '■ : CLS:PRINT39, "EmHEDIiai SE
Table 2: VMDP structure
Line No.
Function
40
Tests for memory size and CLEAR space for data
50-80
Display main menu and get command
120-130
Expand type of movie code (subroutine)
140-180
Assign data fields to variables (subroutine)
190-200
Search for a movie record (subroutine)
240-280
Display full data for all movies
290-330
Display titles only for all movies
340
Searches and displays full data for any movie
350-360
Display subroutines
400-420
Print full data for all movies
430
Prints titles only for all movies
470-550
Add record for new movie
560
Deletes record of an existing movie
600-690
Sort movies by title, type, or videotape
730-740
Load data file
750
Saves data file
760-770
Load/Save subroutine
Table 3:
VMDP Variables
A$
Answer to question
A1$,A2$,A3$
Actor/ Actress #1, #2, #3
C,C$,CC$
Main Menu command variables
CHS
Channel
CLS
Color?
CMS
Commercials code
CNS
VCR counter numbers
DI$
Director
DT$
Date recorded
F$
Data file name
1,11,12
Loop counters
11,12,13,14
Shell-Metzger sort cou nters
IL,IO,IP
Line and page counters for display and print
IR
Number of records counter
K$
Input from keyboard
L
Add Record field length
MP
Maximum number of pages in titles-only
display
N
Shel 1-Metzger sort variable
Q,Q$
Add Record field input question variables
R$,RS()
Individual movie record and movie record
array
RP
Add Record input field location in movie
record
S
Add Record field input question screen
location
S$
Print output spacing variable
SP$
Recording speed code
T$
Title to search for to display or delete
TN$
Videotape number
TY$
Type of movie code
VR$,VT$
Remaining time on tape and viewing time of
movie
X$,X1$,X2$
Subroutine call variables
w
Loop Variable to pause program
228 COMPUni May 1983
BIIl"iP0KE1042,32:PRrNT341 , "GHHJHIIB
B aSaiaS" :POKE1073,32:PRINT373, "CO
MMAND"lPRINT"EaaaHiSS <DA> ALL
t3 SPACES><DT> TITLES": P0KE1127, 32
sPRINTai37, "<DS> SEARCH AND DISPLA
Y"
60 PRINT"rarH:HJ:: <PA> ALH3 SPACESX
PT> TITLES": P0KE1223,32: PR I NT: PR IN
r-rsSTTP EEDT <AD> ADD{3 SPACES><DE>
DELETE" : POKE I 283, 32 : PR I NT3297 , " < SM
> SORT BY M0VIE"iPRINTa329, "<ST> S
ORT BY TYPE":PRINTa3il , "<SN> SORT
BY TAPE #"
70 PRINT: PR INT" CanEaiSl <LD> LOAD <S
A> SAVE" : PRINT34B9, "<QU> QUIT PROS
RAM" ; : PRINT380, " "; : INPUTC*
80 C»=C«+" ": C*=LEFT« (C*, 3) : IFC*="QU
"THENCLSsENDELSEC=INSTR (CC*,C*)-1
;IFC/3<>INT(C/3) THEN50ELSE0NC/3-t-lG
0SUB24 0, 290, 340, 400, 430, 4 70, 560, 60
0,600, 6 00, 730, 750: B0T050
90 '
100
1 10
120
130
140
150
R*=R« ( 1D> :TY«=MID« (R«, 97, 2) : IFTY*
="CO"THENTY*="COMEDY"ELSEIFTY»="D
R"THENTY«="DRAMA"ELSEIFTY*="HI "TH
ENTY«="HISTDRY"ELSEIFTY«="HD"THEN
TY«= "HORROR "ELSE I FT Y*="MU"THENTY«
="HUS1CAL"ELSEIFTY*="MY"THENTY«="
MYSTERY"
RETURN
A1*=MID*(R*,49, 16> :A2«=MID«(R«,65
, 16) : A3*=MID« (R«,ai, 16) :DI*=MIDS<
R«, 33, 16) : TN« = MID* <R«, 99, 2) :CN« = M
ID4(R*,101,4>+"-"+MID«<R»,105,4)
SP* = MID« <R«, 1 10, 1 ) : VT* = mD* (R*, 1 1
1 , 1 ) +" : "+MID* (R*, 1 12, 2) I VR* = MID« t
Figure 1: VMDP Main Menu
>^1 DEOTAPE
MO'.^I E
DATABASE SYSTEM
CQMMAMD"?
DI SPI_<iiY
<C.A>
ALL
<DT>
TITLES
■CDS>
SEARCH AMD
DI SPLAY
PRINTER
< PA>
ALL
<:pt>
TITLES
CHG Ol^Tt^
<AD>
ADD
<DE>
DELETE
<SM>
SORT
B^- r-iovi E
<ST>
SORT
BV TVRE
< SN ;■
SORT
BY TARE «
DATAFI LE
<i_o>
LOAD
< S A >
SA'-'E
<G!U>
QUIT
PROGRAM
Figure 2: sample Full-Data Display
T I : The M
ari Who K.n&i^) Too Mu c
h
YEAR: 1^3^ TYRE: MYSTERY
STARRIMO :
P&ter- Loi-r-e-
Lesl i © BahK^
Edna Be=t
DI RECTOR :
A 1 -f r- ed Hi t c h .= oc k
TAPE : 2 5
C 05';'5— 1 1 25> SPEED:
EP
^ I EK T I ME
: 1:25 TIME REM: 2
: 45
RECORDED i
e -3-1.5-32 CHANNEL:
1 ^
COLOR: SJO
COMMERCIALS: EDITTED
<m>e:xt paoe <cl>ast page <m>
EN U
Figure 3: sample Titles-Only Display
T I : E;r i n g i n g Up Bsfc»>'
YEJ=tR : i^-SS TYPE: COMEDY
T I ; P r- -a n k le ri -s t ^ i n
YEAR: l^-Sl TYPE: HORROR
T I : It's a I'Jon der -f u \ L i + e-
YEAR: I'^'^T TYPE: DRAMA
TI : The- Man Who Kn e-w Too Much
YEAR: 1934 TYPE: MYSTERY
TI : Top Hat
YEAR: I"? 3 5 TYPE: MUSICAL
cr-;>E;<T page -cl^-ast page ■!:m>enu
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
160
170
ISO
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
R*, 1 14, 1 ) : IFVR«="E"THENVR»="EOT"E
LSEVR*=VR»+": "+MID* (R*, 115,2)
DT*=MID« (R*, 1 18, 2>+"-"+MID« (R«, 12
0,2>+"-"+MID*(R*, 122,2) :CH*=MID* I
R*, 124, 2) :CL* = riID*{R*, 126, 1) : IFCL
*="N"THENCL*=:"NO " ELSECL«= " YES "
CM* = riID» <R*, 127, 1 ) : I FCM*= "N "THENC
M»="NONE"ELSEIFCM«="E"THENCM»="ED
ITTED"ELSEIFCM*="F"THENCM«="FEW"E
LSEIFCM*="ri"THENCM*="MANY"ELSEIFC
M*="A"THENCM«="ALL"
RETURN
CLS: PRINT341 , Xl«; " I :» iCiIi] tJ >M" : PQKEl
071 , 32: PRINT396, "TITLE TO ";X2«:P
R I NT 3 158, CHRIi (127)
PRINT3128, ""; : I NPUTT* : T1i = LEFT« ( <T
«+STRlNG« C2S,32) > , 28) : PR I NTS 130, T
*: F0RI0=1T0IR: IFT« = LEFT* (R*( ID) ,2
B) THENRETURNELSENEXT:PRINT5>192, " C
E ailiJI EHannS" : PDKE1218, 32iPOKE12
23, 32: F0RW=1T0 750: NEXT: RETURN
' DsasaiEi Rf-i.i*j»tr.L=a
ID=1
GOSUB 1 20: CLS: GOSUB 1 40 : SOS
INT"e3BCnnon?: ";A11i:PRINT
2«: PRINTTAB C lO) A3*: PR I NT:
[IHaanS: ";DI*:PRINT:PRINT
;TN*; ■
VIEW
VR*
PRINT:
ANNEL:
< " ;CN«; " >
TIME: ";VT*:
SPEED:
TIME
PRINT"IISH!ia3MS: ";D
" ;CH*: PR I NT "COLOR:
COMMERCIALS: " ; CM* : GQSU
K*=INKEY*: IFK*= " " THEN270E
"M"THENRETURNELSEK=ASC (K*
6ANDKO7S0R < K = 7 8ANDI 0= I R )
NDI0=1 ) THEN270ELSEIFK=78T
+1ELSEIFK=76THENI0=I0-1
B0T0250
IP=0:MP=INTf IR/5> : IFIR/5=
) THENMP=MP-1
CLS:F0RIL=1T05: IO=IP»5+IL
R THENeOSUB120:60SUB350:N
eOSUB360
K*=INKEY»s IFK*=""THEN320E
"M"THENRETURNELSEK=ASC<K«
6ANDK< >78DR(K = 78ANDIP = MP)
NDIP=0)THEN320ELSEIFK=78T
+1ELSEIFK=76THENIP=IP-1
G0T03OO
Xl*="ai3IHE": X2* = "SEARCH
UB190: IFIO>IR THENRETURNE
PRINT"IM1: ";LEFT«(R«,28) ;
[aaS: "; MID* (R«,29, 4)TAB( 1
UB350: PR
TAB ( lO) A
PR I NT "Em
" UHiIm: "
" ; SP*; "P
REM: ";
T*;" CH
"SCL*; "
B360
LSEIFK*=
) : IFK07
DR(K=76A
HEN I D= 10
INT CIR/5
: IFIO< = I
EXT
LSEIFK*=
) J IFK07
0R(K=76A
HENIP=IP
FOR" ! GOS
LSE250
:PRINT"B
a > " SEES:
MciyW83 COMPUTi! 229
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
"; TV* s PRINT: RETURN
PRINT34B1 , "<N>EXT PAGE <L>AST PAG
E <M>ENU" ; 5 RETURN
S«=STR
B120: B
1 3 ) ; " T
AR: ";
Y*: PRI
I A1*;S
CTORi
PRINT*
; "COUN
" ; SP«
«; "TIM
RDED;
; "COLO
; CM*: I
,STRIN
NEXT: R
PRINT*
TLE";T
CHR* ( 1
NT#-2,
,29,4)
ING* (4,
0SUB140
ITLE: "
MID* <R*
NT#-2, C
«; A2*; S
" ; D I *
-2, CHR*
TER:
; "P" ; S*
e REM:
" ; DT«; S
Rj " ; CL
FI0/5=I
B* ( 10, 1
ETURN
-2,STRI
AB <34> "
3) : FORI
LEFT* <R
; TAB (44
32) : FORIO=lTaiR:GOSU
: PRI NT* -2, STRING* (3,
; LEFT* (R«, 2S> ; S»; "YE
,29, 4> ; S*; "TYPE: ";T
HR* < 13> ; "STARRING: "
♦ ; A3*: PR I NT* -2, "DIRE
( 13) ; "TAPE: "; TN*;S«
CN*:PRINT*-2, "SPEED:
"VIEW TIME: ";VT*;S
; VR*5 PRINT*-2, "RECO
«; "CHANNEL: ";CH*;S«
«;S*; "COMMERCIALS: "
NT ( 10/5) THENPRINT*-2
3)
NG* (2, 13) ;TAB(10) "TI
YEAR"; TAB (45) "TYPE" ;
D=1T0IR: G0SUB120:PRI
«, 28) ; TAB <34) MID* (R*
) TY*: NEXT! RETURN
Aos/DEMaan Rtiiii*<:i*i
X*=" AND EHSSHT CASE) " :G0SUB530: R*
= S TRINE* < 127, 32) :RP=1 : Q*= "TITLE " +
STRING* (27, 32) : L = 2B: G0SUB540: S«=S +
32: Q*=" YEAR" : L=4: G0SUBS40: Q*="DIR
ECTOR" :L=16: G0SUB54 0: F0RI=1T03:Q*
= " ACTOR #"+RIGHT* (STR* (I ) , 1 ) : GOSU
B540: NEXT: F0RW=1T0250: NEXT
X*="CASE ONLY) " : G0SUB530: Q*="TYPE
(CO, DR, HI ,H0, MU, MY) " : L=2: G0SUB54
0:Q*="TAPE *": L=2 : G0SUB540 : Q«= " CO
UNTER START" : L = 4: GOSU B 54 O: (3*="COU
NTER END " 5 G0SUB540 : M I D* ( R* , RP , 1
)="/": RP=i 10
Q*=" SPEED (S,L,E)":L=1: GOSUB540:Q
*="VIEW TIME (H: MM) ":L=4: G0SUB540
:Q*="TIME REM ( H : MM ) " : L=4 : BOSUB5
40:MID«(R*,lll,7)=MID*(R*,lll,l)-t-
MID*(R*, 113,3)+MID*(R«, 117,2)+"/"
: RP=1 18
Q*="DATE RECORDED (MM-DD-YY)
CB SPACES>" :L=B:G05UB540:S=S+32:M
ID* (R*, 120, 4>=MID* (R*, 121 ,2) +MID*
(R*,124,2):RP=124: Q*= " CHANNEL " : L=
2: GOSUB540:Q*="COLDR (Y OR N)":L=
1 : G0SUB540: Q*="COMMERCI ALS (N OR
E,F, M, A) " : L=l : G0SUB540
IFIR = OTHENI 1 = 1 : GOTD520ELSEFOR I 1 = 1
T0IR;IFLEFT*(R«(I1),28)<LEFT*(R*,
28) THENNEXTELSEF0RI2=IR TOIl STEP
-1 : R* < 12 + 1 )=R* £ 12) : NEXT
R* < I 1 )=R*: IR=IR+1 : RETURN
CLS:PRINT311, "GEE I;a=<»tf3:r:" : POKE 1 07
0, 32: PRINTiPRINT" (ANSWER IN UPPER
" ; X*:S = 64:RETURN
S = S + 32:Q = LEN <Q*) : PR INT3S , D* } " ? " : P
RINT3S+Q+L+3, CHR* (127) : PRINT3S+Q+
2, " " ; : LINEINPUTA*:MID» (R*,RP,L) =A
*!RP=RP+L
PRINT3S+Q+L+2,STRING« (32, 32) : RETU
RN
Xl*="[3HMaO" : X 2* = "DELETE" : G0SUB19
0:IFIO>IR THENRETURNELSEPRINT3192
, "DELETING RECORD. . . " : FOR I = 10 TOI
R-1 : R* < I ) =R* (1 + 1): NEXT: rR=IR-l:RE
TURN
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
' SQHij Rnnii*<:raa
IFCt
ENC=
CLS:
N=IN
IR-N
11 = 1
14 = 1
R* ( I
( 14)
N640
12=1
14=1
(R* (
T* (R
= R* (
THEN
GOTO
14=1
R* (I
R« ( I
HEN6
GOTO
= "SM "
2ELSEI
PRINTS
N=1R
T (N/2)
: 12=1
2: ONC
1+N: IF
4) , 28)
: R* ( 14
2+1 : IF
1+N: IF
I 1 > , 28
* < 14) ,
14) :R*
660
6 50
1+N; IF
4) ,99,
4) :R*<
80
650
THENC=1ELSEIFC*="ST "TH
FC*="SN "THENC=3
70, "... SORTING RECORDS,
: IFN=0THENRETURNELSEI3=
G0T0640, 660, 680
LEFT* (R» ( I 1 ) ,28) >LEFT* (
THENT*=R« (I1);R«(I1)=R»
)=T*: Il = Ii-N: IFI1>=1THE
I2>13 THEN620ELgE630
MID«(R4(I1),97,2)+LEFT*
) >MID*(R*(I4) ,97, 2) +LEF
28) THENT* = R« ( I 1 ) : R« ( I 1 )
(I4)='T*: I1 = H-N: IFI1>=1
MID* (R* < I 1 ) , 99,6) >MID* <
6) THENT« = R« ( I 1 ) : R* ( I 1 ) =
14) =T*: 11=11 -N: IFIl >=iT
740
750
760
770
XI
EC
AD
F*
IF
UR
TO
X 1
CA
T:
f ~
NE
CL
El
DA
51
PR
DY
IF
RN
LcmEystnsi Rr.iih*<:i^3
*="Ht!EE": X2*="ON THE CASSETTE R
ORDER. " : GOSU B 7 60: PR I NT : PR I NT " LO
ING "; F*; -...": IR=1 : OPEN" I " , -1 ,
EOF (-1 > THEN
NELSEINPUT*
740
*= " EfTma" : X2
SBETTE RECD
PRINT "SAVIN
1 , F*: F0RI=1
XT: CLOSE*-l
S: PRINT341 ,
069, 32: POKE
TA FILE NAM
TIDN TAPE A
INT3256, "PR
IR=IR-1:CL0SE*~1:RET
-1 , R* ( IR) : IR=IR+1 : GO
*="ANDE33EEirE ON THE
RDER. ":60SUB760:PRIN
G "; F«; "...": OPEN" D"
TDIR:PRINT*-1,R*<I) :
: RETURN
XI*;" EEinir SHMl" : POK
1074, 32: PRINT: INPUT"
E" ; F*: PRINT: PR INT" PO
ND PRESS GHSB ";X2*:
ESS 0r033> WHEN REA
INKEY*< >CHR* < 13) THEN770ELSERETU
Program 2: ti Version
10
40
41
42
43
44
45
50
52
54
56
60
REM VMDP
DIM Rl* <
YY«="COD
FOR 1=0
READ Yt C
NEXT I
DATA COM
USICAL, M
CC*="DA
LD SA "
CALL CLE
PRINT TA
(6) : "DAT
<DA> A
PRINT TA
" : : "PRI
PT> TITL
PRINT
tS SPACE
TAB ( 10) ;
PRINT TA
TAB < 10) ;
TI
60)
RHIH
TO 5
I )
EDY,
YSTE
DT D
AR
B(6)
ABAS
LL" ;
B < 10
NTER
ES"
CHG
S J " :
"<SM
B < 10
"<SN
VERSION
V* CS)
OMUMY"
DRAMA, HISTORY, HORROR, M
RY
S PA PT AD DE SM ST SN
; "VIDEOTAPE MOVIE":TAB
E SYSTEM": : : "DISPLAY
TAB ( lO) ; "<DT> TITLES"
);"<DS> SEARCH, DISPLAY
<PA> ALL" : TAB ( lO) ; "<
DATA <AD> ADD
TAB ( lO) ; "<DE> DELETE":
> SORT BY MOVIE"
);"<ST> SORT BY TYPE":
> SORT BY TAPE #" : : "D
230 OOMPUTi! MayWB3
Notes On TI-99/4A Version
C. Regena
An effort was made to keep the translation
as close to the author's version as possible.
The VMDP record format is the same and
the variables used in the program are the
same as in the TRS-80 CC version. The line
numbers with the explanation are the same
in most cases; sometimes lines were added
in the TI version because TI BASIC does not
allow multi-statement lines.
The TI printed screen is 28 columns wide
and 24 lines long. The TI does not have PRINT
AT capabilities, so while you are adding a
record the screen will scroll, rather than using
separate screens.
The cassette file processing procedure is
similar to the TRS-80. Line 734 OPENs file
device #1, "CSl" or cassette 1. INPUT is
used to read in previously saved data. IN-
TERNAL format is used rather than DISPLAY
format for more efficiency in this application.
Each record is a FIXED length of 127. The TI
cassette tape device will use record lengths
of 64, 128, or 192 positions in FIXED record
type, so we need to specify FIXED 128.
Line 752 OPENs file device #2 to save
data in the same format required to read in
data.
This program does not check your
INPUT as you are adding a record to make
sure your answers are logical. Follow the
instructions listed in the TRS-80 version for
each item entered.
Cassette file processing does not have
an EOF function to signal the last data record
(disk file processing does). To signal the last
record, this program will read the record,
then check to see if the first three characters
are "ZZZ". Therefore, just before you choose
the option to save your data, enter a title of
ZZZ (or ZZZZ, etc.). You may press ENTER
on each of the remaining INPUT prompts.
Since you may have nearly any type of
printer connected to your TI, you will be
asked to enter your printer configuration
when you choose the printing options. Be
sure to use the quotation marks. For example,
if you have a TI 825 printer, your printer
configuration will be:
"RS232.BA = 600"
For a teletype, the configuration may be:
"RS232.TW.BA = 110"
This program illustrates the power of
string manipularion. The data is saved as
one long string of characters (127 long), then
certain segments are examined for the sort
routines or the displays. SEG$ is a function
that will return a specific SEGment of a string
variable. For example, R$ is the data record.
SEG$(R$,1,28) is the segment of R$ starting
with the first character and taking 28 charac-
ters - the title. SEGS(R$,97,2) is the segment
of R$ starring with the 97th character and
taking two characters (the TYpe of movie).
String variables need to be combined with &,
not -I-.
430,450
ATAFILE < L0> LOAD " : TAB ( i 0 ) ; " < S A > S
AVE"
64 PRINT : TAB £ lO) ; "<QU> QUIT PROGRAM"
70 INPUT C*
80 C*=SEB« <C*, 1 , 2)
82 IF C*="QU" THEN 800
84 P=POS (CC* , C*, 1 )
85 IF P=0 THEN 52
86 P=INT <P/3) +1
as ON P GOSUB 240,290,340,400,
, 560, 600, 6 0 0, 600, 730, 750
89 GOTO 52
120 R*=Rl*<IO>
122 TY4=SEG« (R*, 97, 2>
124 P=POS < YYt, TY«, 1 )
125 P=INT(P/2)
126 TY*=Y*CP)
130 RETURN
140 A1«=SEG* <R4, 49, 16)
141 A2«=SeG« (R«, 65, 16)
142 A3«=SEG« (R», 81 , 16)
143 DI«=SE6S (R*, 33, 16)
144 TN«=SEG4 (R*, 99, 2)
145 CN*=SE6* <R*, 101
4)&"-"&SEG* <R«, lO
150
15J
152
154
155
156
158
160
162
164
165
166
167
168
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
' : "^SEG* (ft*, 11
5, 4)
SP*=SEB* (R«, 1 10, 1 )
VT*=SEG*(R«,111,1)&
2 2 )
VR«=SEG*(R«, 114, 1)
IF VR«="E" THEN 158
VR« = VR*S<": "StSEGt (R*, 1 15,2)
GOTO 160
VR*="EOT"
DT* = SE6* (R*, 118, 2>S<"-"S,SE6* (Rt, i:
O, 2) &"-"S(SEG* (R*, 122, 2)
CH*=SEG* (R*, 1 2 4, 2)
CL*=SE6t (R«, 126
IF CL*="N" THEN
CL*=" YES"
GOTO 170
CL«="ND"
CM*=SEe* (R*
IF CM«<>"N"
CM«="NONE"
GOTO 185
IF CM*<>"E"
CM*="EDITTED"
GOTO 185
IF CM*<>"F" THEN
1 )
168
127, :
THEN
)
174
THEN 177
180
Ma/ ■mi COMPUn! 231
178
179
ISO
181
182
183
185
190
192
200
201
203
204
205
207
208
209
210
212
240
250
252
254
255
256
258
?60
CMt="FEW"
GOTO 185
IF CM*<>"M" THEN 183
CM*="MANV"
GOTO 185
CM*=" ALL"
RETURN
CALL CLEAR
PRINT Xl«;" RECORDS": : "TITLE TO
" ; X24: :
INPUT T*
T* = SEG* (T*S<" <:28 SP ACES J " , 1 , 28 )
FOR IO=l TO Ii
IF T*=SE6t (Rl « ( lO) . 1 , 28) THEN 212
NEXT 10
PRINT : :"«* NO SUCH RECORD **"
PRINT : "PRESS <ENTER>";
CALL KEY(0,K,S)
IF K<>13 THEN 209
RETURN
10=1
6DSUB 120
CALL CLEAR
GDSUB 140
GOSUB 350
PRINT "STARRING
«: TAB ( 1 1 ) ; A3«: :"DIRECTOR: ";DI4
PRINT :"TAPE:
"SPEED: ";SP«;
TS:"TIME REM:
265
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
280
290
291
292
294
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
310
320
321
322
323
325
326
327
328
329
330
340
341
342
344
350
" ; Al*: TAB ( 1 1 ) ; A2
"DIRECTOR: "
TN4; " < " ; CN*
" : " V I E W TIME
; VR«
RECORDED: " | DT* :" CHANNEL :
COLOR: " ;CLt: "COMMERCIALS
51 )
365
PRINT :
" ;CH*:
: ";CM«
6D5UB 360
CALL KEY<0,K1
IF Kl=77 THEN
K = f<l
IF <K<>76>* (K<>7B)+<K=78) * (IO=IR)
+ (K = 76) * C 10=1 ) THEN 270
IF K<>7e THEN 277
I0=10+l
GOTO 250
IF K076 THEN 250
10=10-1
GOTO 250
IP = 0
MP=INT ( IR/5)
IF IR/5C >INT : IR/5) THEN 300
MP=MP-1
CALL CLEAR
FOR 1L=1 TO S
ID=IP*5+IL
IF IO>IR THEN 310
GOSUB 120
GOSUB 350
NEXT IL
GOSUB 360
CALL KEY (0, Kl ,S1 )
IF Kl=77 THEN 365
K = K1
IF ( K< >76 ) * C K < :; 78 ) + ( K=78 >
+ (K=76> « ( IP=0) THEN 320
IF K07B THEN 328
IP=IP+1
GOTO 300
IF K076 THEN 300
IP=IP-1
GOTO 300
Xl*="SEflRCH"
X2*="SEARCH FDR"
GOSUB 190
IF lOIR THEN 365 ELSE 250
PRINT "TI: "; SEB* (R*. 1,28) :
» < IP = MP)
;TY«: :
355
RETURN
360
PRINT :"<N>EXT PAGE
" : "<M>ENU" ;
365
RETURN
390
CALL CLEAR
392
PRINT " ** PRINTER
394
395
397
399
400
402
403
404
405
406
407
410
YEAR:
232
" ;SEG« (R*, 29, 4)
COMPUH! MoyWaa
TAB ( 14)
TYPE:
412
414
416
420
42 1
422
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
"<L>AST PAGE
ROUTINE *» "
PRINT "ENTER YOUR PR I NTER " ; " CONF I
GURATIQN: " : :
INPUT Pl«
OPEN #3:Pi*
RETURN
GOSUB 390
S«=" £4 SPACES} "
FOR 10=1 TO IR
GOSUB 120
GOSUB 140
PRINT #3: : : :
1 , 2B) ; S«; "YEAR:
*; "TYPE; " ; TY«
PRINT #3: :"STARRING: ";A1«;S*
«; S4 ; A3*: "DIRECTOR: ";DI«
PRINT #3: :"TAPE: "; TN*; St ;" COUNT
ER: " I CN«: "SPEED: " ; SP« ; " P " ; S« ; " V
■TITLE: ";SEG*<R*,
" ; SE64 (R*, 29, 4) ; S
A2
lEW TIME:" ; VT*; S*; "TIME REM: " ; VRt
PRINT #3: "RECORDED: " ; DT t ; St : " CHA
NNEL: "; CH«; S*; "COLOR: ";CLt;S*;"
COMMERCIALS: " ; CM*
IF I0/5<>INT< 10/5) THEN 420
PRINT #3: :::::::;::
NEXT 10
CLOSE #3
RETURN
GOSUB 390
PRINT #3: : : TAB ( 10 > ; " T ITLE " ; TAB <
34) ; "YEAR" ;TAB <45) ; "TYPE" : :
FOR 10=1 TO IR
GOSUB 120
PRINT *3:SEG*<R4, 1,28) ;TAB(34);SE
G«(R«,29,4) ;TAB(44) ;TY4
NEXT lO
CLOSE #3
RETURN
X t = " "
GQSUB 530
RP=1
Q«="TITLE"S<" {23 SPACES>"
L = 2a
GOSUB 540
Q«="YEAR"
L = 4
GOSUB 540
Q*="DIRECTOR"
L=16
GQSUB 54 0
FDR 1=1 TO 3
Q«="ACTDR tt"&STRt(I)
GOSUB 540
NEXT I
PRINT
Q$="TYPE (CD.
L = 2
GOSUB 540
0*="TAPE «"
L = 2
GDSUB 540
Q4="COUNTER START"
L = 4
GOSUB 540
Qt="CDUNTER END '
GOSUB 540
R« = R*S<"/ "
RP=1 10
DR, HI , HO, MU, MY)
4S0 Q*="SPEED (S,L,E)" 606 IF C*<>"SN" THEN 610
481 L=l 607 C=3
482 BOSUB 540 610 CALL CLEAR
483 Q«="VIEW TIME <H:MM)" 61! PRINT "... SORTING RECORDS ...":
484 L=4 : :
485 BDSUB 540 613 N= I R
486 Q«="TIME REM (H:MM)" 620 N=INT(N/2)
487 L = 4 • 622 IF N=0 THEN 69*?
488 GOSUB 540 624 I3=IR-N
490 R* = SEG* (R«, 1 , 1 10) SiSEG* (R*, I 1 1 , 1) S< 626 12=1
SEBS <Rt, 1 13, 3) StSEB* (R«, 1 17.2) Sc" / " 630 11=12
492 RP=118 632 ON C GOTO 640,658,630
494 Q«="DATE RECORDED (MM-DD-YY) 640 I4=I1+N
{4 SPACESDCa SPACESt.J" 64 1 IF SE6* ( R 1 ♦ i I 1 ) , 1 , 2B )< =SEG* ( R 1 « ( I
496 L=8 4),1,28)THEN 650
498 GOSUB 540 642 T*=Rlt<Il)
500 R* = SEG* (RS, 1 , 1 19) &SEG* (ft*, 121 , 2) & ^43 R 1 4 { I 1 ) =R 1 * ( I 4 >
SEG* <R*, 124, 2> 644 R1*<I4)=T*
502 RP=124 645 I1=I1-N
503 Q«="CHANNEL" 646 IF I1>=1 THEN 640
504 L=2 650 12=12+1
505 GDSUB 540 655 IF I25I3 THEN 620 ELSE 630
506 Q«="COLDR (Y OR N)" 658 14=1 1+N
507 L=l 659 S1* = SEG« (Rl« < I 1 ) , 97,2) S<SEG« !R1* ( I
508 GOSUB 540 1),1,2B)
509 Q*="COMMERCIALS <N OR E , F , M , A ) " ^60 S2* = SEG* ( R 1 « < I 4 ) , 97 , 2 ) &SEB* ( R 1 * <I
510 L=l 4) , 1 . 28)
511 GOSUB 540 661 IF S1«<=S2* THEN 650
512 IF IROO THEN 515 663 T* = R1*(11)
513 11 = 1 664 Rl* ( I 1 ) =R1* C 14)
514 GOTO 525 665 R1*(I4)=T*
515 FDR 11=1 TO IR ^66 I1=I1-N
516 IF SEG«<R1*(I 1 ) , 1 ,28) > = SEG* (R*, 1 , ^^j jp I 1 ■; = 1 THEN 658 ELSE 650
2B)THEN 520 680 I4=I1+N
517 NEXT 11 681 IF SEG* C R 1 4 ( I 1 ) , 99 , 6 )< =SEG* ( R 1 « <rl
518 GOTO 525 4>,99,6)THEN 650
520 FOR I2=IR TO II STEP -1 ^B2 T*=R1*CI1)
521 Rli (12+1 >=R1* < 12)
522 NEXT 12
525 Rl* ( I 1 ) =R*
526 IR=IR+1
529 RETURN
530 CALL CLEAR
532 PRINT "{4 SPACES>*« ADD RECORD **
683 R1«(I1)=R1»(I4)
684 ftl* (14) =T«
635 11=I1-N
687 IF I1>=1 THEN 680 ELSE 650
699 RETURN
730 X1*="LDAD"
732 GOSUB 760
533 R*=""' 734 OPEN « 1 ; " CS 1 " , I NPUT , I NTERN AL , F I X
534 RETURN ED^128
540 PRINT Q*; ^^^ IR=0
541 INPUT A* 7^3 IR=IR+1
542 IF LEN(A«)<=L THEN 546 740 INPUT 4» 1 : R 1 « (I ft >
543 A* = SEG*(A«, 1,L) 742 IF SE6* ( ft 1 * (I R ) , 1 , 3 > <> " Z Z Z " THEN
544 GOTO 550 738
546 FDR I I=LEN ( At ) +1 TO L 746 IR=IR-1
548 A* = ASS(" " 747 CLOSE #1
549 NEXT II 748 RETURN
550 R«=R*&A* 750 X1*="SAVE"
551 RP=RP+L 751 GDSUB 760
552 PRINT 752 OPEN 4» 2 : " CS 1 " , OUTPUT , I NTERNAL , F I X
554 RETURN ED 128
560 X1*="DELETE" 754 FDR 1=1 TO IR
561 X2S-"DELETE" 755 PRINT #2:R1*(I)
562 GOSUB 190 756 NEXT I
563 IF ID>IR THEN 572 757 CLOSE «2
565 PRINT : "DELETING RECORD ..." 758 RETURN
567 FOR 1=10 TO IR-1 760 CALL CLEAR
568 Rl* ( I ) =R14 ( I + l > 762 PRINT "<:4 SPACES>*« ";X1*;" DATA
569 NEXT I FILE **": : : :
570 IR=IR-1 764 RETURN
572 RETURN 790 B*=""
600 IF C*<>"SM" THEN 603 792 FOR B= 1 TO Bl
601 C= 1 794 B«=B*&" "
602 GOTO 610 796 NEXT B
603 IF C«<>"ST" THEN 606 798 RETURN
604 C=2 aOO CALL CLEAR
605 GOTO 610 810 END ©
May 1983 COMPOTE! 233
TCON:
The Apple Writer
Processes Programs
Michael Ginsberg
Would you like to have the power to: change all or some
variables in an Apple program; look at tzuo different
parts of a program at the same time; find all occurrences
of a word or phrase; move one or more lines of a program
around at will; have named GOSUB targets; and have
other powerful programming tools at your fingertips?
You've already got it. Here's how to get more out of the
Apple Writer than you may have thought possible.
The Apple Writer, the word processor which
comes with every Apple II, can be used in two
ways to aid your programming. First, you can use
the features of Apple Writer to modify existing
programs. Second, you can write your new pro-
grams directly using the Apple Writer. If you write
programs using the Apple Writer, the only differ-
ence is that you use the controi-K to keep the
characters in uppercase.
A knowledge of text files and BASIC files is
necessary to understand how this process works.
A short program is included here for files that are
currently BASIC programs. This short program
uses the EXEC feature of the Apple to create a
routine that converts the BASIC program to text
so that the Apple Writer can read it.
The TCCDN program appends three lines to
the beginning of your program. The line numbers
are 0, 1, and 2. If you already have lines in your
program that use those numbers, you must in-
crease these line numbers to 3 or above. First,
type in and run EXEC TCON; it will create the
TCON program which will convert BASIC to text.
Load in the BASIC program and type in EXEC
TCON; the disk will start spinning, and your pro-
gram will be converted. When the program has
been converted, you can boot your Apple Writer
and use all of the features to help you debug your
program. After it is booted, you should hit control-
K so it will be in alpha lock.
Some of the features of TCON are: search,
replace, scrolling, deleting and retrieving, split
23d COMPUTIi May 1983
screen, and word and phrase counter. Some ex-
perimenting with Apple Writer is necessary to
learn how it works. After you have finished de-
bugging your program, all you need to do is save
the file.
The next step involves converting your file to
a BASIC program. This sounds hard but is actually
quite simple. After DOS is booted, you need to
type NEW; then type EXEC followed by the file
name. That's it. Two minutes later, after you've
seen many ]'s, your file will be magically converted
to a working BASIC program. Now you should
save the BASIC program and, if you are through
making changes, you can delete the text file. Apple
Writer can be extraordinarily versatile as a pro-
gramming aid.
10 Q» = CHR* (34):D» = CHR* (4)
20 PRINT D*; "OPEN TCON"
30 PRINT D*5 "WRITE TCON"
100 PRINT "0 D» = CHR* (4) : PRINT D*; "Q*; "
OPEN FILE";Q*i CHR* (13)
110 PRINT "1 PRINT D*; "Q»; "WRITE FILE"iQ*|
"; LIST 3-" 5 CHR* (13)
120 PRINT "2 PRINT D*; "Q*; "CLOSE FILE"!Q«r
": END"; CHR* (13)
130 PRINT "RUN"
140 PRINT "0"5 CHR* (13): PRINT "1"; CHR* (
13): PRINT "2"; CHR* (13) g
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Apple Fast Sort
John Sorver
// can take a loug time to put a list into alphabetical
order. In a recent expcriiuent, using a basic bubble sort
routine, it took the author's Apple eight hours and 57
minutes to sort 1000 randomly created strings of random
le)}gth betiveen one and 20 characters. This subroutine
puts both o)ie- and two-dimensional Apple arrays in
order at a tolerable speed: that same list of 1000 strings
nozc takes one minute and 45 seconds.
Strings values, when assigned, are stored at the
very top of Apple's free RAM, and as more strings
are assigned, they are stored belou/ the strings
already in memory. A table, created when you
use the DIM statement, keeps track of where each
string is in RAM.
Some important information is stored at the
beginning of this table. The first byte represents
the first character in the variable name. The second
byte represents the second character in the vari-
able name plus $80 (adding $80 designates it as a
string array rather than an integer or decimal point
number array). The next pair of bytes gives the
length of this pointer table.
The fifth byte is the number of dimensions
that you have used with the DIM statement. If
you used a two-dimensional array, the next two
bytes tell how many variables are in the second
part of the dimension (if three-dimensional, the
next four bytes, and so on).
The final two bytes of information are the
number of strings in the first dimension. The table
begins here. Each variable is located by a three-
byte pointer. The first byte is the length of the
record, and the next two point to where the first
character of the variable is stored. These pointers
are always in order from the zero dimension to
the nth dimension.
At the end of this grouping of pointers are
the pointers for the first group of the second di-
mensioned part of the array. Following this is the
second group of pointers for the second dimen-
sioned part of the array, and so on. If you used a
one-dimensional array, there is only one group of
pointers.
As you can see, there is no need to sort the
strings themselves. Just sort the pointers. There-
fore, there is no time wasted in garbage collection
and, in most cases, the length of the strings does
not affect the time of execution.
Simple To Use
Using this sort is quite simple. Apple stores the
last variable used in $81 and $82, so you may need
to insert a statement in your BASIC program such
as A$(0) = A$(0) (see line 90 of Program 2), or you
may POKE these values in if you are putting this
utility on another machine. The sort can be easily
changed to use the zero dimension of an array if
you wish. To do this, simply change the following
lines in the BASIC loader (Program 1).
120 IF CK < > 5685 A THEN PRINT "CHECK DAT
A STATEMENTS FOR ERROR": STOP
2O0 DATA 169,0,133,253,133,239,169,1
400 DATA 165,6,105,2,133,6,169,0
If you are using a two-dimensional array,
you will need to store the records that are to be
put in order by using the zero subscript of the
second dimension (that is, A$(1,0), A$(2,0), etc.).
The accompanying arrays (A$(l,]), A$(2,l),
A$(l,2), A$(2,2), etc.) will be kept with their re-
spective zero-subscripted record.
The sort will automatically ascertain if you
are using a one- or two-dimensional array and
will adjust itself accordingly. You may use any
number of Subscripts desired in one-dimensional
arrays and in the first part of the two-dimensional
arrays. But don't try to use anything larger than a
two-dimensional array, or attempt to use more
than 255 variables in the second part of your two-
dimensional array. Some of the corresponding
subarrays would not be properly aligned.
Program 1 loads the machine language sorting
routine into RAM. You should save this on disk
by typing:
BSAVE SORT, A$944A,LS1B6
Program 2 provides an example of the steps
necessary to use the routine.
Program 1: ml Fast Sort Loader
100 REM THIS PROSRAM INSTALLS BUT DOES
NOT RUN THE ML FAST SORT
110 FOR I = 37962 TO 38399! READ A:CK =
CK + At POKE I, As NEXT
120 IF CK < > 56857 THEN PRINT "CHECK
DATA STATEMENTS FOR ERROR"! STOP
130 TEXT 1 HOME s PRINT "TYPE 'BSAVE SORT,
A «944A,L«1B6' "
140 PRINT "TO SAVE SORT ROUTINE ON DISK"
MQv19e3 COMPUTEI 235
177,237,240, 165, 133, 254, 133, 255
1A2, 0,200, 177,235, 149,0, 177
237, 149,2,232, 192,2,208,242
160, 0, 177, 0, 209, 2, 240, 4
144, 135, 176, 12,200, 196,255,208
241, 165,254,208,3,76, 19, 149
169, 1, 133,253,160,0, 177,235
72, 177,237, 145,235, 104,145,237
200,192,3,208,241,166,31,202
240,45,24, 165,235, 101,25, 133
27, 165,236, 101,26,133,28, 165
237, 101,25, 133,29, 165,238, 101
26, 133, 30, 160, 0, 177, 27,72
177, 29, 145,27, 104, 145, 29,200
192,3,208,241,202,208,3,76
19, 149,24, 165,27, 101,25, 133
27,165,28, 101,26, 133,28, 165
29, 101,25, 133,29, 165,30, 101
26, 133, 30, 24, 144, 205, 141 , 183
Program 2: steps Necessary To Use Fast Sort
10 HIMEMs 37962
20 D» = CHR« (4)
PRINT DS'-BLOAD SORT-
INPUT "HOW MANY RECORDS" J N
DIM A«(N>
FOR A = 1 TO N
PRINT "WHAT IS RECORD #"A;
INPUT ■' ";A*(A)
NEXT
90 A* CO) = A»(0)
100 CALL 37962
FOR A = 1 TO N
PRINT A»(A>
NEXT Q
END
560
DATA
570
DATA
580
DATA
590
DATA
600
DATA
610
DATA
620
DATA
630
DATA
640
DATA
650
DATA
660
DATA
670
DATA
680
DATA
690
DATA
700
DATA
710
DATA
720
DATA
730
DATA
740
DATA
VERSACALC
VERSACALC
VERSACALC
VERSACALC
TUTORIAL
UTILITIES
AND FILE MANAGER
Everything you always wanted to do with Visicalc ,
(but thought you couldn't).
VERSACALC
VERSACALC
VERSACALC
J-C
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py^
NOW YOU CAN:
SORT a Visicalc screen on any column,
ascending or descending; all related
formulas and labels are sorted too.
put the entire disk CATALOG on the
screen at once!
easily do Year-To-Date accumulations!
"Dound" formulas to expose the full
forniLilas in place on the screen!'
append two Visicalc files!'
print the contents of a /SS file!
print the contents of a /PF file!
AND our EASEL BINDER is so nice that
you will put .your other manual in it!
Apple ir
PET&CBM-'
IBM PC '
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•specify DOS
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125
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150
If you use Visicalc" but you are
bumping into its limitations, then you
need Versacalc"! Versacalc runs within
Visicalc but uses no extra memory; in
fact, it effectively increases memory by
letting you call in modules from disk as
needed.
A Tutorial section makes clear such
features as PLOOKUP, OIF, PNA, (3ERR0R,
which are not well explained in the
Visicalc manual .
A Utilities section makes It easy to
create your own menu-driven modules which
condense hundreds of commands into four
keystrokes. You can build in sophist-
icated error checking (e.g. Is the input
value between certain limits?}. Now it Is
possible for people untrained in Visicalc
to perform the weekly updating without
constant instruction.
Anthro-Digital Software
P.O. Box 1385
Pitisficld. MA 01202
413-448-8278
Versacalc 15 a TtaaemarKOtVefsacaicErie'prises mc
236 COMPUH! M^jyl^Jaa
64 Odds And Ends
David Martin
Here are a few interesting tidbits about the 64.
• Warm Start By SYS 64738 !
This handy little number will help save your
power switch. However, if the system crashes or
locks up, you will have to power down.
• List Terminator i
This feature will keep others from viewing your
program after it's run. To disable the list, add to
your program POKE 775,200. To restore the list
feature, use POKE 755,167.
• STOP Key
POKE 808,239 turns the STOP key off.
POKE 808,237 turns the STOP key on.
•RUN/STOP And RESTORE Key Terminator |
POKE 808,225 disables these keys; however, it
changes the appearance of the program listing
(this does not affect the program run). POKE
808,237 restores both keys to normal.
• Keyboard Killer
POKE 649,0 turns the keyboard off,
POKE 649,10 turns the keyboard on.
• Save And List Destroyer
The saving and listing of your program can be
prevented by killing the STOP and RESTORE
keys. To do this, add POKE 808,225:POKE 818,32
to your program. To go back to normal, type POKE
808,237:POKE 818,237. Note: POKE 808',225 has a
side effect - it messes up the system clock.
• IVIagic l\1erge
"Magic Merge" will work on the 64, if you use
the VlC-20 method.
"Magic Merge" is a technique described by
Jim Butterfield (COIMPUTE!, June 1982) that lets
you combine lines from one program with
another. Here is a condensed set of instructions:
To prepare the lines you want to merge:
1. Insert a blank tape, rewind, and then type:
OPEN 1,1,1, "PROGNAME":CMDl:LIST
("PROGNAME" is a name for your program)
2. When the tape stops and 'READY' comes
back, enter: PRlNT#l:CLOSE 1
3. After the tape stops, you can remove it.
To merge with a program in memory;
1. Put the "merge tape" in the tape unit.
2. Enter: POKE 19,l:OPEN 1
3. After 'READY' comes back, clear the screen
(SHIFT-HOME).
4. Press exactly three cursor-downs.
5. Enter:
PRINTCHR$(19) :POKE198,l:POKE631,13:POKEl53,l
6. The tape will finally stop with an error
message. Ignore the error, and enter CLOSE
1.
7. The lines are now merged, magically. ©
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rutav1<J83 COMPUTE! 237
Atari Times
B B Garrett
Kiioiviii^^ how much tiiitc Ihe Atari needs to perform
specific opcnitio)is cnn help you speed up nntiiiiig times
for BASIC progrnuis. Here are the durations of various
operations, along with suggestions for fixing the most
time-consinniiig ones.
Most people who purchase a home computer do
so for a long list of practical reasons beyond the
fact that computers are great fun. Mv own list
included the preparation of color slides, a modest
amount of word processing, and some fairly heavy
number crunching in connection with my research
in theoretical solid state chemistry.
Because of its excellent color graphics, very
good keyboard feel, and relatively fast 1.8 MHz
clock rate, the Atari 800 was my choice.
After using the computer for all those other
things for a few months, it came time to make the
machine earn its keep by doing a big repetitive
calculation. I won't drag you through the details
of that computation, but the size of the problem is
illustrated by the fact that four deep nested loops
with indices ranging up to 40 were required. This
meant about a million passes through the inner
loop where several calculations and a couple of
comparisons were necessary.
My original BASIC program would still be run-
ning today, if it had been turned loose on the full
problem. 1 needed to optimize the program or
develop a machine language subroutine to get the
calculation done in a reasonable time. In any case,
a knowledge of the execution times for specific
operations was required to make intelligent pro-
gramming decisions. Let's examine some of the
facts and myths about speeding up program run-
ning times in Atari BASIC.
Taking A Hard Look
In the problem 1 have been discussing, an overall
time reduction of 66 percent was accomplished
without resorting to machine language. These
savings were achieved by utilizing every speedup
hint 1 had ever encountered. Many of these
changes were tedious and ineffective, but others
obviously worked. Examining the actual time
savings proved that a systematic approach to faster
BASIC programs was called for.
238 COHPUTI! May 1963
The most important idea is to spend your
time where the program is spending its time.
There is little value in clipping a few milliseconds
off a section of the program which is traversed
only once or twice. It also helps if programs are
laid out from the start with fast execution in mind.
The best wav to write faster, more efficient pro-
grams is to know your tools. To understand the
wav BASIC works, one needs to know:
• How it proceeds from statement to state-
ment and line to line,
• How it branches and sets up loops,
• How it stores and looks up variables,
matrices, and strings, and, most important
for speed,
• How long it takes to perform various
operations.
Lane Winner and Bill Wilkinson have de-
scribed many aspects of Atari BASIC recently in
very informative articles. These articles give a
clear description of the first three items above.
Briefly, BASIC lines arc stored sequentially in
memory beginning with line numbers and the
number of bytes offset to the next line. The offset
to the next statement precedes each tokenized
BASIC statement. Tokens are one-byte identifiers
of commands, variables, etc., which serve as offset
addresses in appropriate tables. Command and
syntax tables guide the interpretation of the state-
ment. A matrix or string would be tracked from
the variable name table through the variable value
table to the string array table. Branch destination
lines are found by sequentially comparing line
numbers from the beginning of the program each
time the branch is made. Return line numbers
and statement offsets are saved on a last-in, first-
out runtime stack.
The main focus of this article is on the time
required to perform a specific operation in Atari
BASIC. This information should allow a program-
mer to make better choices to increase speed.
Before looking at BASIC operation times,
let's review the kinds of advice about speeding
up programs which have been published in vari-
ous places. Such advice falls into three categories:
A. Choose the most efficient program logic
for the task at hand.
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A
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B. Don't distract the machine while it is trying
to get your calculation done.
C. Avoid unnecessary or time-consuming
operations, particularly in loops.
Type A advice includes selecting the most
efficient algorithm, rewriting heavily revised pro-
grams to eliminate the tangles, and substituting
machine language for BASIC loops, via USR sub-
routines. Advice in categories B and C is usually
more specific, recommending particular machine
operations or program sequences.
Turning The Screen Off
Fixes of type B might involve shutting down the
screen t)r using a lower resolution graphics display
while calculations are in progress. Screen support
in Graphics mode 0 occupies 31 percent of the
Atari's time, which may be saved with POKE
559,0 before entering the calculational loop and
later POKEing 559,34 to get the display back. An
additional three percent saving accrues when the
display processor is turned off by inserting a one
in register 66 in place of the usual zero. The displa v
processor should be disabled after the screen, but
not before the next vertical blank period; wait 17
milliseconds (nis) to be sure. Before the machine
gets down to serious computation, all INPUT,
READ, and disk access operations should be com-
pleted. Removal of such extraneous activities from
its workload leaves the 6502 free to crunch your
numbers as fast as BASIC will allow.
Most timesaving programming hints are of
type C. BASIC branches to a line number or re-
turns to a FOR statement by searching line num-
bers from the start of the program; thus, fret]uently
used destination lines and loops should have low
line numbers. Similarly, variables, matrix ele-
ments, and strings must be looked up in the vari-
able name table and should be near the beginning
of the table if they are used often.
GOSUBs and loops remember where to return
by saving that line number on a stack. Removing
GOSUBs from loops and placing the most repeated
loop deepest in nested loops should minimize
such stack operations. Calculations may be need-
lessly repeated by placing them within a loop. For
example, multiplication every time through a
loop can often be replaced by multiplying the
sum once after the loop is completed. Most of
these hints are based on a valid premise, but some
offer negligible time savings.
Some contradictory admonitions are also in
circulation. Preferences for both variables and
constants in BASIC statements have appeared.
The relative merits of IF _ THEN _ and ON _
GOTO , , conditional branches are debated
in letters to the editor. Some confusion may de-
velop when the characteristics of one computer
240 COMPUTE! MovW83
are assumed to be the same as those of ant>ther.
For the Atari, constants are actually marginally
faster than the equivalent variable. Constants are
ten to forty times slower to read in a BASIC line
for both PET and Apple, which is the reason why
BASIC games written for these machines all seem
to start with the sequence, Nl = 1:N0 = NI-N1:
N2 = N1 + N1:.... The construction IF A THEN _
which fails (A = 0) is the single fastest BASIC op-
eration for all three machines, but ON GOTO
may be preferred for the PET under most
conditions.
Timing Functions
The time for an operation in BASIC is easily de-
termined: set up a loop to perform the operation
some number of times and then read the internal
clock (RTCLOK at 18, 19, 20; notice that the order
of bit significance is the reverse of that given in
Appendix I of the Atari BASIC Refemice Maiimi)
before and after the loop. The following program
does this timing for any desired operation substi-
tuted for FUNCTION(A) in line 50. Loop overhead
time is obtained by removing the f miction from
the loop.
10 REM «* BASIC FUNCTION TIMER **
2 0 W=1000:DVERHEAD=1.5S3 33 333:A=-I.2
345678<?:B = S'.B7654321
30 FOR K=l TO 3
40 POKE 559. 0: X=PEEK <20) +PEEK ( 19 ) *
256
50 FOR 1=1 TO N: C=FUNCTIDN ( A ) : NEXT 1
60 Y = PEEK ( 20> +?££!<:( 1 9) *256: POKE 559,
3 4
70 ? ( lOOO/N) » ( Y-X ) /60-OVERHEAD; " ms,
C = " , C
80 FDR J=l TO 1000: NEXT J: NEXT K
Line 20 establishes parameters for the loop.
The variables used in the loop should have nine
significant figures because some functions are
faster with fewer digits. The POKE 359,0 com-
mand in line 40 turns off the TV screen so that we
can obtain times independent of screen support.
The clock is read in lines 40 and 60 with the differ-
ence printed in 70. The K loop (lines 3[)-80) repeats
the measurement so that we may see any clock
rollover and roundoff effects, and the J loop in
line 80 allows us to observe the results between
runs.
The time data in the table demonstrate that
Atari BASIC operates in the millisecond time do-
main which corresponds to a few thousand
machine cycles. Addition and subtraction require
two milliseconds. Multiplication and division are
several times longer. Logarithms, exponentiation,
trigonometric functions, and square roots take
about a tenth of a second. It is clear that we should
avoid using the latter functions in loops whenever
possible.
Integer powers up to 12 or more are actually
faster by direct multiplication. As an example.
BASIC Operation Times (milliseconds) [a]
Arithmetic Functions
A + B 2.0 A»B 3-12[b]
A-B 2.1 A/B S[c]
SQR 99 A'B 150
COS Sllf] CLOG(B) 84
SIN 51[f] LOG(B) 89
ATN 79[fl EXP(B) 76
Assignments
Special Functions
A = #[d]
A = B[e]
A = B + 1
A = A(3,3)
A(3,3) = A
1.15
1.18
1.5
2.0
4.4
4.0
PEEK( )
POKE_,_
FRE(O)
RND(O)
ABS( )
INT( )
SGN( + )
SGN(-)
ADR
3.1
2.5
2.5
9.5
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.5
Strings [gl
Graphics
ASC 2.6
CHR$ 2.5
LEN 2.6
STR$ 2.5
VAL 3.7
C$ = B$ 1.5
C$ = B$(I,I) 3.9
A$(I,I) = B$ 3,6
C$(I,J) = B$(K,U 6,1
GRAPHICS
COLOR
SETCOLOR
SOUND
PLOT
LOCATE
POSITION
STICK/STRIG
15-81
1.1
3.1
2.9
2.9
4.7
1.1
2.8
Branches and Loops
line look up
FOR/STEP/NEXT
GOSUB/RETURN
GOTO
ONNGOTO_„
1F_THEN_
A = 0
A = #orvar.
A
TRAP (set)
0.041 ms per line
1.7 (all in one line) STEP adds no time
1.7 (to line 2, return to line 4)
(2.0 to line 2)
(1.2+ N)
false
1.4
1.7
0.52
2.0
true
2.5
2.9
1.7
LPRINT with no printer 930
A{3,4) = A with DIM A{3,3) 3.
GOTO 1 with no line 1 1.7
X = USR(addr,A,B)
(# variables passed:
3.5, 4.6, 6.1
0, 1, 2)
[a] Measured with the screen off and the display processor
on; multiply by 1.45 to get normal graphics mode 0 time.
[b] Multiplication time varies from 3.1 to 12.3 ms depending
on the sum, S, of digits in the multiplier only. T(ms) = 2.99 +
.1154*5 (see text).
[c] Division takes 8+/-2 ms with rare extremes of 5.3 and
12.3 ms.
[d] # means 1.23456789 was entered in the BASIC statement,
le] All Atari BASIC functions require 0.035 ms longer to get a
variable than read the same number in the BASIC line.
[f] Trig functions take the same time in degree and radian
modes.
[g] String operations involve 10 characters except as noted.
R2 = X*X + Y*Y + Z*Z takes only 23 ms, while the
more typical R2 = X"2-l-Y"2-(-Z"2 requires 460
ms. The SQR function does offer a one-third
savings compared to R"{0.5), but 0.1 second is
still a long time.
The time required for trig functions suggests
that it might be quicker to cast problems in a geo-
metric format and use triangle ratios directly. A
better solution is to calculate the trig functions
separately and pass the values to the loop as vari-
ables. The binary operations addition, subtraction,
and division show little effect of operand order,
digit size, or the number of digits.
Multiplication is more complicated in Atari
BASIC. It depends almost exclusively on the mul-
tiplier, the left member of the product A*B. Both
the number and magnitude of the digits in the
multiplier are important, but in a simple way.
The sum, S, of all the digits in the multiplier
determines multiplication time according to the
relation, T(ms) = 2.99 + 0.1154*5. So, small
numbers should be multipliers and larger ones
multiplicands.
An example of this occurs in the Timer pro-
gram above, where a two-byte number is read
from memory with the statement:
PEEK(20) + PEEK(19)*256. This statement has the
preferred form because the most probable sum of
digits in an unknown byte is 10 compared to
2 + 5 + 6 = 13 for the multiplicand. This kind of
information should allow time savings every time
a program is written.
Looking Up Variables
Something that doesn't appear in the table is the
observability of differences in lookup time for
variables. Comparison of reading times for vari-
ables separated by 35 positions in the variable
name table failed to show any time differences.
The idea that a low position in the variable name
table would yield shorter access times for loop
variables is not borne out in practice. Another
great idea ambushed by the facts. It is also possible
to compare read times for constants and variables
since BASIC treats floating point numbers from
any source the same way. Variables require 0.035
ms longer than constants in all operations.
A closer look at the table indicates that the
one millisecond time scale probably represents the
overhead time associated with BASIC itself. Even
the functions ABS and SGN, which interact with
only the single sign bit of a number, require about
two ms for execution. I had expected that the more
direct byte manipulations of memory such as
PEEK, POKE, and strings would be very fast com-
pared to floating point number juggling. Such is
McYl9a3 COMPIfn> 241
not the case, as can be seen bv comparing the
times forCS = BS, 1.5 ms, and A = B, 1.2 ms, where
both involve ten characters.
Matrix element assignments are significantly
slower than variable or string assignments. Cal-
culation of indexed element locations in the string
array table probably accounts for the extra time in
both matrix and substring operations. Atari's spe-
cial graphics functions all proceed with reasonable
alacrity.
Even the GRAPHICS command {which takes
80 ms in mode 8) is not slow, considering that it
completely rewrites screen memorv. The principal
use for speedy graphics functions is in writing
games, and one caveat in this area is that the often
used random number generator is quite slow at
9.6 ms. BASIC game designers who need random
numbers wouki do well to prepare a table outside
the main game loop.
Probably the most interesting time-saving
features are in the branches and loops section of
the table. The time required to compare each line
number with the destination line number is onh'
0.04 ms, which can add up in a hurry, or perhaps
I should say slowly. In the megapass interior loop
of the program mentioned earlier, finding the
FOR statement in line 5 took a little over three
minutes, but it would have required over two
hours in the original form of the program. Each of
the branch times in the table should have appro-
priate line hookup times added. 1 reallv don't
suggest that you do such calculations, but rather
that you realize the implications and organize
vour programs accordingly.
A one-line FOR/NEXt loop takes 1.65 ms per
cycle; placing the NEXT statement in the following
line increases the repeat time to 1.71 ms. This
means that BASIC uses 0.06 ms to fetch the next
line. The savings of in-line FOR/NEXT loops are
small compared to other time-savers. The
megapass loop above took only one minute per
line for fetching the next line or about one percent
of the total loop time. Inclusion of a STEP in the
FOR/NEXT counter adds no time because the step
is ahoays there, with a default value of one.
Fast GOSUBs
As the table shows, a GOSUB-RETURN sequence
takes less time than a GOTO. This is unexpected.
Particularly in view of the fact that branches with
returns (GOSUBs) must first leave their intended
return address on a "stack" in the computer, for
later reference. I suspected some sort of error in
at least one of these measurements, but several
more measurements in different program envi-
ronments gave consistent results. Why? Anyone
know?
The conditional branch commands ON —
GOTO _, , and IF _ THEN _ vary in time
242 COMPUTI! MavWSa
requirements depending on the wav they are
used. "The road not taken" with A = 0:1F A THEN
is the quickest thing BASIC can do (or not do),
taking 0.52 ms on the Atari. This quick test could
be very useful in determining when to leave a
many-pass loop because it is so much faster than
anything else. The IF construction is faster than
ON GOTO for simple decisions, but the
latter is superior to a sequence of IF statements
for multiple branches.
It is also worth noting that the more frequently
chosen destinations should be moved to the front
of the GOTO list because each position costs one
ms per branch. The TRAP statement is included
among conditional branches because that's what
it is, and because it is occasionally used to make
exit decisions in loops. The time required for trap
branching is essentially the time needed to try the
operation, establish an error condition, then
branch. The fastest trap I've found is to GOTO a
nonexistent line 0. TRAP is useful to test whether
a disk drive or printer is on-line, but these opera-
tions can take many seconds before an error is
established.
USR Times
The last entry in the table is the USR function
which calls a machine language subroutine and
passes variables to the subroutine. BASIC converts
the floating point variables into two-byte integers
and leaves them in designated memory registers.
The three times listed correspond to passing none,
one, or two variables. The subroutine tested here
performed the housekeeping required by USR
(clearing the processor stack) and returned.
Minimum time for machine language inter-
facing is over three ms; thus, USR calls will not be
an effective way to accomplish isolated operations
quickly. A better approach would be to construct
entire loops or functions which can take advantage
of machine language speed, particularly integer
arithmetic, without repeated returns to BASIC.
Adding It All Up
When I first needed to know how long the Atari
takes to do things, I was surprised that such data
had not already been published. After taking the
measurements, I find it much easier to under-
stand. The results often vary in different program
environments, and complete definition of "pro-
gram environment" is not easy. Even so, the rela-
tive times for alternative operations should be
consistent in other situations. You should be able
to make better programming choices from the
data presented here. A number of general obser-
vations about Atari BASIC are worth repeating:
• Nothing much happens in less than 1.2 ms.
• Constants are faster than variables, but not
enough to get excited about.
• Multiplication is a complicated affair in
which we want to put the least first.
• Logs, roots, trigs, and powers take a while.
• Despite their simplicity, strings are slower
than floatingpoint numbers.
• Access times for matrix elements and sub-
strings are much longer than variables and
whole strings.
• Lookup times within the variable name
table and variable value table were too short
to measure.
• Runtime stack operations don't appear to
be very time-consuming.
• Calling the next line costs only 0.06 ms
which, by itself, isn't enough to justify line
packing.
• Special number modes such as degrees,
radians, and scientific notation have no
measurable effect on operation times.
• The single most effective time-saver is to
turn off the screen.
Programs should be organized to isolate the
most time-consuming parts so that special atten-
tion is needed only in these sections. The entry
routine placed at the back of the program should
take care of program setup, including all input,
disk access, and other slow interactive processes.
The main routine may have large parts which
are not repeated and use little time. The time-
consuming parts should be moved to the front of
the program as a subroutine and carefully op-
timized using the timing information in this article,
line packing, or anything else that leads to
maximum efficiency. The latter part of the main
routine cleans up after the fast subroutines and
delivers the results to an output routine which
displays and prints them.
If the program is interactive and includes
frequent reruns, then reentry points which take
advantage of the original setup should be pro-
vided. The sequence in the program listing will
be (1) branch to entry, (2) optimized subroutines,
(3) main routine, (4) output, and (5) entry. I seldom
succeed in preparing a program in this manner
from the beginning, but reorganization with these
goals in mind is very effective.
References
D. T. Pieie, "Prime Time," Creative Cvniptititi'^ 8, June
1982, p. 107.
Ed Stewart, "Unleash the Power of Your Atari CPU,"
COMPUTE1, April 1981, p. 102.
Bill Wilkin.son, "Insight: Atari," COMPUTE!, January -
May 1982.
Lane Winner, "The Atari Tutorial Part 6: Atari BASIC,"
Byte, February 1982, p. 91, and De Re Atari, chap.
10, Atari, Inc., 1981. ©
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systems monitor and record informahon on ex-
periments in progress. For example, a chemist
may use a special electrode to measure the con-
centration of a particular component in a chemical
solution. As the concentration changes, the
electrode sends a varying voltage to an analog-to-
digital converter. The converter changes the vol-
tage signal to binary data which can be recorded
and stored for later analysis.
To log the data, the chemist could use a
special-purpose data acquisition system perhaps
costing thousands of dollars and useful only for a
particular type of experiment. On the other hand,
a microcomputer could be programmed to perform
the same function. Moreover, to perform another
type of experiment, the chemist need only modify
the program instead of buying new equipment.
When the data is stored, the computer might also
be useful in analyzing it.
Surprisingly Simple
There is a surprisingly simple method for con-
verting the VIC into a data acquisition system. A
good acquisition system is based on a clock which
uses interrupts to sample the user port at adjust-
able, fixed intervals. Data acquisition software is
usually complicated because you must worr}^
244 COMPimi May 1983
about interrupts generated from the jiffy clock.
A simpler scheme is to append the data ac-
quisition routine to the front of the interrupt ser-
vice routine which is already functioning in con-
nection with the jiffy clock. Every 16.667 mil-
liseconds, VIC interrupts whatever it is doing to
look at the keyboard and update the jiffy timer.
Here's how to attach your own program to the
jiffy service routine and how to set the jiffy clock
to any rate of data acquisition.
To change the number of interrupts per sec-
ond, just POKE different numbers into the low
timer latch (37158) and the high timer latch (37159).
Under normal operating conditions, these bytes
are loaded with 137 in the low latch and 66 in the
high latch. An interrupt is generated and the
latches are reloaded into the counters whenever
the counters are decremented to zero. The number
of cycles between interrupts is two cycles greater
than the number in the latches.
You might expect the counter to be loaded
with 16667 less two, since the normal interrupts
are every 1/60 of a second; but 66*256 + 137 = 17033
rather than 16665. This means simply that the "1
MHz" counter decrements at 1.022*10'' Hz, not at
an even rate of 1.00*10*' Hz. So, to make the jiffy
clock interrupt at a rate different than the normal
1/60 per second, just multiply the desired number
of microseconds per interrupt by 1.022 and sub-
tract two from that number. Example: for a mil-
lisecond interrupt (1000*1. 022)-2= 1020, so you
would POKE 3 into the high byte at location
37159, and 252 into the low byte at location 37158
(3*256 -I- 252 = 1020) -and now you have an inter-
rupt every millisecond.
There are limits to this method of changing
the jiffy clock to produce varied interrupts. At the
slow end, the largest number that could be loaded
is $FFFF, or 65535. For the longest time interval
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Interruptions Can
Make Your Games
Run Faster
Ottis Cowper, Technicol Editor
This is a very powerful programming tech-
nique, the interrupt driven subroutine, which
has a much wider range of applications than
merely gathering data from the user port.
For example, how would you like your com-
puter to handle two jobs at once? Actually,
the 6502 microprocessor is a sequential device
and can only do one operation at a time, but
the VIC's hardware interrupts occur so fre-
quently (60 times per second) that a machine
language interrupt routine can appear to
work concurrently with BASIC.
A Demonstration
As a demonstration, make the additions and
changes shown in Program 1 to the program
in the article. (This demonstration is for the
uncxpanded VIC and requires a joystick.
Remove or disable any expansion modules.)
Since the DATA statements contain a
machine language routine, they iriiist be
typed in exactly as shown. Be sure to save a
copy of the program before you RUN since
an error in an interrupt routine almost always
causes your system to lock you out. For those
interested in the operation of the routine,
a disassembly of the code is provided in
Program 2.
When you RUN the program, you
should see a bar appear in the center of the
screen. Try moving your joystick left and
right and notice how smoothly the bar moves.
Type in a new value for the high and low
bytes of the timer. Higher timer values slow
down the bar movement; lower values speed
it up. Compare this to the slow and jerky
movement you're used to in BASIC, and
imagine how an interrupt joystick or charac-
ter movement routine would improve your
favorite game.
The main point is that the joystick
reading and bar movement are totally inde-
pendent of BASIC. To prove this to yourself,
hit the STOP key. You'll see the message
BREAK IN 35. The BASIC program has
ended, but the interrupt routine is not af-
fected. The bar movement continues as
before. To disable the routine, hit the RUN/
STOP and RESTORE keys at the same time.
How To Add It To Your Programs
Here is the procedure for adding an interrupt
driven routine to your BASIC program (ex-
ample lines from the program given in the
article are noted in parentheses):
1. Reserve room for the new routine
somewhere in memory (line 10).
2. Load the machine language code into
the protected area (line 15).
3. Disable interrupts, load the address
(known as the "interrupt vector") of the
new routine into locations 788 and 789,
and re-enable interrupts (line 20).
4. If necessary, modify the speed of the
interrupt routine by adjusting the rate of
the jiffy clock (line 30).
5. It is absolutely essential that the ap-
pended interrupt routine end with a
JuMP to the normal ROM interrupt
handling routine (for the VIC, this would
be JMP $EABF).
Program 1: Demonstration Program
11 PRINT" {clear}"
1 2 FORI=38400TO38905 : POKEI , 0 : NEXT
13 POKE 1,8:POKE2,10
14 FORI=0TO2:POKE7909+I,160:NEXT
15 FORZ=0TO69:READQ:POKE( 28*256+2), Q:NEXTZ
22 DATA 166,1,164,2,169,127,141,34,145,173
23 DATA 31,145,41,16,240,26,173,32,145,41
24 DATA 128,208,35,192,21,240,31,169,32,157
25 DATA 220,30,232,200,169,160,153,220,30,24
26 DATA 144,16,224,0,240,12,169,32,153,220
27 DATA 30,202,136,169,160,157,220,30,134,1
28 DATA 132,2,169,255,141,34,145,76,191,234
3 5 GOT03 5
Program 2: Disassembly Of Mactiine
Language Routine In Program 1
1C00
1C02
1C04
1C06
1C09
1C0C
1C0E
1C10
iC13
1C15
1017
1C19
ICIB
ICID
1C20
102 1
1C22
1C24
1C27
1C28
1C2A
1C2C
1C2E
1C30
1C33
1C34
1C35
1C37
1C3A
1C3C
1C3E
1C40
IC43
A6 01
A4 02
A9 7F
80 22
AD IF
29 10
F0 lA
AD 20
29 80
D0 23
C0 15
F0 IF
A9 20
9D DC
E8
C8
A9 A0
99 DC
18
90 10
E0 00
F0 00
A9 20
99 DC
CA
88
A9 A0
9D DC
36 01
84 02
A9 FF
8D 22
4C BF
LDX
LDY
LDA
91 STA
91 LDA
AND
BEQ
91 LDA
AND
BNE
CPY
BEQ
LDA
IE STA
I MX
I NY
LDA
IE STA
CLC
BCC
CPX
BEQ
LDA
IE STA
DEX
DEY
LDA
IE STA
STX
STY
LDA
91 STA
EA JMP
$01
$02
#?7F
$9122
?911F
#S10
S1C2A
$9120
#$80
51C3A
*$15
$1C3A
#520
SIEDC.X
#?A0
51EDC,Y
S1C3A
*500
$IC3A
#S20
$1EDC,Y
#?A0
$1EDC,X
?01
$02
#$FF
$9122
?EABF
246 COMPUTl! Moyl'Sa
VIC-20 6l C64
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CIE Cartridge (IEEE-488 for C64]
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45,00
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EPYX-PlQttermania^ Cartridge 39.95
Heswriter for VIC-20^ Cartridge 39.95
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Southwest Micro Systems Inc.* 2554 Southwell -Dallas, Texas 75229*(214] 484-7836
between interrupts, the number of microseconds
would be (65535 + 2)/]. 022 = 64126. The fast end
limit is set by the percent of time remaining for
BASIC. This percent is derived by (L-IR);(L + 2),
where L is the number POKEd in the timer latch
described above, and IR is the number of cycles
taken up by the unmodified interrupt service
routine.
There are approximately 220 cycles in the
unmodified interrupt service routine; thus, if the
number POKEd into the timer approaches 220,
there will be no time available for anything other
than attending to the interrupt service routine.
Here's how to add your own machine lan-
guage routine to the jiffy clock service routine.
Normally, when the decrementing counter hits
zero, the operation is transferred to the interrupt
service routine whose beginning address (SEABF)
is stored in 788 and 789 ($0314 and $0315). By
changing the address in 788 and 789, you can tell
VIC to do additional instructions in machine lan-
guage and then go to SEABF to run the normal
service routine.
To change the address in 788 and 789, you
must disable the interrupt enable register for the
jiffy clock to allow the number in these locations
to be changed. POKEing location 37166 with 128
wdll disable the interrupt; after the addresses in
788 and 789 have been changed, POKEing location
37166 with 192 will enable the interrupts again.
Here's a sample program:
10 POKE52,28:POKE56,28:REM SETTING UPPER ~
BOUNDARY FOR BASIC
15 FOR Z=0 TO 9:READ Q: POKEC 28*256+2} , Q:N
EXT 2: REM MACHINE PROGRAM IN PAGE
28
20 POKE3 7166,128:POKE788,0:POKE789,28:POK
£37166,192
21 REM LINE 20 CAUSES THE INTERRUPT TO NO
W GO TO PAGE 28
25 DATA 173,16,145,157,0,29,232,76,191,23
4
30 INPUT"LOW":Nl: INPUT"HIGH" r N2 :POKE371S8
,N1:P0KE37159,N2
31 REM LINE 30 CHANGES THE TIMING OF THE ~
INTERRUPT
The machine language program in line 25 disas-
sembles to:
ICOO LDA S9110; Get data from user port
1C03 STA $1D00,X; Store data in page 29 ring buffer
1C06 LNX; Increment pointer for ring buffer
1C07 JMP SEABF; Jump to normal jiffy service
routine
This program can be used as a guide for set-
ting up the jiffy clock for timed data acquisition.
One additional consideration in terms of the per-
cent of time left for BASIC: the above program
has added an additional fourteen cycles which
must be added to the IR variable. Exercise caution
if data is to be gathered at faster than half-
millisecond intervals. C
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Optimizing PET Speed
Michael W. Schaffer
Careful numbering of program lines in Commodore
Upgrade and 4.0 BASIC can improve the execution
speed ofGOTOs and GOSUBs. This technique is not
applicable to the VIC-20, but the VIC is quite fast with-
out it.
You can improve the efficiency of certain GOTOs
and GOSUBs in your programs. The technique,
though simple, is apparent only if you look at a
disassembly of the BASIC ROM {it's at hex B830
in 4.0 ROMs).
The major overhead in the execution of
GOTOs and GOSUBs is the time taken by BASIC
to find the line number you are going to (the target
line number). To start the search, BASIC first com-
pares the high-order byte of the target line number
to the high-order byte of the current line number.
If the target high byte is larger, then BASIC starts
to search at the next line of the program. Other-
wise, BASIC starts the search at the beginning of
the program.
Notice that BASIC only compares the high
byte of the line numbers: small jumps forward
may still be searched for from the beginning of
the program. By carefully numbering the lines of
your program, you can avoid this waste of time.
The rule for this is simple:
Minimum target line number = 256*{INT(current
linc#/256)4-l)
In a test program of 100 lines followed by a
forward GOSUB, the speed of 100 executions of
the GOSUB was improved by a factor of three by
numbering the GOSUB as shown above. The
amount of time saved is directly dependent on
the length of your program and the position of
the GOTO or GOSUB in the program, but can be
significant, especially in user-interactive routines.
Program 1:
Non-optimized GOSUB And Sample Run
100 REM NOTICE THAT THE HIGH BYTES ARE EQ
UAL
250 T0=TI:FOR 1=1 TO 100:GOSUB 255:NEXT:PR
INT"NON-OPTIMIZED"; (TI-T0) : END
255 RETURN
NON-OPTIMIZED 63
Program 2:
Optimized GOSUB And Sample Run
100 REM NOTICE THAT THE HIGH BYTES ARE NO
T EQUAL
250 T0=TI:FOR 1=1 TO 100:GOSUB 255;NEXT:PR
INT"0PTIMI2ED"; (TI-T0) : END
2 56 RETURN
OPTIMIZED 19 ©
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Mav1Q63 COMPimi 249
Tl BASIC One-Liners
Michoel A Covington
The Tl BASIC DEF statement can become a powerful
tool in your programmer's bag of tricks. Here's how to
use it.
If you've been programming in BASIC for any
time at all, you've surely come across, and used,
some of the built-in functions that the language
provides, such as INT, SIN, COS, TAN, ATN,
and LOG. But did you know that you can use the
DEF statement to create functions of your own?
Defining your own functions lets you type a com-
plicated formula only once, and it allows you to
build complex functions out of simple ones in a
most efficient way.
Suppose, for instance, that your LOG func-
tion gives you natural (base c) logarithms, and
you want base 10 logarithms. (If you're not sure
which you've got, type PRINT LbG(lO) - if the
answer is 1, you're in base 10, and if it's about
2.3026, you're in base c.) You can convert base
e logarithms to base 10 by dividing them by
2.302585093, so one of the options open to you is
obviously to write LOG(X)/2. 302585093 (or what-
ever) every time you need a base 10 log. But there's
an easier way.
Creating Functions
To create your own function - let's call it LOGIO,
though some computers may insist that you name
it something like FNL - just include, early in your
program, a statement like this:
10 DEF LOGIO (X) = LOG(X)/2.302585093
From then on, you'll be able to use the new
function LOGIO to get base 10 logarithms. Try it
out with a program something like this:
10 DEF LDSIO (X ) =LDS ( X) /2. 3025S5O93
20 FOR 1=1 TO lO STEP 0.1
30 PRINT I,L0610(I)
40 NEXT I
and compare the results against a table of
logarithms.
The DEF statement is different from most
BASIC statements in that it can't refer to variables.
(The X in it - it could be any variable name - is
used only as a placeholder for the number within
the parentheses; it is completely separate from
any variable named X that you may use elsewhere
in the program.) You can refer only to numbers or
250 COMPUIt! MavW83
other functions. Some computers require that the
name of the function be three letters and that the
first two be FN - FNA, FNB, FNL, and so forth -
although the TI-99, and many other microcom-
puters, allow you to name functions with the same
type of names you use for variables.
Sample One Liners
So that's how it's done. Now let's look at some
practical examples.
1. Base 10 logarithms. That's what we've just
discussed. For reference, here is the statement:
DEF LOGIO(X) = LOG(X)/2.302S85093
(assuming your machine's LOG function gives
you base e logs).
2. Base 2 logarith)ns. On a machine on which
the LOG function gives base c logarithms, you
can get base 2 logarithms by using:
DEF LOG2 (X) = LOG(X)/0. 6931471806
If your machine's LOG function gives base 10
logarithms, you'll need to use DEF
LOG2(X) = LOG(X)/0.3010299957 instead.
3. Degrees to radians. If X is the measure of an
angle in degrees, then RAD(X) will be the same
angle measured in radians, if you define the fol-
lowing function:
DEF RAD(X) = X/57.29577951
4. Radians to degrees. The opposite function,
converting X in radians to DEG(X) in degrees, is:
DEF DEG(X) = X*57.29577951
5. Arcsine (in radians). The following defini-
tion will give you the arcsine function (which is
not usually provided in implementations of
BASIC, although the arctangent is).
DEF ASN(X) = 2* ATN(X/(1 + SQR(1-X"2)))
If you look through a table of trigonometric iden-
tities, you may find an apparently ecquivalent, but
simpler, formula that would lead to the statement
DEF ASN(X) = ATN(X/SQR(1-X"2)). But note that
this version won't do ASN(l) correctly (it will
try to divide by zero). Hence the first version is
preferable.
6. Arccosiuc (in radians). If you have the
arcsine function, you can get the arccosine, as
follows:
DEFACS(X) = 1. 570796327- ASN(X)
Remember that the DEF statement for ASN must
precede the DEF statement for ACS (you can't
refer to a function until you've defined it).
7. Rounding to a partictilnr number of decimal
places. Where // stands for the number of decimal
places you want, use the definition:
DEF ROU(X) = INT(((10"n)»X) + 0.5)/(10'n)
Note that vou must substitute a number for n; in
most implementations, )i cannot be a variable.
Fience, for example, if you want rounding to three
decimal places, your statement will read DEF
ROU(X) = INT(((10'3)*X) + 0.5)/(10'3). The
number of decimal places can be negative, of
course; if you want to round to the nearest 10, ask
for-1 decimal place, and if you want to round to
the nearest 1000, ask for -3 decimal places.
8. Rounding to a particular uuitdvr of significant
digits. Often, you'll find that the most convenient
type of rounding involves coming up with a par-
ticular number of significant digits rather than a
particular number of decimal places. You can
accomplish this with the definition
DEF RSFl(X) = (N-l)-INT(LOGlO(X))
DEF RSF(X) = INT((ao"RSFl(X))*X) + 0.5)/{1o"rSF1 (X))
Here the definition is so complex that it is best
done in two stages: first we define RSFl, which is
a function used internally in RSF, and then we
define RSF, which is the function we actually use.
ti stands for the number of significant digits you
want; as before, you must substitute a number for
it when typing the definition into the computer.
A word of warning: RSF (with its subsidiary
calls to RSFl, which in turn calls LOGIO) can take
quite a bit of time to execute (about half a second
of realtime on the TI-99).
9. Sexagesima! output: minutes. Our practice of
expressing time in hours, minutes, and seconds,
and angles in degrees, minutes, and seconds, is a
remnant of an ancient Babylonian base-60
(sexagesimal) number system. Often, in a com-
puter program dealing with time or with angles,
it is desirable to express the output in terms of
units, minutes, and seconds. The units are ob-
tained by taking INT(X); thus the units part of 2.5
hours = INT(2.5) = 2 hours. Here is a function
that gives the minutes part:
DEF MNT(X) = INT(60»(X-INT(X)))
That is, we take the non-integer part of the value,
multiply it by 60, and take the INT of that.
10. Sexngesimnl output: seconds. The seconds
part of the value, in turn, is given by:
DEF SCD(X) = 60*(60*(X-INT(X))-MNT(X))
That is, we subtract the integer part and the
minutes; what's left gets multiplied by 60 twice.
The sexagesimal output functions can be tested
by means of a program such as the following:
10 DEF MNT (X) =INT (60t < X-INT (X) ) )
20 DEF SCD (X ) =60* (60* < X-INT (X) ) -MNT (
X ) )
30 FDR H=0 TO 2 STEP O.Ol
40 PRINT
50 PRINT H, "HOURS"
60 PRINT INT (H) , MNT <H) , SCD (H>
7 0 NEXT H
From this we learn, for example, that 0.01 of an
hour is 36 seconds, and that 0.5 of an hour is 30
minutes. (If your computer uses binary, rather
than BCD or Radix-100, internal representations
of numbers, you may get odd errors due to round-
ing or lack of it. The solution would be to round
the number of hours to some reasonably small
number of decimal places before invoking the
conversions, and perhaps to insert some rounding
in the definitions of MNT and SCD themselves.)
Incidentally, for sexagesimal input, you don't
need any special functions, only a bit of multipli-
cation. For instance, the statements
10 PRINT "TYPE HOURS, MINUTES. SECON
DS"
20 INPUT H,M,S
30 H=H+M/60+S/3&00
will give you (as H) the number of hours expressed
as a decimal.
11. Modulo 12 arithmetic. In dealing with hours,
you'll often want to reduce numbers to modulo
12. For instance, if it's 11 a.m., then vou can cal-
culate the time four hours later by adding 11-1-4
(which gives you 15) and then taking the result
modulo 12. The function definition is:
DEF MOD12(X) = 12*(X/12-INT(X/12))
(unless, of course, your computer has a built-in
MOD function, which is even simpler to use).
This particular function is likely to be bothered by
rounding and truncation errors. On the Tl-99, 1
get accurate results for numbers under 1000 or so,
but larger numbers give slightly erroneous an-
swers; a binary machine might be plagued by
worse problems.
12. Modulo 60 arithmetic. The same function,
giving modulo 60 answers (for dealing with
minutes and seconds), is:
DEF MOD60(X>=60*(X/60 - INT(X/60))
(as if you couldn't have guessed). The following
program starts with a time expressed as H hours
M minutes, and adds Ml minutes:
10 DEF M0D12 ( X > =12» ( X/ 12-INT ( X/ 12) >
20 DEF M0D60 ( X ) =60« (X/60 -INT < X/60) )
30 INPUT H.M
40 INPUT Ml
50 M=MOD60 EM+Ml )
60 H=H+INT (Ml /60)
70 PRINT H,M
Line 50 adds the right number to the minutes
part, and line 60 adds to the hours part if
necessary. @
Mav 19B3 COMPUTE! 251
Guest Commentary
Is RAM Memory A
Status Symbol?
Barry Miles
Many expensive technological items are bought
as status symbols. Are all those Hewlett Packard
HP 41c's really used to their fullest extent, for
long programs and the use of ROM libraries of
fancy programs, or are they merely left on the
executive's desk to say "I'm so important that I
can justify a purchase of the state-of-the-art pro-
grammable calculator"?
The advent of really large RAM sizes means
that we should rethink the relationship between
RAM and disk storage. We have for a long time
lived with the idea that we should use RAM spar-
ingly. This probably stems from the need to con-
serve RAM usage in a mainframe environment,
so that as many users as possible may access the
machine at once and so that the queuing problem
is reduced to a minimum. Programmers are likely
to continue to think in this way, even when the
need has evaporatecT
Perhaps an example should be taken from
the approach used in managerial economics. In
budgeting for the future, businessmen seek to
identify the Principal Budget Factor - that factor
which prevents the business from expanding to
infinity. They then seek to make the very best use
of that scarce resource, so as to maximize profits.
Thev usually make strenuous efforts to reniove
the bottleneck which that resource represents, by
increasing the amount of it which is available: if
you are short of skilled labor, you seek to take on
more people, for instance. The successful
businessmen are the ones who first remove the
constraint which is holding them back, then cor-
rectly identify the new constraint and seek to re-
move it, and so on.
What I am saying is that once RAM ceases to
be a scarce resource, we should cease trying to
economize in its use, especially as it becomes
progressively cheaper, and particularly when it
becomes cheaper than similar amounts of secondary
storage (such as disks or tapes).
A potential buyer of the Sirius computer has
an interesting choice before him; with a limited
252 COMPUH! May 1983
budget, he will need to decide between various
amounts of RAM, and whether to go for double-
sided disks to increase secondary storage capacity.
He may choose the largest amount of RAM, out
of habit, without really considering whether he
will make effective use of the extra memory.
More Is Less
Again, economics may come to our aid. The Di-
minishing Marginal Utility theory says in this
context that every extra IK of RAM is less impor-
tant to us than the previous one, to the point where
more is really of no interest.
Surely we must examine whether what we
are doing now will become easier, faster, or more
efficient if we have more RAM, and whether there
are other things which we could do with more
RAM but which are impossible at present, and
finally whether we should adopt a whole new
approach. There is a danger of misleading our-
selves or of being misled by salesmen into thinking
that more RAM must be a good idea, without
thinking out why. There is even a danger of
rationalizing in order to justify what is really only
wish-fulfillment.
We might compare this to buying a fast car.
Some sav that you're much safer in a fast car than
in a slower car, regardless of the speed at which
you are traveling. The braking system and sus-
pension of such a car have been designed to cope
with the effects of traveling quickly, and these
systems therefore work very much within their
capacity, and very efficiently at slower speeds. A
similar argument can be made for extremely pow-
erful hi-fi systems: distortion is less if you do not
have to turn up the volume very far to get the
loudness you require.
Do these arguments carry over to microcom-
puter memories? Probably not. The trouble is that
you merely get more of the same. If you do not
use it, then it just lies idle. Are you really going to
write massive BASIC or machine code programs?
Are you really going to handle vast amounts of
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data? Most likely not, at least not unless you
change your way of doing things to optimize the
use of your principal technological factor.
New Freedoms
What I am suggesting is that disks came about
because of limited RAM. Now that RAM limita-
tions can be of increasing greater size, we should
explore new freedoms. What follows may seem a
little far-fetched, but may also be just around the
corner.
First, we may take it that a one megabyte
RAM is not likely to be filled with a BASIC or
machine code program of anything near that
length. The debugging alone would take too long!
This leaves us with other possibilities.
We could fill a lot of the RAM with a wide
range of programs, and call up any of the whole
suite, instantaneously, from a special menu
program.
We could have as many programming aids in
our machine as we could conceivably wish for,
and barely scratch the surface of our new-found
capacity.
We could have a vast range of help screens
available for instantaneous recall when in trouble.
We could call in a whole succession of high
resolution pictures, which are usually slow to
load from disk, so rapidly that even animation
would be possible.
We could have split processing in one
machine. After all, it is common for two processors
to be in one machine, so why not a schizoid
machine with each part operating independently?
We could have a really enormous amount of
text in our word processor at any one time, and
have many different text areas. Our word proces-
sor could perhaps interact with our accounting
and data base programs in RAM,
Accounting suites of programs could be truly
integrated, so that final accounts are updated
after every transaction.
Our data bases could be loaded from disk
into RAM first thing in the morning, and all up-
dating could take place in RAM, so as to be almost
instantaneous. All the disk activity would have to
do is merely dump RAM contents, for safety's
sake, at convenient time intervals. Battery backup
could protect contents from voltage spikes and
power failures.
It might be that disks of all types will become
a thing of the past, with programs and data being
loaded and dumped over the telephone by a
modem, with suitable passwords and protections,
into your friendly local overnight datastore. (There
are problems in this, in that the use of telephone
lines is subject to error, but presumably this will
improve and is not an insurmountable obstacle.)
In any case, if the function of the disk unit
254 COMPUre! May 1983
changes from continual random access to in-
frequent loading and dumping, disk operating
systems could be simplified at the very least.
Perhaps the very small diameter disks which the
major companies are now developing will become
the norm; and disk units will come down in price
to become a trivial expense. That, too, is an
intriguing prospect.
This would all require greater addressability
than even the current 16 bit machines offer, but
the megabyte chip is probably just around the
corner. ©
Use the card in
the bock of this
magazine to order
your
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Disassemble To
Printer Or Disic For Atari
Mark Chasin
If you've been loondering how to take disasseiiiblies of
machine hi)i<^tiage and either store them o>i a disk or
print them out - here's your answer. These programs
will make the Atari Assembler/Editor cartridge an even
more useful programming tool.
One of the best ways to learn assembly language
programming is to look at the ways professional
programmers have written complex programs
and to study and learn their techniques. Unfortu-
nately, when we buy programs that were origi-
nally written in assembly language, thev have
already been assembled (translated) into machine
language. To make sense out of this code, we
must be able to disassemble (retranslate) it back
into assembly language.
Fortunately, those of us who have the Atari
Assembler/Editor cartridge know that Atari has
the built-in ability to disassemble machine lan-
guage back into assembly language, using the L
option in the DEBUG mode. This option will con-
vert the information stored in any section of men^-
ory into assembly language. This conversion is
then displayed on your screen, so that you can
look at any part of any machine language program
in assembly language.
That's the good news. The bad news is: 1)
you can look at only about 20 lines of assembly
language code at a time, and 2) you have no way
of storing the assembly language version for
studying later, except to copy the program from
the screen with pencil and paper. This article
shows you how to divert the output either to a
printer or to your disk and provides programs to
implement these options.
Output To A Printer
In your Atari, the Input/Output Control Block
(idCB) #0 is the default lOCB for all output oper-
ations, and it is the screen editor. The output from
the Assembler/Editor cartridge (and all other car-
tridges) is routed through this lOCB to direct the
output to the screen. In your Atari, all output to
any device is handled through the handler table,
which is simply a series of pointers to places in
the Operating System (OS), where the directions
for how the Atari is to deal with each device can
be found. Actually, these pointers are directed at
address-1 for each set of directions. Therefore, to
redirect the output of the Assembler/Editor car-
tridge to a printer, all we have to do is to change
the pointer so that it points at the address-1 of the
printer instructions in the OS.
Let's try to disassemble the first part of DOS
and get a printout of the assembly language code.
I'll assume that you have your system booted up
with DOS 2, that the Assembler/Editor cartridge
is in place in your computer, and that your printer
(and interface module, if you need it) is on. First,
go into DEBUG mode by typing BUG, followed
by a RETURN. Your screen should say DEBUG.
Next, type C346<A6,EE and another RETURN.
This changes memory locations $0346 and $0347
to $A6 and SEE, respectively. Bv the way, the
directions for dealing with a printer begin in mem-
ory location $EEA7. Remember, we point to ad-
dress-1.
All output is now directed to vour printer. If
at this point you type L0700,0756 and hit RETURN,
your printer should produce the first part of DOS
2 in assembly language, exactly as it appears in
Program 1. The format of this listing is discussed
in detail below.
Remember: All output is now directed to
your printer. To get back to the screen, you'll have
to change the pointer back to where it was. You'll
need to type C346< A3,F6 and hit RETURN. Now
you can see what you're doing, so you can go
ahead with normal output.
To A Disk File
Directing the disassembled listing of some portion
of memory to your disk drive is a bit more com-
plicated and requires a brief program to handle
housekeeping. This assembly language program
is shown in Program 2, with the origin at $0600.
Before we can direct the output to disk, we need
to open a file on the disk. For the purposes of this
discussion, we will open a file using lOCB #3,
and we'll call the file DliDISASSEM.
To do this, we first load the X register with
#$30 (for lOCB #3), in line 110 of Program 2. We'll
use this as an index into lOCB #3 throughout the
program. Next, we store the command byte for
the OPEN command, $03, into $0342,X in lines
120-130, and the command byte for the OPEN for
WRITE command, $08, into$034A,X. Then we
point to the name of the file we want to OPEN by
storing the low and high bytes of the address of
May 1983 COMPUTEI 265
this string in $0344,X and $0345,X respectively, in
lines 160-190. We can then OPEN the file by jump-
ing to the CIO subroutine in line 200. The RTS in
the next line returns control to your keyboard, so
that you can handle the next steps manually.
The program that actually directs the output
to this disk file begins on line 230 of Program 2, at
$0620. We set the lOCB to #3 in line 230, and
temporarily store the character being sent in the Y
register in line 240. By setting the buffer size to
zero in lines 250-270, we can pass one character at
a time, from the accumulator, directly to the disk
file. The command byte for PUT CHARACTER is
SOB {lines 280-290). In line 300, we retrieve the
character being sent, and we send it to the disk
by calling the CIO routine in line 310. Line 320
returns control to the Assembler/Editor cartridge
to fetch the next byte of the disassembly. As each
character is passed to the disk in turn, the OS
takes care of keeping track of how the disk file is
to be organized and saves us a lot of work in the
process.
It is impoiiaul, once a file is OPENed for writ-
ing, that it be closed, or you are likely to lose the
last sections of information you wanted to write
to the disk. Since your keyboard is not in control
during the disassembly, you need to close the file
by hitting BREAK when the drive has stopped,
indicating that the hie has been written.
To use these programs, type them in exactly
as shown in Program 2, and LIST them to your
disk for safekeeping. Then type ASM and RE-
TURN to assemble these programs. After this is
completed, type BUG to enter DEBUG mode, and
then G0600 to run the first program. You should
hear the disk drive start as the file is OPENed.
NexL type C346 < IF, 06 and RETURN. This directs
the output to our routine to send one character at
a time to the disk {remember: address-1). Then
type L0700,0756 and RETURN. This will disas-
semble the first part of DOS 2 to your disk. When
the drive stops, hit the BREAK key to close the
file. SYSTEM RESET will now set everything back
the way it was before we started our tampering.
Reformatting The Output File
One last problem remains. If we refer to Program
1, we can see that the first set of numbers on each
line represents the hexadecimal address of each
instruction. The second set of numbers is the
machine language nomenclature for the instruc-
tion, and the instruction mnemonic itself is the
next set. Following the instruction is the operand.
In a typical assembly language listing, two more
fields would be present. Between the machine
language instrucHon and the mnemonic would be
a line number, and frequently following the
operand is a comments field. The problem that
remains is that the output from the L option of
the Assembler/Editor cartridge is not in a form
that can be used as input for the Assembler itself.
That is, the disk file DLDISASSEM that we have
created cannot be used as source code - yet.
Program 3 is a BASIC program which will
reorganize and reformat DLDISASSEM into
another file, DLOUTPUT, which can be used as
source code for the cartridge. Line 100 sets the
first line number for the OUTPUT file to 1000,
and lines 110-160 dimension the input, output,
and blank strings, set the blank string equal to all
blanks, and erase anything in the other two
strings. Lines 170 and 180 open DISASSEM for
input, and OUTPUT for output.
We are going to set up a loop, from lines 230-
330, which will work its way through all of DIS-
ASSEM; so, in line 190, we set a trap to close the
files when we get to the end. Lines 200 and 210
discard the first two lines of DISASSEM, a blank
line and the word DEBUG on the second line (see
Program 1), which are put in by the cartridge.
Line 220 blanks out the input string, and line 240
reads the first line of DISASSEM into the input
string, INTAKES.
We would like our output to start with a line
number, so line 240 handles this for us. Line 250
leaves the next two spaces blank, because that's
how the Assembler/Editor expects to get its source
code. Line 260 checks to see if the cartridge un-
derstood that particular byte. If it can't interpret a
byte, the cartridge puts ??? into the mnemonic
field. This program stores the contents of that
location in memory as a .BYTE mnemonic. Line
270 hlls in the remainder of the line, and line 280
puts in a comments field, with the contents as the
memory location of that particular instruction, as
an aid in understanding the output. Line 290 puts
the output to the disk file, lines 300 and 310 rezero
OUTS and INTAKES, line 320 increments the line
number by two, and line 330 loops back to get the
next line for reformatting. Line 340 closes the files
and ends the program.
Program 4, the OUTPUT file structure for the
first part of DOS 2, requires a few comments. The
beginning of DOS is used to store certain variables.
For that reason, the first part of the output file
(lines 1000 - 1030) looks slightly strange. However,
it should be noted that all information is there,
and in a form which is understandable to the As-
sembler. That is, this file can be used as source
code. Some thought must be given, however, to
the interpretation of this code, as with all disas-
sembled machine language programs.
Two final comments: First, if you want to
disassemble all of DOS 2, do it in two steps; al-
though the programs described in this article can
handle all of DOS, the Assembler/Editor cartridge
cannot accept an input file that large. The source
code for DOS 2 using these programs is more
256 COMPim! Moyl^BS
than 300 sectors long! Second, all references to
addresses in the OUTI'UT file are absolute. There-
fore, you will not be able to relocate this program
with a different origin unless you substitute labels
for all of the absolute addresses. However, vou
will be able to experiment with changes to DOS,
or any other machine language program, if you're
careful about the specific addresses in your disas-
sembled source code.
If you are specifically interested in modifying
or experimenting with DOS 2, 1 highly recommend
the recent book bv Bill Wilkinson, Inside Atari
DOS, published by COMPUTE! Books. The
documented source code and detailed explana-
tions of the various subroutines within DOS make
this an invaluable resource for anyone attempting
to cliange or understand DOS. There are also
some very interesting suggestions for modifica-
tions to DOS, which should be reasonably simple
to implement now that you have a way to obtain
the source code.
Program 1: Disassembly Of DOS
DEBUG
0700
OO
0701
03
0702
OO
0703
07
0704
40
0705
15
4C
0707
14
070S
07
0709
03
070A
03
070B
00
070C
7C
070D
1ft
070E
Ol
OF
0710
OO
071 1
7D
CB
0 7
0714
AC
OE
07
0717
FO
36
07 19
AD
12
07
071C
85
43
071E
8D
0 4
03
0721
AD
13
07
0724
85
44
0726
SD
05
03
0729
AD
10
07
072C
AC
OF
07
072F
18
0 7 30
AE
OE
07
0733
20
6C
07
0736
30
17
0738
AC
1 1
07
073B
Bl
43
073D
29
03
073F
48
074 0
CS
0741
1 1
43
0743
FO
OE
0745
Bl
43
0747
AS
0748
20
57
07
074B
68
074C
4C
2F
07
074F
A9
CO
0751
DO
01
BRK
r^rtrt
brh;
???
RTI
ORA
*4C, X
'?'?'?
77?
???
??7
BRK
7-? -7
'7'?'?
ORA
(*OF, X)
BRK
ADC
«07CB, X
LDY
*070E
BEQ
4074F
LDA
40712
STA
*43
STA
*O304
LDA
*07 13
STA
*44
STA
*0305
LDA
S0710
LDY
S070F
CLC
LDX
t070E
JSR
*076C
EMI
*074F
LDY
*07 1 1
LDA
(*43) , Y
AND
#*03
PHA
INY
ORA
(*43) , Y
BEQ
«0753
LDA
(«43> , Y
TAY
JSR
*0757
PLA
JMP
*072F
LDA
#«C0
8N€
*0754
0753
0754
0755
0756
DEBUG
68
OA
A8
60
PLA
ASL
TAY
RTS
Program 2: Disassembly To A Di5l< File
0 1 00
0110
0120
0130
0140
01 50
0 160
0170
oiao
0190
0200
0210
0220
0230
0 2 4 0
0250
0 2 60
0270
0280
0290
0300
0310
0320
0330
Prog
«= *0600
OPEN LDX #*30
#*03
*0342, X
#4 08
S034A, X
«FNAMES<255
*0344 , X
«FNAME/256
40345, X
4E456
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
asR
RTS
»= 4O620
POINT LDX
TAY
#430
LDA
STA
STA
LDA
STA
TYA
JSR
RTS
FNAME .BYTE " D 1 ; D I SASSEM " , O
ram 3: basic Reformat Of File
#o
40348,
40349,
#*0B
40342,
4E456
lOO
1 lO
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
1=1000
DIM INTAKE* (45> , BLK4 (45) .OUT* (45)
BLK* (1,1)=" "
BLK4 (45, 45) =" "
BLK* (2) =BLK«
INTAKE*=BLK*
OUT*=BLK*
OPEN #1 , 4,0, "DtDISASSEM"
OPEN #2,8, O, "D: OUTPUT-
TRAP 340
INPUT #1; INTAKE*
INPUT #1 ; INTAKE*
INTAKE«=BLK*
INPUT #1 ; INTAKE4
OUT* (1,4) =STR« < I >
0UT*(5,6)="
IF INTAKE* (22, 23) ="7?" THEN OUT* (
7) =" . BYTE 4" : OUT* C 14, 15) = INTAKE* C
9,10): GOTO 280
OUT* (7)=INTAKE*(22)
OL=LEN (OUT*) +1 : FOR M=OL TO 2 1 : OUT
*<M,M)=" ":NEXT M : OUT* ( 22 , 23 ) = " ;
■•:OUT* (24. 27) = INTAKE* (1,4)
? #2;0UT«
OUT*=BLK*
INTAKE«=BLKt
1 = 1+2
GOTO 230
CLOSE #1:CL0SE #2:END
Program 4: Output File structure For DOS 2
lOOO
1002
1004
1006
1008
1010
1012
1014
1016
1018
BRK
. BYTE
BRK
. BYTE
RTI
DRA
. BYTE
. BYTE
. BYTE
-BYTE
*03
*07
44C,
414
407
*03
*03
0700
0701
0702
0703
07O4
0705
0707
070a
0709
070A
May 1983 COMPUTE! 257
MORE TO SMILE ABOUT!
iLjC
3 (V£W Arcade-Style Games (rom Canada for the
Commodore' VIC'20*. and, one tor the Commodore'
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FWOGGEE Ifseasy^ Jusl gel your Froggee from the bottom of the
screen to the top Avoidlhe car sand [rucks, hoponiheiogsandtt^e
leaves. Eight levels, with crocodiles, sriakes and other neat stuff
out to do yOLi m' Uses Joystick Needs no memory expansion.
41B0-O20OO1 For3KVIC-20" (Cassette) S29.95
4180-064001 ForCommodore* 64" (Caaaetto) S29.95
CENTIPOD Fast paced, decending bugs, falling projectiles, boun^
cing spiders and more! Quick reactions needed here, ^ust to keep
alive' Uses Joystick. No memory expansion needed.
4180-020002 For3KVIC-20' (CaBSettBl S29.95
MOTOR MOUSE Up and down the grandfather clock, picking-up
the cheese. But. watch out! Thefe a'-ecats hiding in the cheese' 7
progressivety harder levels anda time factorto beat. Very fast paced
arcadegualilygsme. Uses Joystick tMo memory expansion needed,
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4690-009538 t12.95
KIDS AND THE VIC Written at cHilOren not
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parental, itno computer ewperls n days Incl-
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How to Create Study Programs. More' Eacti
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4560-000056 J19.95
VIC-KT PROGRAMMERS REFERENCE GUIDE
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ATARI- 400VB0O* BOOKS
VOUR ATARI' COMPUTER Comprehensive
hammg manuar lor 40D'^B00' computers
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4690-000143 J14.95
ATARI- PILOT FOR BECINHERS Hands-on
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4690-000301 »12.iS
THE ATARI' ASSEMBLER Making the leap
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4605-000037 $16.99
8ASIC FOR THE APPLE" Intro to program
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PAYMENT ENCLOSED QCASH QCHECK QmONEY ORDER
PLEASE CHARGE TO MY □MASTERCARD QviSAiM.n Chg S2b
CARD NUMBER
EXPIRES
. INTRBNK «
1020
BRK
1022
. BYTE
*7C ;
1024
. BYTE
«1 A ;
1026
ORA
(*04, X) ;
102S
BRK
1030
ADC
*07CB, X ;
1032
LDY
*070E ;
1034
BED
t074F ;
t036
LDA
$0712 ;
103B
STA
«43 ;
1040
STA
«0304 ;
1042
LDA
t0713 ;
1044
STA
*44 ;
1046
STA
«0305 ;
104B
LDA
«07 10 ;
1050
LDY
«070F ;
1052
CLC
1054
LDX
«070E ;
1056
JSR
*076C ;
1058
BMI
*074F ;
1060
LDY
*0711 ;
1062
LDA
(443> . Y :
1064
AND
#*03 ;
1066
PHA
1068
INY
1070
ORA
(«43> , Y ;
1072
BEQ
♦0753 ;
1074
LDA
(«43) , Y ;
1076
TAY
107B
JSR
40757 ;
1080
PLA
1082
JMP
«072F ;
1084
LDA
««C0 ;
10B6
BNE
«0754 ;
10B8
PLA
io?o
ASL
A ;
1092
TAY
1094
RTS
070B
070C
070D
070E
0710
07 1 1
07 14
07 17
07 19
071C
071E
0721
0724
0726
0729
072C
072F
0730
0733
0736
0738
073B
073D
073F
074O
0741
0743
0745
0747
0748
074B
074C
074F
0751
0753
0754
0755
0756
NEW FOR ATARI
diskwiz
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DISK EDITING REPAIR & DUPLICATION
SYSTEM FOR ATARI OR PERCOM DRIVES
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modes to any printer • Dumps inverse & special
Grafix Char to Epson Graftrax & NEC 8023A • Fast
mapping, searches • File trace • Speed check and ad-
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VTOC bit map functions • Retrieves deleted files • Fix
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v
Auri. Ep«n. NEC & Pcrcom, are iradenurtis (li Aljti. It^c, Ep«)n America, NEC.
Percon> Dala renpeclivt^ly.
258 COMPUni MoyWa3
COMPUTEi's
Mapping The Atari
Author: Ian Chadwick
(Introduction by Bid Wilkinson|
Price: SI 4.95
On Sale: Now
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Author's Preface
jntroduction (Bill Wilk.nsoni ^
Memory Map . ^.^
Appendix One VBLANK Processes' ^
Append, P„„ „-7-;jV^^^^^^^^^^^^ ■•'■"-■.ieO
Appendix Five Color ^ °^' 161
wTf^'°""'^"dM-^'c 163
'ippendix Seven Pi^ w ic
Append,, a.M .Xt:::;"^ "-^'- "-- ^'ap ■ : : : : ,11
AppendixNine NumericaJ To 171
Appendix Ten ATASC ^^ r '^^""^ ' " 1 7
^-<i-x By Label . " ^ ^"^^™^^ ^^--^- Code Values' " " ' 1
Index By Subject ...".'..■.■.;; ." .182
187
The inner workings of today's advanced personal
computers unfortunately remain a mysteiy to
many users. From beginners to machine lan-
guage programmers, people are hungry for vital
information about the insides of their machines.
For example, there are tens of thousands of
memory locations.. .which are safe to use? How
can changing one number in a certain memory
cell dramatically speed up output to the disk
drive? Which memory address reveals what
Operating System is in the computer? How can
changing certain numbers in various memory
locations improve a program's sound and
graphics?
The key to finding one's way around the
inside of a computer is a memory map. But
often this important information is unavailable
from the manufacturer. Or it can be obtained
only in piecemeal fashion from scattered
sources.
Now, for ihe first time, there is a com-
prehensive guidebook available for the Atari
400/800 computers which answers all of these
questions, and hundreds more. Mapping The
Atari, by Ian Chadwick, is a complete reference
guide and memory map for one of the most
popular of personal computers. From memoiy
location zero to 65,535. Mapping The Atari is
the most exhaustive memoiy sourcebook ever 1
offered to Atari users. :
Chadwick started by diligently assembling
all the information he could find. Then he went a
step further by testing this information, to verify
Its accuracy. And finally, he added months of his
own research, delving deep into little-known
areas of the Atari's memory to explore every se-
cret. The result. Mapping The Atari, is an indis- -—-._-
pensable reference work for Atari programmefs.
But Mapping TheAtariiS more than just a comprehensive reference book It is also a tutorial
for all inquisitive Atari enthusiasts - notjust advanced programmers. Mapping The Atari explains each memory location in depth for
beginning and intermediate programmers. Some descriptions of important locations fill several pages. And the book is packed with
ready-to-iype example programs and routines which show exactly how to put the information to work
There's more. A special introduction by Bill Wilkinson, an author of Atari BASIC and the Atari Disk Operating System explains
^vZANfpTr^^!J^--!l'^^^°'^ 'Iffy ^X^^'"^ programming language. And there are fen appendices, covering such topics as
VBL>\NK Processes, Atari Timing Values, "Color," "Sound And Music, " "Player/Missile Graphics Memory Map " ''DisDiav Usts "
and others. And to make the book still mote useful, there are two indices - an Index By Label, and an Index^By Subject ^
Best of al Mapping The Atari is from COMPUTE! Books, associated with COMPUTE! Magazine the leading consumer
publication of home, educational, and recreational computing. COMPUTE! has led the way for Atari owners sincl the comouters
Add S2 shipping and handling. Outside the U.S. add S5 for air mail, S2 for surface mail. All orders prepaid. U.S. funds only
Mo/ 1983 COMPUIE 259
The Apple
Hi-Res Painter
James Totten
"Hi-Rcs Painter" is a grapiiics editor for use with a
32K Apple. With it you can: use am/ one of six colors
(or coDibiiic colors with your "pen"]; select from three
different drawing pens; label pictures with upper- aiui
krwercase lettering; color in squares, rectangles; ami
uuve.
When using the Apple's hi-res graphics, it seems
that a lot of work can yield few results. This is
true, of course, only if you are doing your graphics
manually (HPLOT 0,0 TO 45,67 etc.)' Since I use
the graphics considerably (they are one reason I
bought the computer), I didn't cnjov taking hours
to draw a fairly impressive title page or chart or
some other type of picture.
Menu Options
The "Hi-Res Painter" runs from four menus: Main
Menu (1), Accessory Menu (2), Diskette Menu
(3), and, most important of all, the Picture Menu
(4). When you start, you are automatically placed
at the first menu (Main). From here you can select
to go to any of the other three menus presented
by just pressing the first letter of its name. This
letter is highlighted on the screen.
Pressing A will take you to the Accessory
Menu (2). Here, you can choose from p)rint, f)ill,
k)eyboard, and m)ain. The print option will work
for those who own either a Trendcom or Silentype
printer only. The fill option works for everyone.
You select two points on the screen: the first is
the upper left corner of the square you wish filled,
and the other is the lower right corner. Presto!
The keyboard option allows the user to change
from paddle or jovshck control of the pen to
keyboard control of the pen. With the change, the
I, J, K, M keys move the pen in the direction they
are positioned. And, of course, the main option
will take you to the main menu again.
The next menu in the list is the Diskette Menu,
number three, and you can call that menu by pres-
sing D. Here you can n)ame, d)elete, s)ave, l)oad,
or r)ename any picture - s)ave will save the picture
currentiv on the screen. Again, m)ain will return
you to menu 1 .
Finally, menu four is the Picture Menu, and
to call it up press P. The available options here
are: v)iew, l)abel, b)drop, c)olor, d)raw, e)rase,
p)ens, and m)ain. The first option allows simply a
total view (no text) of the graphics screen which
260 COHPUTI! Mav1983
you are working on. Label wUl do just that; you
are asked for a date, name, or whatever to be tvped
in on the keyboard, and it is then transferred to a
location of your choice onto the graphics screen.
The bhirop option stands for backdrop, and
this will simpiv fill the screen (rather quickly)
with a color of your choice. Color will allow you to
choose a new color. Press the first letter of each as
in the menu selections. DnTie and fra.^c are obvious
in that they do exacth' what they sav. A note of
warning though: if a picture is erased, it cannot
be recalled unless it is on disk. The pens option is
actually two in one. With it you can change the
size of vour pen {press I, 2, or 3 and watch the
screen), and turn it on or off. And again, main
returns you to menu one. You can draw using
paddles or a joystick, or you can switch the con-
trols to use the keyboard.
To produce very good-looking designs, trv
some experiments. Fantastic pictures (such as
stars on a moonlit night) can easily be created bv
just mining the pen in various sizes and colors.
::>i>i
A desig)! created wiih a paiitUe controller ks/j/x "!li-Rcs
Painter."
Program 1: Hi-Res Painter
20 LOMEMi 24576: ONERR BOTD 1045
21 DIM PX(2),PY(Z),C«(6) ,P»(1)
25 FOR L = 1 TO 4:MX<L) = OsMYtL) = 0: NEXT
L:D« = CHR« (4) s C = 3: P = Oi BC = 0
30 KI = - 16384: RK = - 1636BSB0 = - 162B7
iBl = - 162a6:TG = - 16301:FG = - 16
302
35 P»(0) = "GFF"iP*(l) = "0N":C*(1) = "BREEN
"iC*t2) = "PINK"!C*(3) = "WHITE"
40 C»(4) = "BLflCK"tC«(5) = "ORANGE" i C» (6> =
"LT.BLUE"tI = liP* = "NOT NAMED"
41 IF PEEK (233) < > 64 THEN PRINT D«"BL
DAD CHARACTERS/SH2": POKE 232,0: POKE 2
33,64
42 SCALE= li ROT= Oi X = 13<?iY = BO
43 TEXT ! HOME i NORMAL i VTAB 10: PRINT
TAB (11) "THE HI-RES PAINTER": PRINT TAB
( 7, .._«( )=-": PRINT
TAB<11>"BY JAMES R. TOTTEN"
44 POKE RK.Oi VTAB 24: PRINT "<< TO BEGIN P
45
4&
50
55
^0
65
70
75
BO
as
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
132
134
136
136
140
142
145
146
147
150
P) ICTURE
POKE
USH ANY KEY EXCEPT RESET >>"
IF PEEK (KI) < 12B THEN 45
POKE RK,0
HGR I HCDLOR= Ci POKE TG.Oi POKE 34,20s
HOME
PRINT "PAINTER HENU NUMBER 1 (MAIN)"!
PRINT
PRINT "A)CCESSORy D) ISKETTE
>"; I SET K*
IF K« = CHR» (27) THEN POKE RK,0!
34,0: TEXT : HOME s END
IF K* = "P" THEN 100
IF K« = "ft" THEN 450
IF K* = "D" THEN 300
POKE RK,0s HOME i GOTO 55
POKE RK,0: HOME
PRINT "PAINTER MENU NUMBER 4
I PRINT
PRINT "V)IEW DABEL B>OROP
D)RAW E>RASE P>ENS M)AIN
IF K* = "M" THEN 85
IF K* = CHR« (27) THEN POKE RK,0: POKE
TEXT ! HOME s END
^ It ^ 11
(PICTURE) '
OOLOR
>";! GET K*
34,0!
IF K»
IF K« = "V
IF K« = "C"
IF K» = "B'
IF K« = "D"
IF K* = "P"
IF K» = "L"
POKE RKpOi HOME
POKE FG,0
IF PEEK (KI)
GOTO 100
GOTO 146
POKE RK.Oi HOME
THEN
THEN 145
THEN 150
THEN 240
THEN
THEN
HGR sBC = 0: GOTO 100
185
164
THEN 218
GOTO 105
> 127 THEN POKE TG.Os
PRINT "CURRENT COLOR:
152
154
155
156
158
159
160
162
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
174
176
177
17B
179
180
162
185
186
187
W)HITE
"ji INVERSE 1 PRINT C«(C)i NORMAL i
PRINT
PRINT "G)REEN ORANGE
B)LACK DT.BLUE P) INK
6" THEN C
THEN
THEN
THEN
THEN
THEN
GET K«
"P"
"W"
"B"
"0"
II I II
C
C
c
c
c
I:
2:
3!
4:
5:
6:
IF K« =
IF K* =
IF K« =
IF K« =
IF K* =
IF K« =
GOTO 150
XC = INT (
POKE RK,0!
"I PRINT
PRINT "S)ET CURSOR SIZE
>"5: GET K»
IF K* = "S" THEN 172
IF K* < > "T" THEN 165
P = P + 1: IF P
GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
GOTO
100
100
100
100
100
100
190
191
192
194
196
198
200
202
204
205
206
208
209
210
212
215
21B
219
220
222
224
225
226
228
230
231
232
233
234
240
OiB
liRL = 274iTL = OiB
IsRL = 270:TL = OiB
Y = I NT ( PDL { 1 ) )
= LL
= RL
= BL
CS; HPLOT L,Y TO L,Y +
> 127 THEN POKE TG.Oi GOTO
HPLOT
C
(Bl)
Y
(BO)
> 127 THEN
> 127 THEN
IF CB = O THEN LL = 1 s RL = 279; TL
L = 191
IF CB = 4 THEN LL
L = 186
IF CS = 8 THEN LL =
L = 182
HCOLOR= C
X = INT < PDL (O) )
IF X < LL THEN X =
IF X > RL THEN X =
IF Y > BL THEN Y
FOR L = X TO X +
CSl NEXT L
IF PEEK (KI)
100
IF P THEN ^10
HCOLOR- BCi FOR L = X TO X + CSi
L,Y TO L,Y + CSi NEXT Li HCOLOR-
IF PEEK (KI) > 127 THEN POKE TG,0: GOTO
100
IF CS -= 0 THEN IF PEEK
CALL - 19BiX0 - XiYO -
IF CS - 0 THEN IF PEEK
HPLOT X,Y TO XO.YO
GOTO 196
POKE RK,0: HOME : PRINT :
LABEL >";L»
IF L« = "" THEN 21B
HOME I PRINT ! PRINT "DO YOU WANT IT ON
TOP OR BOTTOM CT/B)? ";: GET K»
IF K« = "B" THEN Y = 180i GOTO 226
IF K« = "T" THEN Y = 6: GOTO 226
SOTO 220
L = LEN (L»)t IF L > 26 THEN 218
X = 137 - INT ((L / 2) « a)
FOR P = 1 TO Li IF ASC ( MID* (L«,P, 1)
) < 62 THEN K = ABC ( MID* (L*,P,1)) -
31 I GOTO 232
K - ASC ( MID* (L«,P,1)> - 3
HCOLOR= Os FOR L=X-2T0X+7! HPLOT
L,Y - 1 TO L,Y + Bs NEXT L: HCOLOR= 3
DRAW K AT XpYsX = X + 8i NEXT P
HCOLOR= C: GOTO 100
POKE RK,0: HOME 5 PRINT "COLORS FOR BAC
KDROP..."i PRINT : PRINT "G)REEN B)LUE
0) RANGE": PRINT
INPUT "ENTER
W)HITE
">"j
PDL (O) ):YC =
HOME : PRINT
INT < PDL (1) )
'PEN OPERATIONS
T)URN ON/OFF
HOME : PRINT
> 1 THEN P
PRINT "PEN
= 0
IS NOM
'P«(P)
I FOR L = 1 TO 300: NEXT L
GOTO 100
POKE RK.O: HOME t PRINT "TYPE A NUMBER
FROM 1 TO 3 FDR CURSOR SIZE (1=SMALL
EST). CURSOR IS SHOWN ON SCREEN. WHEN
DONE, PUSH RETURN. >"ji GET K*
IF K* = CHR* (13) THEN 100
IF K* =
■1"
II 3 II
IF K* =
IF K* =
HCOLOR= BC
HPLOT L,YC
HCOL0R= C
FOR L = XC TO XC
YC + CSi NEXT L
GOTO 172
IF K THEN 1010
POKE RK.Oi HOME i
THEN CS = 0
THEN CS = 4
THEN CS = 8
FOR L = XC - 1 TO XC + as
1 TO L,YC + 8i NEXT L:
+ CS: HPLOT L,YC TO L,
PRINT I PRINT
IN OR STOP DRAWING PUSH ANY KEY "i
K»
POKE FG.Os POKE RK,0
TO BEG
GET
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
250
300
302
304
306
308
310
311
312
313
314
315
320
THEN HCOLOR= IsBC = 1: GOTO
P) INK
GET K*
IF K» - "G'
248
IF K« = "B" THEN HC0LOR= 6:BC = 6: GOTO
248
IF K« = "P" THEN HC0LOR= 2!BC = 2: GOTO
248
IF K« = "W" THEN HCOLOR" 3tBC = 3t GOTO
248
IF K« = "0" THEN HLaLaR= 5:BC
248
GOTO 240
HPLOT 0,0: CALL 62454
BD = li GOTO 100
POKE RKjOi HOME
PRINT "PAINTER MENU NUMBER 3
": PRINT
PRINT "N)AME D)ELETE S)AVE
5 I GOTO
(DISKETTE)
DOAD R)ENAME M>AIN
IF K* = "M" THEN 85
IF K« = CHR* (27) THEN
34,0 I TEXT 1 HOME : END
"N" THEN 320
"S"
>"ri GET K*
POKE RK,0s POKE
IF K«
IF K«
IF K« = "L"
IF K« = "R"
IF K* = "D"
GOTO 300
POKE RK,Os HOME s
OR COLONS IN NAME
fP»
THEN 335
THEN 355
THEN 385
THEN 370
PRINT "USE NO COMMAS
"I PRINT I INPUT "> "
May19S3 CQMPUTEI IM
325 IF P« = "■' THEN 320
330 HOME : PRINT "NAME: "P«: NORMAL
332 PRINT : PRINT "IS THIS CORRECT? " ; : GET
K»s IF K* = "N" THEN 320
333 IF K» = "Y" THEN 300
334 POKE RK.Oi BOTO 330
335 IF P» = "NOT NAMED" THEN HOME : CALL -
198s POKE RK,Ol PRINT : PRINT "PICTURE
HAS NOT BEEN NAMED": FDR L = 1 TO 550:
NEXT Ls GOTO 300
340 POKE RK,0: HOME : PRINT "PICTURE NAMEi
"P«i PRINT
345 PRINT "SAVE WITH THIS NAME? ";: GET K*:
PRINT K«: IF K« = "Y" THEN 350
346 IF K« - "N" THEN 300
347 GOTO 340
350 PRINT D»"BSAVE "P»" , A*200O, L»1FFF" i GOTO
300
355 POKE RK,0: HOME : PRINT s INPUT "NAME?
"(P«
356 IF P« = "" THEN 355
35B HOME : PRINT "PICTURE NAME: "P«i PRINT
360 PRINT "IS THIS NAME CORRECT? ";: GET K»
I PRINT K»
362 IF K» = "N" THEN 300
363 IF K* * "Y" THEN 365
364 GOTO 35B
365 PRINT D»"BLDAD "P»
366 GOTO 300
370 POKE RK,0s HOME i PRINT s INPUT "NAME?
";P»
371 IF P» = "" THEN 370
372 HOME t PRINT "PICTURE NAME: "P»i PRINT
375 PRINT "DELETE THIS PICTURE? ";: GET K»i
PRINT K»
376 IF K* = "Y" THEN 3B0
377 IF K« = "N" THEN 300
378 GOTO 372
3B0 PRINT D»"DELETE "P«i GOTO 300
385 POKE RK.Oi HOME i PRINT "USE NO COMMAS
OR COLONS IN NEW NAME": PRINT
3BB INPUT "CURRENT NAME? "jPl*: IF Pl« " ""
THEN 385
390 INPUT "NEW NAME? ";P2«t IF P2» = "" THEN
385
393 HOME I PRINT "OLD NAME: "Pl«« PRINT "NE
W NAME: "P2*t PRINT
395 PRINT "ARE THESE BOTH CORRECT? ";: GET
K«i PRINT K*i IF K* ' "N" THEN 385
396 IF K* = "Y" THEN 400
39B GOTO 393
400 PRINT D«" RENAME "Pl«","P2«i GOTO 300
450 POKE RK.Oi HOME
452 PRINT "PAINTER MENU NUMBER 2 (ACCESSORY
)"i PRINT
454 PRINT "P)RINT F) ILL KJEYBOARD M)AIN
>"ji GET K»
456 IF K« •= "M" THEN POKE RK.Oi HOME i BOTO
55
458 IF K» - CHR» (27) THEN TEXT i POKE RK
,0i HOME I END
459 IF K* - "P" THEN 475
460 IF K» = "F" THEN 500
461 IF K« = "K" THEN 465
462 GOTO 450
465 POKE RK.Oi HOME i IF K THEN K = Oi GOTO
468
466 IF NOT K THEN K = 1
468 IF K = 0 THEN PRINT t PRINT "KEYBOARD
IS CJFF"
469 IF K = 1 IMEH PRINT i PRINT "KEYBOARD
IS ON"
470 FOR L - 1 TO 300i NEXT Li SOTO 430
473 POKE RK.Oi HOME i PRINT "PICTURE PRINTI
NQ OPTIONS -"I PRINT
476 PRINT "DNVERSED N)ORMAL
R)OTATED OONTINUE >" S i GET K*
478
IF K» = "N" THEN ST = Oi
GOTO 475
480
IF K* = "1" THEN ST = li
GOTO 475
482
IF K« = "R" THEN RR = 1 :
GOTO 475
484
IF K* = "C" THEN 488
486
GOTO 475
4B8
POKE RK.Oi HOME i PRINT
! PRINT "TURN P
R INTER ON AND PRESS ANY
KEY " ( : GET K*
490
IF RR AND ST THEN POKE
1145,88: CALL -
CALL
1603
16036s
16038: GOTO 450
492 IF RR THEN POKE 1145,120: CALL
B: GOTO 450
494 IF ST THEN POKE 1400,0:
BOTO 450
496 CALL - 16044: GOTO 450
500 POKE RK,0i HOME i INPUT
NT (X,Y) >"jUX»,UY*: IF UX»
« = "" THEN 500
IF ( VAL (UX*) < 0) OR ( VAL (UX«) > 27
9) THEN 500
IF ( VAL (LY») < 0) OR ( VAL tLY») > 19
1) THEN VTAB PEEK (37): GOTO 507
INPUT "LOWER RIGHT POINT (X,Y) >"5LX*,
LY»: IF LX« = "" OR LY* = "" THEN VTAB
PEEK (37) I GOTO 507
IF ( VAL (LX») < O) OR ( VAL (LX») > 27
9) THEN VTAB PEEK (37): GOTO 507
HOME t PRINT : PRINT "PRESS A KEY TO BE
GIN FILL ";: GET K*: PRINT K«
HCOLDR= C
TO VAL (LX«): HPLOT
VAL (LY*) 1 NEXT L
505
506
507
SOS
510
511
515
520
1010
1012
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
103B
1039
1040
1045
1050
"UPPER LEFT POI
" OR UY
(UX«)
TO L,
FOR L = VAL
L, VAL (UY»)
GOTO 450
POKE RK,0: HOME i PRINT : PRINT
GIN OR STOP DRAWING PUSH RETURN "
K«
POKE FG,0: POKE RK,0
"TO BE
( I GET
IF CS =
BL = 191
IF CS =
BL = 186
IF CS =
BL = 182
HCOLDR=
FOR L =
CS: NEXT
IF NOT
0 THEN LL
1:RL = 279: TL = O:
4 THEN LL = 1:RL
274 :TL
a THEN LL = ItRL = 270iTL
0:
0:
TO X + CSi HPLOT L,Y TO L,Y +
THEN
HCOL0R= BC: FDR L
X + CSi HPLOT L,Y TO L,Y + CSl NEXT Li
HCOLOR- C
128 THEN 1019
X TO
IF
L =
IF
IF
IF
IF
IF
PEEK
PEEK
(KI>
(KI>
201 THEN
205 THEN
202 THEN
203 THEN
Y
Y
X
X
X
It
li
li
li
liY
BOTO 1036
BOTO 1036
GOTO 1036
GOTO 1036
X - liY = Y + li
X + liY
Y - li
1:Y = Y
1:
213 THEN
GOTO 1036
IF L =• 206 THEN
SOTO 1036
IF L - 207 THEN
SOTO 1036
IF L - 172 THEN
GOTO i036
IF (CS = 0) AND (L » 211) THEN XO = Xi
YO - Yt CALL - 198i GOTO 1036
IF (CS - 0) AND (L = 196) THEN HPLOT
X,Y TO XO,YOi GOTO 1036
IF L = 141 THEN POKE TG.Oi GOTO lOO
POKE RK,Oi GOTO 1021
IF X < LL THEN X = LL
IF X > RL THEN X - RL
IF Y > BL THEN Y = BL
IF Y < TL THEN Y - TL
POKE RK.Oi GOTO 1019
HOME 1 PRINT I PRINT "DISK ERROR CODE
" PEEK (222) I PRINT "CHECK SYNTAX AND T
RY AGAIN >"(« GET K«
POKE RK,Oi HOME i GOTO 55
262 COMPtfTi! May 1983
Pro!
grc
im
i2:
: Shape Table For Picture Labels
4500-
4508-
IF
IF
57
IB
49
OE
11
OD
00
OD
49
lA
09
IB
lA
IF
4000-
- 58
00
B2
OO
C5
00
oe
00
4280-
OD
lA
IB
IF
OA
4D
11
IB
4510-
OA
OD
OD
lA
IF
IB
4E
49
4008-
- EC
00
02
Ol
15
01
29
01
4288-
IB
57
4D
i 4
00
29
6D
lA
4518-
02
00
49
09
lA
IF
IB
1 I
6E
4010-
- 3C
01
4F
01
62
Ol
75
01
4290-
IF
IB
6E
09
15
IB
3F
17
4520-
09
15
3B
IF
73
6D
15
3B
4018-
- 8A
Ol
9D
01
BO
Ol
C3
01
4298-
4D
29
lA
IF
16
OE
2D
OD
4528-
IB
53
2D
OD
02
00
49
09
4020-
■ D6
Ol
E9
01
FE
01
12
02
42A0-
02
00
29
6D
lA
IF
IB
6E
4530-
lA
3F
3F
4E
69
lA
IB
IF
4028-
• 26
02
3B
02
50
02
65
02
42AB-
09
15
3B
3F
57
49
15
36
4538-
OA
4D
11
3B
3F
77
49
11
4030-
79
02
8D
02
A2
02
B6
02
4260-
16
73
2D
OD
02
00
49
09
4540-
00
29
4D
lA
3B
IB
4A
69
4038-
■ C9
02
DD
02
Fl
02
06
03
42B8-
lA
IB
3F
OA
6D
11
IB
IB
4S48-
lA
IF
16
4A
69
lA
3B
IB
4040-
■ 19
03
2C
03
41
03
55
03
42C0-
S3
6D
11
IB
36
57
49
11
4550-
OA
6D
11
00
09
4D
lA
36
4048-
■ 69
03
7D
03
91
03
A5
03
42CB-
00
49
09
lA
IB
3F
OA
6D
4558-
3B
6A
09
15
16
16
53
49
4050-
B8
03
CC
03
DF
03
F2
03
42D0-
11
IB
IB
53
6D
11
IB
36
4560-
11
IB
IB
53
49
11
00
09
4058-
06
04
19
04
2C
04
40
04
42DB-
17
6D
09
02
00
49
2D
lA
456B-
4D
lA
3B
3B
6A
09
15
3B
4060-
54
04
68
04
7C
04
8F
04
42E0-
36
IF
OA
6D
11
IB
IB
77
4570-
16
33
2D
2D
15
3B
IB
33
4068-
A3
04
B6
04
C9
04
DD
04
42E8-
6D
11
16
3F
53
09
2D
02
4578-
4D
29
02
00
2D
AD
lA
IF
4070-
' Fl
04
OS
05
lA
05
2E
05
42F0-
00
49
09
lA
IB
IB
OA
2D
4580-
3B
OA
4D
15
IB
3F
57
4D
4078-
41
05
54
05
67
05
7C
05
42F8-
OD
lA
IB
IB
OA
2D
OD
lA
4588-
IS
3B
IB
17
2D
6D
02
00
4080-
90
05
A3
05
B7
OS
CC
05
4300-
IB
IB
4A
49
02
00
6D
09
4590-
09
6D
lA
IF
36
6A
49
lA
4088-
EO
05
F4
05
08
06
IC
06
4308-
lA
16
3F
4A
6D
lA
3F
IB
4598-
IB
IB
6E
49
lA
IF
3B
4A
4090-
30
06
43
06
57
06
6B
06
4310-
4A
6D
lA
IB
3F
2A
4D
11
45A0-
6D
02
00
2D
6D
lA
IF
36
4098-
7F
06
94
06
A8
06
BC
06
4318-
00
29
6D
lA
IF
IB
4E
09
45AB-
OA
4D
15
3B
IB
S7
4D
15
40A0-
DO
06
E4
06
F8
06
OD
07
4320-
IS
IB
3F
53
4D
11
IB
IB
45B0-
3B
IB
17
2D
6D
02
OO
2D
40A8-
21
07
36
07
4B
07
SF
07
4328-
53
4D
11
00
29
6D
lA
IF
4568-
2D
15
3B
IB
33
4D
09
lA
40B0-
74
07
49
09
lA
IB
IB
4A
4330-
IB
6E
OD
15
3B
3F
33
OD
4SC0-
IB
3F
6E
49
lA
IF
IB
2E
40BB-
49
lA
IB
IB
4A
49
lA
IB
4338-
OD
15
16
IB
73
2D
2D
02
45C8-
2D
2D
02
00
2D
2D
15
36
40C0-
IB
4A
49
02
00
09
4D
lA
4340-
00
49
09
lA
3B
3F
4A
09
45D0-
IB
33
4D
09
lA
IB
3F
6E
40C8-
IB
IF
4A
4D
lA
IB
IF
4A
4348-
15
3B
3F
17
4D
29
lA
3F
45D8-
49
lA
IB
IB
6E
49
02
00
40DO-
4D
lA
IB
IB
4A
4D
02
OO
4350-
3F
4A
49
02
00
4D
09
lA
45E0-
29
6D
lA
IF
IB
6E
49
lA
40D8-
69
OD
lA
3B
3B
OA
OD
OD
4358-
3B
IF
2E
4D
15
3B
IB
33
45E8-
3F
IF
6E
09
15
36
16
73
4OE0-
lA
IB
IB
4A
49
lA
IB
IB
4360-
60
29
lA
36
IF
4E
49
02
45F0-
2D
OD
02
00
4D
29
lA
IF
40E8-
4A
49
02
00
69
OD
lA
3B
4368-
00
49
09
lA
36
3F
6A
09
45Fa-
IB
6E
09
15
3B
3F
37
40
40F0-
3B
2A
2D
2D
lA
3B
3B
2A
4370-
15
16
16
33
4D
29
lA
3B
4600-
29
lA
IF
IB
6E
09
15
00
40FB-
2D
2D
lA
3B
3B
OA
OD
OD
4378-
3F
4A
49
02
00
49
29
lA
460B-
29
6D
lA
IB
IF
4A
4D
lA
4100-
02
OO
09
4D
lA
3F
3F
6A
4380-
IF
3F
6A
29
15
3B
IB
33
4610-
16
IF
4A
4D
lA
IB
IF
OA
4108-
4D
lA
3B
3F
4A
OD
15
IB
4388-
4D
2D
lA
IF
3F
4A
49
02
4618-
2D
OD
02
00
09
2D
15
IB
4110-
3F
77
69
11
00
6D
09
lA
4390-
00
49
09
lA
3B
3F
6A
09
4620-
IF
53
09
OD
lA
3B
IB
4A
4118-
IF
3B
4E
69
lA
IB
IF
OA
4398-
15
3B
3F
37
4D
09
lA
3B
4628-
69
lA
3B
16
OE
6D
11
OO
4120-
4D
11
3B
IF
73
09
2D
02
43A0-
3F
4A
49
02
00
09
6D
lA
4630-
4D
29
lA
36
16
6E
4D
lA
4128-
00
69
09
lA
IB
IF
6E
4D
43A8-
IF
3B
OA
4D
11
IB
3B
77
4638-
IB
3B
6E
4D
lA
36
16
6E
4130-
lA
IB
3B
6A
OD
IS
IB
IF
4360-
4D
U
IB
IB
57
49
11
00
4640-
09
15
00
6D
09
lA
16
3B
4138-
73
6D
15
00
49
OD
lA
IB
43B8-
49
09
lA
IF
3F
6A
29
15
4648-
OA
4D
11
IB
IB
57
4D
11
4140-
IF
OA
4D
11
IB
IB
53
49
43C0-
3B
IF
73
6D
IS
3B
IB
53
4650-
3B
IB
17
2D
2D
15
00
4D
4148-
11
IB
IB
53
49
11
00
09
43CB-
2D
OD
02
OO
4D
09
lA
IB
4658-
29
lA
3F
3B
6E
OD
15
36
4150-
4D
lA
IB
3B
6A
49
lA
16
43D0-
IB
6E
6D
lA
IF
3B
6E
09
4660-
IB
33
4D
29
lA
IF
IB
6E
4158-
IB
6E
49
lA
IB
3B
4A
4D
43D8-
IS
3B
IB
73
49
11
00
09
4668-
09
15
00
4D
29
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€
MOV1983 COMPUIE! 263
'*"®xxonnection
DISKETTE SPECIAL
FREE PLASTIC LIBRARY CASE WITH PURCHASE OF EVERY BOX OF 10
$24.95
Personally labeled for THE SOFIWARE CONNECTION by one of the most respected producers of magnetic
media, Each diskette is single-sided and certified double density at 40 tracks. To insure extended media life,
each diskette is manufactured with a reinforced hub-hole,
10 Boxes or more: $22.50/box
ATARI®
VIC 20
Retail
Our Pil«
K-RAZY SHOOTOUT (Rom)
S49.95
$35X)0
PAC MAN (Rom)
S44.95
$32.00
MINER 2049er (Rom)
S49.95
$35.00
GORF (Rom)
S44,95
S32.00
DROIDS (Rom)
S44,95
$32.00
NIGHT STRIKE (Rom)
$44,95
$32.00
LUNAR LANDER d/C 2m
S20,95
$15.95
STAR TREK 3.S c 32k
S19,95
$14.95
SUNDAY GOLF C i6k
S14.95
$11.95
CHICKEN D/C 16K
S34,95
S26.95
TEMPLE OF APSHAI D/C 32K
$39,95
$29.95
UPPER REACHES c 32k
319.95
$14.95
CHRUSH, CRUMBLE & CHOMP D/C32K
S29.95
$23.95
ZAXXON D/C
S39,95
$29.95
CANYON CLIMBER D/C i6K
$29.95
$23.95
POOL 1 ,6 D i8K
S34.95
$26.95
All BABA D 32K
S32.95
$24.95
JAW BREAKER D/C 16K
S2995
$23.95
MOUSKAHACK D 32K
534,95
$26.95
APPLE PANIC D/C
S29.95
$19.95
SEA FOX D iSK
S29.95
$19.95
BUG AnACK D/C 24K
S29.95
$20.95
TEXT WIZARD d 32K
$99,95
$69.95
SPELL WIZARD D iBK
579,95
$59.95
COMPU-READ0 4BK
529,95
S20.95
COMPU-MATH D48K
539,95
$29.95
LEnER PERFECT d 24K
$149,95
$115.00
QS FORTH D d8K
579,95
$59.95
VtSICALC D 32K
5250,00
$165.00
For Inside California and Other Inquiries Call 1-916-989-3174
Retail
Our Price
SHAMUS (Rom)
539.96
$31.95
P90TECT0R (Rom)
543.95
$35.95
CROSSFIRE (Cass)
$29.95
$23.95
CHOPLIRER (Rom)
S39.95
$31.95
ASTROBLITZ (^om)
539.95
$31.95
VIDEOMANIA (Rom)
539.95
$31.95
TRASHMAN (Bom)
$39,95
$31.95
APPLE PANIC (Rom)
539.95
$31,95
INVASION ORION (Cass)
524,95
$19.95
DATESTONES OF RYN (Cass)
519,95
$15.95
SWORD OF FARGOAL (Cass)
529,95
$23.95
MONSTER MAZE (Rom)
539.95
$31.95
PLAHERMANIA (Rom)
539,95
$31.95
VI CALC (Cass)
$14.95
$11.95
HOME OFFICE
S2995
$23.95
VIC FORTH (Rom)
S5995
$4795
COMMODORE 64
DRAW POKER (Cass)
516.00
$12.80
COMPUTER FOOTBALL STRATEGY (Cos5>
516.00
$12.80
PLANET MINERS (Coss)
516.00
$12.60
COMPUTER STOCKS & BONDS (Coss)
S2G.O0
$16.00
TEMPLE OF APSHAI (Osk)
S39.95
$31.95
UPPER REACHES (D,sk)
519.95
$15.96
CURSE OF RA (d,sk)
519.95
$15.95
SWORD OF FARGOAL (Disk)
529.95
$23.95
JUMP MAN (Dsk)
539.95
$31.95
ZORK (Disk)
S39.95
$31.95
DEADLINE (D,sk)
539.95
$31.95
TURTLE GRAPHICS II CRom)
559,95
$47.95
828-2838
(For Placing Orders
Outside California)
MAIL ORDERS: For fast delivery, send certified check,
money orders, or Visa or Mastercord number and
expiration date, for total purchase price plus 1% or $2
minimum for postage and handling. Add $5 for
shipment outside the continental U.S. California
Residents add 6% soles fox.
COD: and Chargecard orders call 1-S00-626-2838.
In California call 1-916-989-3174.
Subject to stock on hand. Prices subject to change.
Catalog free with any order or send S2 postage and
handling and please specify computer type,
* •n-connection-
5133 Vista Del Oro Way Fair Oal<s, CA 95628
NEWS^PRODUCTS
Games For TRS-80
Computers
The Cornsoft Group has intro-
duced four recreational software
items for TRS-80 computers -
Crazij Painter, Boiinceoids,
Avenger, and MicroOwrd. Crazy
Painter, Boiinceoids, and Az'cugcr
are joystick-compatible arcade
games. MicroClwrd is a music
generation program.
Crazy Painter requires the
player to paint the screen com-
pletely before moving on to the
next skill level. This is compli-
cated by a mischievous puppy,
snakes, and "paint eaters" - all
remove parts of the paint at dif-
ferent times. The player must
catch the puppy while avoiding
the poisonous turpentine bucket
and the dreadful snake. Crazy
Painter is available for the TRS-80
Models I and III.
Bounceoids come crashing
in from space, attracting alien
natives with poison darts, off-
world snakes, and shaking bugs.
Players must blast the bounce-
oids and eliminate all the other
hazards to advance. During the
challenge mode, the flying space
flock adds suspense and excite-
ment in a test of strategy, coor-
dination, and targeting skills.
Boiinceoids is available for the
TRS-80 Models I and III.
In Aivnger, your Pesticraft
zeros in on the invasion of space
pests. Take too long to clear the
pests, and the mighty Avenger
appears and attempts to destroy
you. Droid-filled birds and
waves of space pests combine
for hours of tense aerial chal-
lenges. Avenger is available only
for the TRS-80 Color Computer.
MicroChord facilitates the
creation of original music or
favorite tunes. This single pro-
gram, in machine language.
"■•"CQiDPu SEfySEi:.-'
CARDBOARD 3
An Economy Expansion Interface
(Motherboard)
For the VIC-20«' Personal
Computer
The CARDBOARD'3 " is an expansion inter-
face designed la allow Ihe user to access more
than one ot the plug-in-type memory or utility
cartridges now available It will accept up to 3 |
RAM or ROM cartridges at once. For example
• 16k RAM - 16k RAM • 3li RAM
• 16k RAM • Sk RAM • Super Expander
• 16k RAM • 8K HAM • Vic-Mon
• 16k RAM • 3k RAM • Programmers Aid
• High quality TRW gold plated connectors
• This board is fused
• 90 day free replacement warranty covering ]
everything exceot the fuse
$39.95
CARDBOARD 6
An Expansion Interface for VIC'20*
• Allows memory expansion up lo dOK
• Accepts up to SIX games
• Includes a system reset button
• All slots are switch selectable
• Daisy Cham several unils for even more
versatility
$87.95
PUT SOME MUSCLE
IN YOUR
VIC 20
16K RAM
EXPANSION
$69.90
8K RAM
EXPANSION
$47.70
•DIRECT FROM
MANUFACTURER
•HIGHEST QUALITY
•LOWEST PRICE
•90 DAY WARRANTY
WHCENTURy'^
■ MICRO
7881 La Riviera Dr. Suite 131
Sacramento, CA 95826
Add S2 for shipping & tiandling
(Calltornia Residents add B% sales tax)
DEALER INQUIRES WELCOME
COMPUTER CASSETTES
100% Error-Free • Fully Guaranteed
-w
W J.
4;%m.m
12
24
LENGTH
PACK
PACK
C-05
79<P
69<P
C-10
89<F
79<P
C-20
99<P
89<;:
Boxes ....
26<P
21$
UPS $3.00 Pkg. $18.00 Case
C-10's 39<f
(Mln. 500 Case Lot)
w/labels ADO 4«,
w/boxes ADD 13C
^ FOR ORDERS ONLY
\ 1-800-528-6050 -
Extension 3005
MICRO-80'- INC.
2665-C Busby Road
Oak Harbor. WA 98277
MOV1983 COMPUTE! 266
produces excellent two-note
harmonics, with the aid of the
easy-to-use music editor. Micro-
Chord is available for the TRS-80
Models I and III.
The Contsoft Group
6008 N. Kci/s/()»f Avenue
huiiaimpolh, IN 46220
(219)257-3227
Memory Module
For The VIC
Apropos Technology has re-
leased Ramax, a memory module
with 27K bytes of static RAM
and two expansion connectors
for the VIC-20.
Features include;
- compatibility with any plug-in
device for the VlC-20
- completely switchable memory
in 3K and 8K sections
- a system reset switch
- fuse protection for the memory
and extension connectors
- very low power usage (less
than 150 ma. max.)
~ fully self-contained
- six-month factory warranty.
The cost is $169, shipping
included.
Apropos Technology
340 N. Uintnim, Suite 821'C
CmmriUo, CA 93010
(805)482-3604
Voice Box II
For Atari
The Alien Group announces the
Voice Box II, a programmable
speech synthesizer for Atari 400/
800 computers. The Voice Box U
requires a 32K disk system, and
has the following features:
• The ability to speak with
inflection.
• The ability to speak in foreign
languages with correct foreign
spelling as input.
• The ability to sing with voice
and three-part music.
• A library of 30 famous songs.
• A music system that allows the
user to enter new songs.
• Software that can convert the
bottom two rows of the Atari
keyboard into a piano with a
range of 3'/2 octaves using the
shift and control keys.
• Programmable musical sound
effects such as tremolo, vibrato,
and glissando.
• A singing huiuau face with lip-
sync animation designed by Jerry
White.
•A talking or singing Alien face
with software that allows the
user to change the face as he
sees fit.
• A talk and spell program by
Ron Kramer. Users can program
any vocabulary for this spelling
game. The program can speak in
a foreign language, and the user
must spell the correct word in
English, or vice versa.
Oliiinit Sales
SERVING YOU
SINCE 1947
Telex: 67 34 77 Tall-Fre» f>hDne Otders:
ToltfrBA Un CAi B0G-2S2-2T53 800-421-8045 (oui ot CA)
Order Dfsks apen 6 dayi i week! 7:DD AM id 6:00 Ptt Mon-Sdt
P.O, Bax 74S4b 216 Su. Oxioril Ave. Lo; Angeles. CA 90004
Phont: 12131 7391130 Cable: 'OLYftAV'" LSA
SS.OOOMO /nvffjtory #J *//
limei. Cofp. ^cn. mvited.
Good tiitifvcT to t¥»''itiil-ty, rhij *tf iupvrcrd*t
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ATARI800L
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"lot HEWLETT
f!M PACKARD
Personal Computer
HP-75C
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Re:$9g5.0Q
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41S prog, recorder S 77.9S
81 Qdiili drive 449.95
SSO interftce module 189.95
K commodore
M!&2tt?i49»5
COMMODORE64
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1541 DitlcDrin 1379.95 Thsu periphtnk
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1 5I5E Prjnttr 339.95 VIC-20 as wtll «
ISM VlcModtm ii» Ccmmodort 64_
fmmtduti dtLntfy on ill htrm \aaA ibovi!
Wi Iwrt in imrmout inwynt of nfrmn tor
Dm VIC 20.
Panasonic Cordless Phone $179.95
$2^95
ATARI
Video Game
NOW ONLY
SANYO 15"
Re:$325.0Q
B&W Monitor
Y/C: SI 79.95
BMC 12" Green Monitor $99.95
fiH RF modulitiii. FullcoliH griphm,
upptf^owir am, munc & voice tynThnutf ntait.
Free with purchase of one 64 at
$495.00 you get one 12" Green
Monitor or one Datasette or
$1 00 oH on 1 541 Did< Drive
$17995
mduding FREE
Donkey Kon^
C»fUirlte
Qpt1 ixpanBon
moduli for
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THE HOTTEST COMPUTER PRINTER
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Your Cost:J379.95
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Commotlore 12" Color Monitor
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Pearlcorder X-Ql
PEARLCORDERhy Olympusj
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camp, w/earphone, case, bitt. •^^'^
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Your LOW Cost: 599.95
ATAR 1200XL Re-
64K Computer $995.00
Y/C: $699.95
liBNQs Inslrunonts
HomeComouter
•your NET coti , ,_ Cr!e^^
iromTii Synthitlitc OFFER!
1200 Pirlptliril Eipiniion Bdx 219.95
1220 RS 232 Ciril 149.95
12U Diili Controller Cird 199.95
1250 Ei|i>n. Sys Diik Drive 319.95
1269 Memory E»p. Cirri |32K) 239.95
1270 P-Codc Cirri Irei). 1600) 199,95
1 600 Tdiphone modem 1 79.95
41 DO Monitor 319.05
Emeniled Biw 79.95 LOGO 99.95
Tl-tl Prorimtnilili Ciloililor tnJ5
PLUS h— libriiY nluad it $45.04
PC-100C Printer/plotter 159.95
COMING THIS SPRING FROM Tl-
TI-CC40 Compuler-typewriter style
keyboard, EK RAM expandable to
22K, portable, Can use TI-59 software!
Re:$269,95 Y/C:S199.95
TI-99/2 Computerw/IB bit processor,
4.2K RAM expandable to 32K, screen
ilisplay 2fl X 24, typewriter style key-
board, Basic language & mate!
Re:$99.95 Y/C:$89.95
SONY CORDLESS TELEPHONE
Model SPP'11 innercom, auto.
red iaI, rechargeable & more. High quality
unliiue Sony design. Y/C:S1 59.35 Sugg. Re: $299.95
TIMEX TS-1000
TimaxTS 1000 Computer ftrAU
p»V us t74.95&grt 1*15.00 ^HM"
rabite from Timex! W
FREE RF moduiatoi (for TV hook-up)
16K RAH Expansion $45.95
Timex Thermal printer/graphics 94.9S
Craig cnsette (program) recorder 59.95
TIMEX SaftMMi (76 piiiniiH fir veal)
SlKk DFtiw Anriyar tl-N
IRA PtoRiw 15.9S
R«l Eflm ImMimit AihIvbi 14.K
Pinftnil FiM«ct ninwr 12,H
Poitlolio Anhm '<.J|
Budfttxr 16.H
Drpnini '•.•*
diKktisok M«u|» 1S.K
irrd man ind man . . .CiH ml
266 COMPimi MoyWB3
Products for Commodore, Atari, Apple, and others!
.t^
THE MONKEY WRENCH II
A PROGRAMMERS AID FOR ATARI 800
NEW AND IMPROVED - 18 COMMANDS
PLUGS INTO RIGHT CARTRIDGE SLOT
F^
^ ^^atvash;?!^
^5^
THE
MDNKEV WRtNCH
II
^
$59.95
If you are a person who likes to monkey around with
the ATARI 800, then THE MONKEY WRENCH II is
tor you!! Make your programming tasks easier, less
time-consuming and more fun, Why spend extra
hours working on a BASIC program when the
MONKEY WRENCH can do it for you in seconds.
It can also make backup copies of boot type
cassette programs. Plugs into the right slot and
works with ATARI BASIC cartridge.
The MONKEY WRENCH provides 18 direct mode
commands. They are: AtJTO LINE NtJMBERING - Pro-
vides new line numbers wfien entering BASIC program
lines. RENUMBER - Renumbers BASIC'S line numbers
including internal references. DELETE LINE NUMBERS
— Removes a range BASIC line numbers.
VARIABLES - Display all BASIC variables and their current value. Scrolling - Use the
START&SELECT keys to displayBASIC lines automatically. Scroti up or down BASIC pro-
gram.FINDSTRING-Rndeuety occurrence of a string , XCHANGE STRING - Find every
occurrence ofastnngandfeplaceitwittianoltierstnng, MOVE LINES - Move lines from
one part of prog ram to anotfier part of program. COFV LIN ES — Copy lines from one part
of program lo anotfier part of program, FORMATTED LIST - Print BASIC program in
special line format and automatic page numbering. DISK DIRECTORY - Display Disk
Directory. CHANGE MARGINS - Provides the capability to easily change the screen
margins. MEMORY TEST — Provides the capability to test RAM memory. CURSOR
EXCHANGE — Allovre usage of the cursor keys v^ithout holding flown the CTRL key.
UPPER CASE LOCK - Keeps the computer in the upper case character set HEX CON-
VERSION - Converts ahexadecimalnumberto a decimal number DECIMAL CONVER-
SION — Converts a decimal number lo a hexadecimal number MONITOR - Enter the
machine language monitor
In addition to the BASIC commands, the Monkey Wrench also contains a machine
languagemonitorwithie commands used to interact with the powerful features of the
6502 microprocessor
x^^
Ml
VIC RABBIT CARTRIDGE
AND CBM 64 RABBIT CARTRIDGE
"High-Speed
Cassette
Load and Save!"
$39.95
(includes Cailridge
and Manual)
Expansion Connector
on the VIC Cailridge
"Don't waste your Life away waiting to LOAD and SAVE
programs on Cassete Deck."
Load or Save 8K in approxiinately 30 seconds! Try
it — your Un-Rabbitized VIC takes almost 3 minutes.
It's not only Fast but VERY RELIABLE.
Almost as fast as VIC Disk Drive! Don't be foolish -
Why buy the disk when you can get the VIC Rabbit
for much, much less!
Easy to install — it just plugs in.
Expansion Connector on rear.
Works with or without Expansion Memory.
Works with VIC Cassette Deck.
12 Commands provide other neat features.
Also Available for 2001 , 4001 , and 8032
Standard Terminal Communications Package
•PI^O'IOD OOA CP<Dl>D2 BELL ^ IJ 30 00 10 ia:36
Don'( 5«l1le lof noft-standard Communications Prolocol!
Access Micro Net. Source. Bulletin Boards. Local Main-
frame, etc
I ■ Compleit Package - Includes RS232 Inter
/ lace Board and software (does not include
r modemi
- • Communicates in Industry Standard ASCJI
^ • Uptoad/DowrtloaO to/from Chsk
* Automatic File rranslation
• Can tte conlrolled from keytward or user sup-
OlieC bas^c oi macfMne language program
Specify 3.0 or 4.0 ROMS or 8032 Commodore Computer
4040 or 8060 or PEDtSK II Disli or CBM64 on 1S41.
Price: $129.95
ATARI AND PET
EPROM PROGRAMMER
Programs 2716 and 2532
EPROMs. Includes hardware
and software. PFT = $75.00-
ATARI (includes sophisticated
riftachjne language monitar) =
$119.95
• j^jr,M>
Prownier Printer . Eiceiient dot raattKptini Parallel « S489 00
Serial » SMO 00 IEEE - S5a9 00
PET BASIC SCROLL PROGRAM
Scroll thru Basic Programs using cursor
up/down keys. Specify computer. $6.00 on
cassette, $9.00 on diskette.
65C02 MAE
Same as our MAE but enhanced for the new
65C02 Opcodes. Turns your computer into a
d evelopment system for the new ROCKWELL
65C02 Microprocessor. $200.00 — Specify
Computer.
6800 CROSS ASSEMBLER
A Cross Assembler based on the MAE that
runs on the PET, AppI e, or Atari but assembles
opcodes for the Motorola 6800 microproces-
sor. Turns your computer into a development
system for the Motorola 6800 Microprocessor
$20000 — Specify Computer
ATARI and VIC Cartridges
EHS can supply large quantities of ATARI and
VIC Cartridges for software developers. If you
need cartridges, call for pricing.
TRAP 65
TRAP 65 IS a (laidwire device tliaf
piggsmio yourBSWs soci<el, Ptevents
execution of unimplemenled opcodes
and provides capatHity to extend ttie
macliines' instruction ser
ForPET/APPLE/SVM
ReCuceO from St49 95 to S69 95
DC Hayes Smart f^odem = S235 00 |
DC Hayes Micro Modem il = i2m 00
Rana Disk Dine - 375
4 Drive Controller - 114
More than just an Assembler/Editorl
Now for the "64"
\
m m Ik. r
A
ivyi/it-
IVIMl
Ifs a
A
for
Professionally
PET
Designed
APPLE
Software y \l
ATARI
Developmenl W^Tk
$*6ft8S
System ...JHIL.
New
v^^B
Price
mg^^M
$99.95
Blast off with the software used
on the space
shuttle project!
■ Qeitqneti to impj-cws Programmar Pc&duClivmty
■ Similar syntax and commands — No fwed lo fatearn
pOCuliar synlaxfls ar>d commancts Mhen you go
from PET 10 APPLE 10 ATARI
* Coresident AssemblerfEdilor — Ua no^ io load
IhsEditortheniheAs&ernbldf ihen ihaEdiior. ate
» AisojncludflsWofdPfOCflSior, flalocalingLnacJer
and much rr^ocfl
■ Options EPROM Prog ram iTWr. unimplarnaniiid
Opcode circuitry
- STILL NOT CONVINCED S«ndkyffM»pocsrw«
5 )i INCH SOFT
SECTORED OISKEHES
Highest qiulity. We use them on
our PETs, APPLES, ATARIs, and other
computers. S22.5(W1 0 or M4.5O/20
EPROHS 2716 = $4.502532 = J7,50
Over 40 ComtBodore Proarams by Balttr (on ^
May 1983 COMWIE! 267
• The screen never blanks oiil
while talking or singing.
• Singing or speaking sub-
routines can be incorporated
into your programs, requiring as
little as 100 bytes of RAM plus 5
bytes for each word.
• Sound comes out of the TV -
no extra components are re-
Speech Synthesizer with Singing Human Face
|,:ABftM^©^
The Alien Group's Voice Box II.
quired. Expander module is not
needed.
• Entries into the $5000 talking
or singing game contest can be
written using the Voice Box II -
contest information is enclosed.
The Alien Group
27 West 23ni Street
Nezv York, NY 200W
(212)741-1770
Road Atlas For
The Apple
Columbia Software has intro-
duced a computerized road atlas
for the Apple II personal com-
puter. Called Roadsearch, the
program simplifies the process
of determining driving routes,
mileages, travel times, and fuel
usage.
Rondsearch develops differ-
ent types of routes. One program
finds the shortest practical route
between cities in its data base.
This program can also a\'oid toll
or other roads. Another program
develops routes which may be
longer but more suitable to a
user's specific needs. Roadsearch
also contains a subroutine that
estimates flying time between
cities.
The atlas has a data base of
406 cities and road intersections
located in the USA and Canada.
Also included in the data base
are about 69,000 miles of inter-
state and major through high-
ways. This data base can be
modified with updated road
mileages.
The printed outputs are an
excellent companion on any trip.
They include the driving route,
distances, travel times, and fuel
usage tailored to vehicle average
miles per gallon (mpg).
Roadsearch requires an Apple
II personal computer with DOS
3.3. The price is $34.95.
Cohiitibiii Software
P.O. liox2235
Cohimbm, MD 21045
(301)997-3100
VJH GOT THE BEST
FOR THE COMMODORE 6^
[At The Lowest: Prices]
FINANCE CALC
DATA BASE 64
INVOICE EASE
HESWRITER
TOUCH TYPING TUTOR
MUSIC IVtAKER
BABIES OF THE DIRT
GR1DRUNNER
TEMPLE OF AP5HAI
MOTOR MANIA
COMPETITION PRO JOYSTICKS
BUSINESS AND HOME APPLICATIOIMS
The #1 selling finance manager for your business and
home.
A professional record keeping system \A/ich instant recall.
A cash register and invoice princer. Ic even creates a daily
sales report.
An advanced word processing system on a cartridge.
Learning typing can be fun!
E MTE RT A I IM M E IM T
Play, record and \A/rite music. Better than a piano.
An earthqual<e sucks you into the center of the earth. To
escape you muse kill the Babies Of The Dire. But don't
miss, on it's doomsday. Watch out for" the Mother!
Control your lightning fast battleship against enemy droids.
Use intelligence to eliminate monsters and reach the
treasure.
Avoid broken glass, rocks, walls, oil spills and crazy drivers.
They're the best. 100% better than Wico.
YOU CAN TOO!
CALL [ai3] S8a-53G8 OR MAIL TO:
HOUSE OF SOFTWARE • B224 Sunland Blvd. • Sun Valley. CA 91352
SBS.oa
S59.DO
S35.00
S3S.OO
S1 S.DD
S35.DD
SS7.00
ses.oo
ESS.OO
ffi19.QO
26B COHPUn! MayWB3
THE PEOPLE'S
COMPUTER
SUPPLY
MAKE YOUR TIMEX/SINCLAIR ZXSO/fil DO EVERYTHING
FROM PLAYING GAMES TO SERIOUS BUSINESS
APPUCAT10NS WrTH HARDWARE & SOFTWARE FROM
THE PEOPLE'S COMPUTER SUPPLY.
MEMOTECH PIIODUCTS OUR PRKE
» 1 64K MEMOPAK i IM95
11 MKMEMOPAK «95
*3 14KMEM0PAK 5a?5
* a NEW 14K BASEL(NE
MEMOPAK, 4555
«5 HIGH RE5GRAPHICS 95Si
»6 PARALLEL PRINTER
INTERFACE 7495
*? RS233 INTERFACE FOR
PRINTER I. MODEM 9555
*S PRINTERCABLESPECIFY
RS3320R CPI I9.?3
«» NEW DIRECT CONNECT
FULLSIZE KEYBOARD «.S5
Nosoldering. plucj$ inroeOge connector
»I0 SEIKOSHAGP10OADOT
MATRIX PRINTER. . 335.00. . 3W9S-
SEIKOSHAGP3S0X DOT
MATRIX PRINTER.. 369. 95. . 44995"
'P.*rniirl PriPMef Pjckiiqc tnciu<w4 C40>c& CP) In
VISA, MASTER CARDS. AMEX
& MONEY ORDERS
PERSONAL CHECK
ALLOW 2 WEEKS
OTHEit PRODUCTS
»l ZONXai SOUND
GENERATOR 149.95
»7 HIGHQUALfTY9-- GREEN
PHOSPHORMONITOR 5115.95
Requires Direct Video Mod to ZX81
FREE Plans witti ordei*. stmpte in-
$talldtton
#3 WILLIAM STUART SYSTEMS
LTD
SPEECH SYNTHESIS
UNLIMITED
VOCABULARY FOR 2X6081
TIMEX 99.95
«4 aiGEARSSPEECHRECOGNI-
TION SYSTEM 99.95
CRASH GUARD PROTECTION FROM
ACCIDENTALCRASHES 19.95
Foreign Orders Please Add $5,50
U.S. Orders Please Add S3.00
Prinrer& Monitor Orders add $7.50
THE PEOPLE'S COMPUTER SUPPLY
P.O. Boi 664, Sidney, Nebraska 69162
Order Phone: Tel. 30B.254-320S
Model EP-2A-79
EPROM Programmer
Three years in the field with unsurpassed performance. Software is available for
the EP-2A-79 for most all of the microcomputers including the popular CP/M,
FLEX. HDOS operating si^tems. Write or call for specific hardware/software inter-
facing. Driver packages available for F-8, 6800, 6809, 8080, 8085, Z-80, 1802,
6502 and 2650 based systems.
EP-2A-79 115V50/60H2 $169,00
Personality Modules
PM-0 TMS2708 , . , $17.00 PM-5 2716,2758 . , $17 00
PM-1 2704.2708 17.00 PM-5E 2816 35.00
PM-2 2732 33.00 PM-8 MCM68764 . . 35.00
PM-2A 2732,'\ .... 33.00 PM-9 2764 35.00
PM-3 TMS2716 . . . 17.00 SA-&1-2 TMS 2564, 25128 39.00
PM-4 TMS 2532 . . . 33.00 SA-64-3 2764.27128 . . 39.00
Optimal Technology, Inc.
Phone (804) 973-5482
Blue Wood 127 Earlysvillc. VA 22936
AREYOUA
SMART BUYER?
$89.95t
For ^O9o9^ tfiis is a smart buy if you're looking for a place
to store your computer, periptierals. and accessories without
spending a fortune.
Tfie CS 1632 computer storage
cabinets compact yet functional
design Gts almost anywhere wfiile
housing your cotnputer monitor,
joysticks, software, books ancS
peripherals aK for only $89,95,
The slide out shelf puts the
computer at the tight height and
position for easy comfortable
operation.
The fold up locking door keeps
unwanted fingers off the key
board when not in use.
To store joysticks just tum them
upside down and slide them into
the inverted storage rack.
Twist tabs on the back of center
panel allow for neat concealed
grouping of wires, wfiile power
packs rest tiidden bcfiind center
panel on stielf.
The slide out sofhware tray has room for 14 cartridges or cassettes
and up to 30 diskettes. Most brands of software will St between the
adjustable partitions with a convenient tiook for the spare key at rear.
Stand fits Alari 400 & 800. Commodore 64 & VIC 20, Ti 99/4A
and TRS-80.
Cabinet dimensions overall 36" fiigh x 33-7/8" wide x 16" deep.
Cabinet comes unassembled. Assembly requires only a screwdriver,
hammer, and a few minutes of yoiir time-
Choice in simulated woodgrain, of warm golden oak or rich natural
walnut finish.
To order CS1632, send $89,95 to;
F>0. Box 446 V\fest Linn,OR gf7068
Phone orders call, (503) 636-6888
HVT€CSystems
Name _
Address ,
Gty
. State
.Zip
□ Golden oak finish □ Natural walnut finish
Q My personal check, casftiers check or money order is enclosed.
D BiUmyVISA* Exp. Date
n Bill my Mastercard * Exp. Date
Card Holders Signature
Immediate shipment if in stock. If pereonai chcdt is sent, allow additianfl] 2 weeks.
Prices subject 10 change. Shipmcnl subject lo availabiUty. Calsiiwl shipped unassembled in
2 cartons Ships UPS fit. colled FOB Portland, Oregon.
SIMULATIVE
STRATEGY GAMES
from PR. Softwane for your
VIC-20 or ATARI 400/800
Semi-graphtc Non-Arcade
No Joysticks Required
If you want inteltigent high quafity, reason-
ably priced software that's not arcade then
read on . - .
For VIC or ATARI:
FOOTBALL CHALLENGE:
Manage an NFL team against your computer
or a friend. Uses actual team statistics. All
1982 NFL teams are included, 10 levels of
computer play. A real challenge!
$15 95
DUNGEONS OFKAL
(New expanded version)
Semi-graphic text adventure in the realm of
the euil two- headed ruler KAL! Can you
save mankind from KAL's awful plan of
destruction? Different each time. Not for the
timid at heart! eiE f>e
Above 2 programs: Vic version requires min
8 K expander cartridge ATARI version
requires standard 16K.
Mofe sTTfliegy games ior 5K vlandard VIC 111.95 each;
• Dungeon of Kal • Computer Baseball
• Convoy Raider • Star Defender • At the
Track * Boxer's Corner * Convoy Escort
All programs on cassette Wiitc (or free catalog Specify
computer type
Send Check or l»1onfV Order + $1.50P/Hlo
P.R. SOFTWABE - P.O. Box 169
South San Francisco, CA 94DS0
Caltfornia Residents add b^'i% sales trtx
VICisaReg •mofCMB
ATARI 15 a Keg TMol ATARI Inc
CASSETTES ! ! !
FOR YOUR COMPUTER
• Computer Grade • Wide Dynamic Range
• 100% Error Free • 5 Screw Housing
• Fully Guaranteed ■ Carefully Packed
A// Prices Include Shipping
• Phone Orders Add $1.50 C. O. D. Fee '
COMPUTER TAPE PRICES
Length 12 LOT 24 LOT 100 LOT
C-5 .52/6.24 .38/9.12 ,35/35.00
C-10 .55/6.60 .40/9.60 .35/35.00
C-20 .60/7.20 .45/10.80 .40/40.00
BASF DPS Tapes Add .05 Cents Per Tape
— Custom Lengths Available —
. . . Write For Volume Prices. . .
— Noreico Cassette Cases and Labels —
\wlth Cassette Orders Only\
12-24 Cases'. 20 Ea. 250/13 Ea.
12 Labels for .20 120for1.70
SEND MONEY ORDERS OR CHECKS TO:
CASS-A-TAPES
Bo>;B123-C
Kansas City, Mo. 64112
816-444-4651
Software Directory
The PC Clearinghouse Directory
contains more than 21,000 soft-
ware listings. The listings, ar-
ranged bv application descrip-
tions such as "GENERAL BUSI-
NESS - Accounting" or "HOME
USE - Shopping List," provide
the user with a full listing of the
computer software available for
a particular task.
The directory lists hard to
find software. Programs for such
specialty applications as "feed
mill systems" or "resort man-
agement" are not normally
found on computer store
shelves. But these and other
specialized vertical market soft-
ware packages are listed in the
directory .
In addition to providing
information on the software ven-
dors (company name, address,
phone, product line), the direc-
tory also cross-references the
software with the computer
hardware, allowing easy iden-
tification of the range of pro-
grams designed for use with a
specific computer unit. For ex-
ample, a check of the directory
would reveal 785 different gen-
eral business programs for the
Apple personal computer.
The Clearinghouse Direc-
tory lists over 200 microcomput-
ers and their manufacturers, and
2,900 software vendors.
PC Stores Teleninrt Clcnrliighoiisc
P.O. Box 7353
Middlebitr^, V A 22117
Resource Guide For
Timex/Sinclair
Users
TSG Enterprises has released
The Watchmakers Guidebook to the
TimexISindair Computers (44
pages).
The book contains a direc-
tory of about 120 software
suppliers, 50 hardware sup-
pliers, and 20 ancillary suppliers.
In addition, the guide contains
directories of user groups and of
Timex/Sinclair specific
magazines and books, and an
index to general personal com-
puter magazine articles about
the Timex/Sinclair computer.
The book is available by
mail order ($3.95 plus $1 postage
and handling) from:
TSG Enterprises
GuiiJckxik
54 Richwood Place
Denville, N] 07834
Word Processing
For ViC-20
United Microware Industries
has introduced Wordcraft 20, a
personal word-processor for
VIC-20 users - a fully featured
cartridge program with 8K of
RAM (Random Access Memory),
Wordcraft 20 is available from
UMI dealers for $269.95.
With W^ordcraft 20, docu-
Commodore 64 Software
"SPRITEWRITER"
Multicolor and Single Color
Sprite Edit/ Design
The sprite generation package witti the most
features availat>te.
Ap pend sprite data statements to any prog ram.
Test your sprites - up to 6 sprites displayed at
the X,Y location you choose. Manipulate color
of sprites and background. X,Y scaling and X,Y
coordinates.
Our price is $24,95 on cassette or S29,95 on
diskette -•■ $1.00 for shipping and handling.
Several new software packages will be
available by tfie time this ad runs.
Pixel! Now sells Hardware!
CBM 64 and periptierals
Amdek Monitors and Plotters - lowest prices
available
Corvus Disk Drives
The complete NEC product line
NEC 6000 and 8000 Personal Computer
NEC 3800
The APC - the best personal small business
mactiine built
Gall for the most competitive pnces.
Mastercard /Visa
Dealer inquiries welcorrte
1
o pixel I software
6595 W. Mississippi PI, Lakewood, CO 80226
(303) 922-9197
270 COMPUTE! Moy1983
jcipphzlA ATARI
r APPLE® COMPATIBLE COMPUTER
AN ECONOMICAL ALTERNATIVE
SYSCOM 2
$699
DISK DRIVES
MICHOSCI RANA
A2 Iwfeont) t369 Elite I |w/cont) S399
A40(w/contl $435 Elite II (wteono S539
A70(w/cont| J555 ENte III (w/conl) i679
FOURTH Super (w/coni) . $335
APPLE SOFTWARE
ARTSCI ON-LINE
Magic Window II J99 wiz& Princess S22
AvlNTQiRriE * Mystery House (17
AVANTGABDE TimeZone $66
hVS^.TJ'"''^" 11?. M^u'auder $24
Hi-ResGolf $20 Froocjer S23
Sc2S l^aifAi **^ cannonbaii siii;::::::::: $23
BEAQLEBROS. Screenwriter Prof J135
°°l°%^, • Ill QUALITY
* P^,^ P °' J28 Bag of Tricks $27
V'"'yC'i>i • «1 AM BabaS 40 Thieves .S22
I'P Vi.j k""; il, SENSIBLE SOFTWARE
^fPlf^echamc ..$2 sensible Speller $85
^ °"'° °°^ «1 Super Disk Copy III $21
fH^p ::::::::;:::::;::•:: ^^fl'^^'^'^s *'«
rh?nii«^ ,„ Knight of Dia $24
Cf^oP' f'*'^ «3 SOPTWARE PUBLISH.
Star Blazer $22 peg- RsDnrt Sfil
Davids Midnight $23 PFlFM^ng ::::::::::;::«
Apple Panic $20 pFS: Graph . $1?
Alien Ra.n . $17 SPINNAKER
oNTp;^; ^ i--S:,;:::::-
glgfn'^::!:::: Ill IS--- :::::::-
°*J*"°tT STONEWARE
Snack Attack $21 o.B. Master $158
Swashbuckler $23 db. Master Util »1 $70
EDUWARE Graphics Proc. Sys $46
Spelling Bee MiReaa ... $27 STRATEGIC SIM,
Alg, 1,2or3 $27 Computer Baseball $27
Rendevous $27 Cylron Masters $27
Prisoner II $23 Guadalcanal .,. $42
HAYDEN SOFTWARE Galactic Gladiators ....$27
sargon II $25 Battle of Shiloh $27
P'emWer $95 Tigers In Snow $27
INFOCOH Cosmic Balance $27
Zork 1, II or III $27 Computer Qrtrbach $27
Starcross $27 SUBLCGIC
Deadline $34 Flight Simulator $25
INSOFT Space Viking $34
Graforth II $50 Saturn Navigator $24
Electric Duet $20 SYNERGISTIC
LOTUS Alianiis $27
Exec. Brief Sys $126 Global Prog. Line Ed. ..$44
MICROSOFT VISICORP
Basic Compiler $270 Visiterm $72
Multiplan $190 Visioafc 3.3 $175
Olympic Decatha Ion ...$20 MISCELLANEOUS
MUSE Bandits $23
Robot War $27 Human Fly $21
Castle Wolfensteir $20 MasterType $27
PENGUIN New Step by Step $57
Graphic Magician $42 Sam (w/DAC) $83
Comp. Graphics Sys. ..$49 Ultima $27
.Special Effects $29 Zoom Graphics $27
PRINTERS
CITOH NEC
Prowriter $379 8023 A-C $465
Prowriterll $649 3510 $1375
Stanfl/rller $1379 3630 $1595
Prinlmaster $1599 3550 (IBM) $1829
r^CMIUI in cun 7710/7730 $2319
^ImM H^ "lAl SMITH CORONA $589
(jbMINlTO .. $409 AXIOM GP-100 . $269
MONITORS
NEC AMDEK
12"GRN(JB1260) ... $116 V3O0 $139
12'GRN(JB1201M) .$155 V310(eRN-IBM) $169
12'ColorComposite $329 V310-A (Amber IBM] . $169
t2"ColorRGB $689 COLOR I $298
USI(Amber) $169 COLORII $650
MODEMS
HAYES NOVATION
MIcromodem II $269 Appie-Cal II $299
Stack Smartmodem $215 212Apple-Cat $589
Smanmodem 1200 . . $519 D-Cat $155
ANCHOR AUTOMATION Signalman I or II $79
ACCESSORIES
. Wico (Joy) $23 WiCO (T-Baii) $49
800(48K) $495
NEW64KATARI1200 .CALL
BAMDISK (128K) S37B
BIT 3 - 80 COL. BOARD $279
400 KEYBOARD (In Home) $95
StO OISK DRIVE ... $419 32K RAM (Mosaic) S9S
410 RECORDER $74 32K RAM (Intac) $69
850 INTERFACE . .. J164 64K |lntflc/4D0) ...$129
400 COMPUTER .... J2ig 4eK (Int8c/400) $95
Entortainsf $G6 Eiiutialor $112
CommunitMlor $298 Programmar $52
Single Density Master _ S399
Double Density Master $539
Double Density Dual , $859
Dbl Sided Dbl Density Master $659
Dbl Sided Dbl Density Dual $949
ADVENTURE IMT'L
BearGuard(D) $17
Adv. 1-12 each (C) $18
Preppie (C/D) $20
Di5key(D) $33
APX
Eastern Front (0(0) $23
Fam. Cash Flow (D) $17
747 Land Sim. (C/D( $17
ATARI INC.
Fig-Forth |Ci $30
Galaxian $32
Defender $32
ET $36
Microsoft Basic (D) $65
Macro Ass. & Edit, (0) . $65
Assembler EdiiorJR) ..$45
Basic Cartridge (R| $45
PacMan{R) $32
Centipede (R) $32
Caverns of Mars (0) $28
Missile Command (R) ..$27
Star Raiders (R) $32
Conv. Lang. Ea. (C) $44
Music Composer (R) .... $31
Super Breakout (R| $27
My First Alphabet (D| .. $26
Prog. 2 & 3 (ea.)(C) $21
Word Processor (D) .,.$107
Pilot (Educ) $98
Touch Typing (C) $19
Home File Mngr(D) - ,- $37
AUTOMATED SIMUL.
Monster Maze (R| $27
Invasion Orion (CfD) ....$18
Temple of Aps.(C/D) .,..$28
Star Warrior (C/D) $28
Dragon's EyB(D) $20
Crush Crumble (C/D) .., $20
AVALON HILL
Empire of Over (D) $23
B-1 Nuc. Bomber |C) ....$12
BRODERBUND
Apple Panic (C/Dl $20
Star Blazer $22
Chopltfter(D| $23
DATA SOFT
Text Wizard 11(D) $65
Graphics Gen. (D) $17
Basic Compiler (D) $65
Zaxxon(C/D) ,.. ..$28
EOU-WARE
Compu-Read |D) $21
Compu-Math Fr, (0) $28
Compu-Math Dec. (D) .. $28
INFOCOM
Zork I. II or 111(D)..,,. $27
Starcross $27
Deadline (D| $34
JV SOFTWARE
Action Quest (C/D) $20
Ghost Encount. (C/D| .. $20
KBYTE
Krazy(each) $34
LJK
Letter Perfect (D| $104
Data Perfect (D) $74
ONLINE
Wiz & Princess (D| $22
Crossfire (C/D) $20
Frosger{C/D) $23
Jawbreaker (C/Di $21
Crossfire (H) $28
OPTIMIZED SYSTEMS
Max-56(D) $58
Basic A+ (0) $58
ROKLAN
Gorf(D| $27
Gorf(R) $30
Wizardof Wor(D) ... . $27
Wizard of Wor(R( $30
SIRIUS
Space Eggs (D) $20
Sneakers (01 $20
Way Out (D) ,.. $27
Bandits (D) $23
FastEfldy(R) $27
SPINNAKER
Snooper Troops #1 (D) . $30
Snooper Troops #2(0). $30
Storm Machine(D) $23
Face Maker (D) $23
STRATEGIC SIM.
Shattered Alliance |D) , $28
Tigers In Snow (C/D) .... $28
Battle of Shiloh (C/D) ., $26
Battle of Norm. (C/0) .,, $27
Galactic Gladiator(D) . $27
Cytron Masters ID) $27
SYNAPSE SOFTWARE
FltaMngr800+ $65
Protector II $23
Shamus(C»D) $23
Nautilus (C/0) $23
Claim Jump (C/D) $23
THORN EMI
Jumbo Jet (R) $34
Submarine Comm. (R) . $34
MISCELLANEOUS
All BabalD) ..$22
Miner 2D49er(R) $35
Kid Grid (C/D| $20
Pool 1.5(D) $23
Raster Blaster (D) $20
Sam(D) $41
Galactic Chase (C) $17
Warlocks Revenge (D) . $24
Visicalc(D) $169
3-DSupergraph(C/D| ..$29
SlarbaseHyp(D) $17
PogoMan(C/D| $27
Airs1rike|C/D) $28
Sammy Sea Serp,(C) ,., $13
PinbalUD) $20
64K RAM
780 KB Disk Storage
Word Processor
Ultracalc CP/M
C- Basic Software
EAGLE II $2329
EAGLE IV IIOM Byte Hard Disk) $4299
commodore
VIC64 CALL
VIC 20
1541 OISK DRIVE
1525 PRINTER ..
, . . $149 1530 RECORDER $64
.. CALL 160D MODEM S92
. . CALL 16KRAM $88
VIC SOFTWARE
Avenger $23
Supersiot $23
Super Alien $23
Jupiter Lander , $23
Draw Poker $23
Midnight Drive $23
Radar Rai Race $23
Raid on Fort Knoi $23
Sargon II Chess $29
Super Smash $23
Cosmic Cruncher $23
Gort $29
Omega Race ,. ,.$29
Money Wars $23
Menagerie $23
HES Softwars
VIC Forth (B) $46
HESMon(R) $29
Turtle Graphics (R) $29
HES Writer (R) $29
Agoressor(R) $29
ShamusIR) $29
ProlectOf(R) $33
Synthesound(R| .,$49
Sk)er(C) $15
Mazeof Mikor(C| $15
Tank Wars (C) $15
Victrek(C) $15
Pinball(C) $13
Simon (C) $13
Fuel Pirates (C) ,.$13
Pak Bomber (C) $13
Laser Blitz |C) $15
Tank Trap (C) $16
Concentration (C| $13
DamBomber(0| ..- $)3
Cosmic Jallbreak $23
Clowns $23
Garden Wars $23
Sea Wolf $23
Adventureland $29
Pirate Cove $29
Mission Impossible $29
The Count $29
Voodoo Castle $29
The Sky Is Falling $23
Mole Attack $23
Bingo Speed Malh $23
Home Babysitter $23
Visible Solar System ... $23
Personal Finance .„.,,., $29
UNITED MICROWARE
Spiders Of Mars(R| $34
Meteor Run (R) $34
Amok(C) $17
Alien Blitz(Cl $17
SkymatrifC) $12
Space Division (C) $12
Super Hangman (C) $14
The Alien (C| $17
3D Maze |C) $12
Kosmic Kamikaze (C) ..$17
Sub Chase (C) $17
Amok(H) $27
Renaissance (R) $34
Alien Blilz(R) $27
Cloud Burst (B) $27
Satellites (R) $34
OutworldlR) $34
COMPUTERS
TELEVIDEO
802 $2595 802H S4445
NEC
PC.8001 Computer $709
PC-8012 I/O Unit $469
PC-8031 (Dual Drive) $709
NORTH STAR
Atjvantage S2595
Advantage (5M ByteH.D.) $3799
TRS-80
MOD III (2 Drvs, 48K) $1649
* COSMIC ^
COMPUTERS
UNLIMITED
THE ABOVE PRICES AHE FOR PREPAID ORDERS
ORDER LINES OPEN MON-SAT 8 am - 8 pm
(714) 861-1265
228 N. PROSPECTORS RD.
DIAMOND BAR. CA 91765
Add $2.00 Shipping per software ortJer anywhere in u.S
Add S5.0D Shipping p€r software for nor-U.S. Orders,
P.O. Box or FPO-APO. Call for cost of Hardware shipping
Calif residents add 6'h% sales lax. Cashiers Checks or
Money Orders filled same day Personal checks require 4
weeks tc i;lear. Mastsr Card and Visa OK for sottwar«
only, add 3K surcfiargt, include card no,, expiralioo
iJale and signature. Prices subject 1o change.
APPLE IS A TRADEMARK OF APPLE COMPUTER, INC
ATARI IS A TRADEMARK OF ATARI, INC
IBM IS A TflAOEMAflK OF
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP
TRS-SO IS A TRADEMARK OF RADIO SHACK
J
is
SMASH HIT
an ACTION packed video game of
STRATEGY and SKILL for
TWO PLAYERS
®
for ATARI home computers with
32K memory and two loy sticks.
JK
You are fighting your enemy in unstable space.
With the shock of every missile explosion, deadly
fiyperspikes break out. Confact with hyperspikes
causes instant disintegration. As you lunnel
through space-time, weaving in and out of hyper-
spikes, WATCH OUT for rammers and space mif%es
Be ori ihe lookout for the sudden appearance of
sman bon^bs and streakers on your tail The only
way to come out alive is to trap your opponent m a
cage o( hyperspskes. Try ii — wjlh a (riend
Only $29.95 (on disc)
Distributors and Dealers Welcome
Cain -21 5-485-5000
Afftne, Inc.
LaJL
P O 80« 2026
A$lon. Pennsylvania iSOi'^
ssssssss«ssssssssss=;?ssssss
"CARD/?" 5j
(CARD/PRINT) '&
UNIVERSAL CENTRONICS
PARALLEL PRINTER
INTERFACE FOR THE VlC-20-
Now you can use your VIC-20" with
an EPSON MX-80 printer, or an OKI-
DATA printer, or a TANDY printer, or
just about anybody's printer. And you
don't have to give up the use of your
user port (MODEM), or change to
special printer commands, or load any
special software driver programs to do
It.
• Outputs standard ASCII codes to ]
the printer.
• Plugs in the ViC-20" printer serial
i/o port.
• Understands all standard VIC-20"
print commands.
• No modification to your VIC-20"
• No special programs required.
• Includes all necessary cables to
hook up a standard printer using
Centronics parallel input.
• MADE IN THEU S.A.
The CARD'' IS aproducl ol CARDCO Inc
S79.95
TO ORDER
P 0 BOX 1S765 ,
WICHITA. KS 67218 I — V^*^
(316) 263-1095
Personal checks accepled
(Allow 3 weeks) or
COD (AUd S2 001
Handling charges S2 DO
V1C-2Q* IS a registered uademark ot Commodofe
ments are displayed ori the
screen and printed exactly as
typed, so editing is visLially sim-
plified. And automatic toin--
direction scrolling permits com-
plete viewing of its 99-character
hv 66-line page capacity.
Characters, words, and
large copy blocks can he deleted,
inserted, moved, and copied,
and up to 40 pages can be stored
on a diskette or tape.
A writer can "personalize"
business letters using Wordcraft
20's mailing list files, and if elec-
tronic mail (computer to com-
puter) is sent, it can be made
unreadable to anyone without
the keyword.
Wordcraft 20 supports the
Cotnmodore 1515 printer as well
as a variety of serial printers.
More Wordcraft 20 features
are:
• I'age width and length altera-
tion any time
• New page control
• Automatic line centering
• Justified or ragged margins
• Tab stops
• Decimal tabs
• Muitistep indentation for
outlines
• Text highlighting
• Hard and soft hyphens
• Search and replace
• Mailing list files
• Paragraph merging
Uuih'd Micnnvnrc Industries
35(B-C Tnnplc Avenue
Ponioim, CA 91768
(714)594-1351
Games For The
Atari
Romox has released fourgatnes
for the Atari 400/800 personal
computers.
Forttinc Hunter is a two-
plaver cartridge game that offers
.six rooms of treasure and adven-
ture. When you enter a room, it
grows lo full screen proportions,
and then both vour treasure and
Fortune Hunter fri'in Romox,
your enemies appear on the
screen. Your mission: capture
the treasure, and evade or de-
stroy your enemies before your
time expires. You are also chal-
lenged by deadly cobras, scorp-
ions, genies, moving doors and
lances, force fields, and relent-
less guards that disappear at
will. FortiDie Hunter has nine
levels of difficulty; your speed
and agility with vour bow and
arrow increase at each level.
Priiicesf and Fro^ is also a
two-player game in cartridge
form. Your objective: make a
Ql commodore
^VIC 20 $176
16K RAM $ 79
8K RAM MEMORY EXPANSION
$ 39.95
D Check Enclosed D C.O.D,
NAME
STREET .
CITY
STATE_
PHONE _
. ZIP_
Add 3% Shipping Charge.
COD'S adO SI 50 plus 20% Deposil
Required CA Res 6% Tax
Personal chectis accepted
(Allow J Aeexs enirai
U.S. TECHNOLOGIES
8306 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 335
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
(213)259-3523
272 COMPUIE WQyR83
TOTAL
CONTROL
COMMAND
CONTROL
JOYSTICK
• ARCADE QUALITY CONSTRUCTION
• TWO FIRE BUTTONS (TOP & BASE)
• ADAPTERS TO OTHER COMPUTERS AVAILABLE
• FULL ONE YEAR WARRANTY
FOR ATARI .
FOR APPLE
FOR TRS-80
29.95*
49.95* INCL. ADAPTOR
39.95* INCL. ADAPTOR
•ADD S3 PER ORDER FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING • CHtCK. MONEY
ORDER. MASTERCARD OR VISA. COD. ICO.D. CHARGES ADDED] • FLA.
RESIDENTS ADD 5% SALES TAX • FOREIGN ORDERS MUST BE PREPAID-
GATOR MARKETING ENTERPRIZES. INC.
P.O. BOX 296 • CASSELBERRY, FL 32707
(305)699-5848
^ DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED ~ PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE
COMSTAR AIR* SHIPPING WITHIN 2 DAYS |
AATARI
VIO20
48K RAM [FOR 40D1
sns
CARDBOARD |3 SLOT EXP.) % 33
64K RAM [FOR 400)
135
VIDEOPAK WITH lOK 140/80 COL) 250
ALIEN GROUP VOICE BOX |D.T!
139
VIDEOPAK WITH 64K (40/80 COL) 319
S.A.M. jDj SK
46
PRINTER IHTEflFACE [PAHALLEL) 55
VAL FORTH jOj 24K
36
KIOS AND THE VIC (BOOK) 17
BIT 3 80 COL. BOARD
2Bg
16K RAM 75
TECHNICAL NOTES
Z5
8K RAM 45
BOX OF DISKS |I0|
19
RES MON (ASSEMBLER) (C) 29
PROWfllTEfl PRINTER
419
RES WRITER (WORO PROCI (C| 29
B KEY 400 IKEVBOARBj
39
TURTLE GRAPHICS (C) 29
NEWPORT PRDSTICK
21
VIC FORTH Id 49
PHEPPIE ID.T] 16K
19
OUICK BROWN FOXIWGHD PROC.)|C) 54
EASTERN fHONT ID.Tl 16K
24
SHAMUS |C| 29
MINER 204gER |C|
35
PROTECTOR (C) 33
STAflBQWL FOOTBALL |D.T| 24K
25
CHOPLIFTER (C) 34
TEMPLE OF APSHAI |0.T) 32K
29
APPLE PANIC |C] 34
OIX Id
34
TRASHMAN |C| 33
FORT APOCALYPSE (D,T|3ZK
24
UNWDRQ PBQCESSOfl (Tj 5K 19
PILDT (C|
S9
STABFIGHTER JOYSTICK 14
BASIC A ■ WITH OS/A- (0) 3ZK
60
CARDETTE (CASS. INTERFACE) 33
ASTRO CHASE ID.Tj 32K
24
ASTROBLITZ (Cf 31
BASIC COMPILEfl jOj
75
SWORD OF FAFG0ALITI21K 23
BAJA BUGGIES [D.T| 16K
23
VICAT (T) BK 20
ATARI BOOKKEEPER |0) 48K
119
DEADLY DUCK (C) 28
ZAXXON lO.Tj
29
TDTL MAIL LIST |T) 13K 19
commodore64^
• HARDWARE •
CAU
FROM COMMODORE
COAAMODORE 64 COMPUTER
FROM QUALITY COMPUTER
TIN KEY PAD $69.95
0 thru 9 keys, ptus ''. /, ", +. -, .. antJ ENTER Keys Easy installation
AUDIO/ VIDEO CABLE $9.95
Hook your monitor &. stereo up to your e-a. jnstiuclions included on
hiow to I'un external sound intcj ihe sound chip for processing
Special program, delii/ery jUPS. UPS AIR), and extended one
year warranly tree with campuler purciiase
• SOFTWARE •
ADD $2.00 FOR DISK VERSIONS
SPRITI SHAPER™
REGULAR VERSION
$19.95
See (fie Sprtie take lorm as you design ii Use 5evera.t dif'eienT
shapes in a program Choose color, sue ^nd mote Forms tfie
Dara & Poke Statements for you
DELUXE VERSION
$24.95
Same as a&ove except it allows 3 colors per Sprrte.
SOUND SHAPED
REGULAR VERSION $9.95
Tiy diHereni sellings ot ADSRh *avelorms, and lillers for one
vo'ce by simply pressing tur^clion keys.
DELUXE VERSION $14.95
Same as. aDove except different sellings can be made lor eacfi
of itie ihreti voices. Interaction between Ihe vonces can be
selecied usmg sync and ring modulation
QUAUTY COMPUTER
801 S. VICTORIA SUITE 105
VENTURA, CA 93003
(805) 656-1330
MASTERCARD • VISA
Send 25c lor our VIC & 64 CalaloQ • Dealer rnquines Inuiied
HIGH GRADE
INTERFACE CABLES
Centronics-type Cable Assemblies
36-pm flat interface caWe tor Epson and
Cenlfonics prtnlers. 4-ft. CCAP4P (male to
male) or 4-ft. CCAP4S (male lo lemalel
Sug. Rot; S29.a0
6-n. CCAP6P (male !o male) or 6-f1- CCAP6S
(male to female) Sug. Ret: $32.95
RS232 Cable Assemblies
RS232 25 conductor interface cables lor all standard applicatiora,
RS232U-P5P 5-ft, (male to male) Sug. Ret: S32.95
RS232U-P10P lO-f1, (male to male) Sug. Rei: $37.95
H»R ATARI SOUNDS THiiOUGH YOUR STEREO SPEAKERS WITH
STEHEODAPTER - FOR ATARI 800
• MO ASSEMBLY REQUIRED • CAN USE STEREO HEADPHONES
SHIELDEO CABLE • ADJUST TONE & VOLUME WITH STEREO CONTROLS
STEREODAPTER WITH 1G FT CABLE $8 WITH 26 FT CABLE $10
DEALER INDUIAIES INVITED
C = CARTfllDGE
0 -- DISK
T - CASSETTE
' MOST ITEMS
COM<VigR ORDERS: BOO-558-8803
nnuTi-in nn r-r nn _ Or SBRii clieck ordioniy ordBF. VISA, MC add
P.O.BOX 1730GOLETA.CA93116 3"/^ ShlpplnB-I2 (or soltwara (call Ipr
(B05) S64-4660 hirdwart]. Calil add 5% tax. COD add S2.50.
Your computer dealer tias many other Scooter'" cable
configurattons available alorvg wliti connectors, semiconductors
switcnes. surge protected outlet strips, integrated circuits S sockets
and electronic components.
FREE SCOOTER™ T-SHIRT!
SEND proof of purchase (sales recetpl) for S20 in
Scooter merchandise . . .
OR SEND the name of your compuier dealer if he
does not carry the Scooter™ High Grade Electronic
Component line . . .
WITH THIS COUPON and your name, address and
T-shin size to: OHM/ELECTRONICS, 746 VERMONT
ST., PALATINE, IL 60067 CM0583
^\
Mav1<583 COMPUTf! 273
POWER LINE
PROBLEMS?
SPIKE-SPIKER® ...THESOUmON
Prelects, orgoniies, controls computers &
sensitive electronic equipment. Helps prevent
software "glitches", unexplained memory loss,
and equipment damage. Filter models otteooate
conducted RF interference. 1 20V, 1 5 Amps.
Other models avoilable. Ask for free literature.
DEIUXE POWER CONSOLE
$79.95
Tronsiwt absorber, dyal S-sioje
Filler B individMilv ^wJfcKtd
sockets, hft«J rrom switch, A l(te.
QUAD-II $59.95
Tronsieni absorber. Ouoi 3 itogt
tilt«r. 4 sockets, life.
QUAD-I $49.95
Tronsisfil obsorbvr, 4 socktrs.
MINl-ll $44.95
transient abwrhtr. 3 ttoge filtBf ,
2 uckets.
MINI-I $34.95
Tront>«fit abtorbcf, 2 lOckets.
6SB4SuchBd , Uipr.CP
Bethlebeni PA 18017
DMLW IN0UIRIE5 INVItID
215-8370700
Oul of Stat* Order Toll fre*
tO0-523-9tSS
>C0ChoitdS3.M + Ship.
Duplication
of Diskettes
and Cassettes
your
computer^ systems
Whether 10 or 10.000 copies,
let RPL's specially engineered
duplicating systems provide
verified copies at low cost and
with fast service.
For Apple, Atari, Commodore,
IBM P/C, Osborne, TRS 80
and many others. ^ — ..,^
RECORDED PUBLICATIONS
LABORATORIES
1100 State Street* Camden, NJ 08105
(609) 963-3000
274 COMPUTi! r/ov1983
successful journey to the castle,
so that you can kiss the princess
and be transformed from a frog
into a prince. Your journey must
be completed within 60 seconds.
You must cross a field of jousting
knights to reach the castle moat,
and then hop from alligator to
snake to the castle gates. The
alligators submerge to try to
catch you. Once you're at the
castle, you must hop into the
castle gate that has the lips.
Otherwise, you remain just
another frog.
A)it Eater is a two-piayer
survival game. You're an ant
who journeys to the surface of
the earth in search of food for
your colony below. On the
earth's surface you are exposed
to your dreaded enemy, the
anteater. Since you know the
terrain under the ground, you
can lead the anteater under
treacherous falling rocks that
will destroy him. You can create
new paths, but the anteater can
travel only in already existing
tunnels. You also have five
deadly eggs that can be released
to dispose of your enemy. If you
successfully deliver all the foocH
to the colony, you will be chal-
lenged bv two anteaters in the
next round, and bv three in sub-
sequent rounds. The speech also
increases with each round.
T[/po is an educational game
that blends a space maze theme
with both spelling and typing
drill. The purpose of the game is
to introduce the player to the
typewriter-style keyboard of a
personal computer. Tifpa can be
used to test your typing skill;
you set the desired words per
minute (1 - 120 wpm) that you
are chased through the maze.
The drill consists of random let-
ters, words, and phrases. You
can practice spelling by putting
your own word list into the
program.
The suggested retail price
for each game is $44.95.
Roiiiox, Inc.
501 VainicU Way
Campbell. CA 95008
(408)374-7200
Voice Synthesizer
For The Color
Computer
Classical Computing has intro-
duced Speak Up!, a program for
Radio Shack's Color Computer.
It is a voice synthesizer, 100%
software, and has a small text-to-
speech converter. It takes just
over 7K of memory, and allows
users to access it from BASIC or
Extended Color BASIC. With
Speak Up!, users can type in
words and sentences to be spo-
ken, or add speech statements
to BASIC programs to make them
talk,
The program is available on
cassette, with both the 16K and
the 32K versions on either side.
The documentation includes
instructions, a sample calling
program in BASIC, and the text
to speech rules.
Speak Up! is the first product
The Rrat and Only Syirtam to Backup
DIskattra Protected by Bad Sectoring
wHhout modifk^tkin to your drive.
ATARI DISK BACKUP SYSTEM $49.^'
Superckine i$ the onty ATARI dtskene copter system thai
lets you backup just about ANY copv protected' diskette . . .
inckjding those protected by 'bad sectoring ' Bad tracks anid
sectors are cheated without modifications to or adiustments
of your hardware. Each backup dtskena goneraietf by Super
clone tunctions exactiy like the origmai .. .self-booting, etc.
{in fact, we suggaat that ydM usa the backup an.d &ave ihe
original. I
Suparclone irtcluPes:
SCAN ANALYSIS - Map of tJiskene contants I Location of
data, bad sectors, etc.)
FORMATTING/SAD SECTOR^NG - Non-ATARI DOS
formatiinQ and bad track/sector creation.
BACKUP ' Copies just about ev«rvThing we can find. . .
regflrdSess af protection scheimifl
Suparclone is user- friendly and simple to use
PIRATES TAKE NOTE: SUPEftCLONE only allows two
copies to be ms^e of any specific diskette^ ■ Sorry! If
SYSTEM REQUIREMEm^
Atari 400 or 800 Computer / 48K Mefnory
One Atari 810 Dbk Drive / Pnntei Optional
AvfiilablB at your computer store or direct fronn
FRONTRUNNER. Include 52.00 ($5.00 Foreign Ordersl for
each system. DEALER INQUIRES ENCOURAGED.
TOLL FREE ORDER LINE:
i24 Hrs.) 1-BQfr4<S-47at>
In Nevada or for questions
Call: (7021 786-4600
Peraonat checks allow 2-5
weeks to clear. M/C and
VISA accepted. Inciude
shipping.
316 CalitDmia Avenue, Suite #712
Reno, Nevada 89509 - (7021 786-4600
Others make cfeims. . .SUPER CLONE makes copiesUt
ATARI is 3 Trademark of ATARI, Inc.
.*!
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Upon completion of this self learning, self testing,
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®
tele soft, inc.
P.O. BOX 3456. TROY, MICH 48084
Call toll free to place your order
1-800-255-2000
or in Michigan
1-800-742-4242.
This Publication
is available in Microform,
University Microfilms International
Picasc sttid additional informaiion
tbr
1 rl.l^1^L■ iil ]"uhl .. .iii.in ■
Sln-i-l
ritv
Siatr
Zip
300 Nonli Zei-b RohJ, I>p!, PR., Ann Arbiir. Mi, 4R1I)6
SPECIALS OF THE MONTH
OKI DATA 82A
$419.
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64
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ATARI 800
$NEW
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COMPUTERS
ATARI 400 S197.
ATARI 800 S59B.
ATARI 410 S74.
ATARI 810 S439.
COMMODORE 64 CALL
COMMODORE VIC 20. S149.
COMMODORE UIC 1530 S69.
NEC PC 80D1A S739.
NEC PC 8012A S499.
NEC PC 8031A S739.
SANYO MCBIOOfl S1599.
TIMEX 1DB0 S84,
XEROX 5Vj" CALL
XEROX 8" CALL
XEROX 630 ...CALL
DISKETTES
BASF CALL
MAXELL CALL
TERMINALS
TELEUIDEO 910 S5fl9.
TELEVIDEO 950 S945,
PRINTERS
DIABLO BZO S1199.
DIABLO 630 S1675.
OKIDATA 82A S419.
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EPSON CALL
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SOFTWARE
MICROSOFT CALL
MICROPRO CALL
ALL MAJOR BRANDS CALL
QOMPUWAY, \m.
24 LUMBER ROAD
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toll free
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Moy1983 COMPUTE! 275
4^
Attache-style cases for carrying and pro-
tecting your complete computer set-up.
Accommodates equipment in a fully oper-
ational configuration. Never a need to
remove equipment from case. Simply
remove lid, connect power, and operate.
AP101 Apple II with Single Drive $109
AP102 Apple II wflth Two Disk
Drives 1 1 9
AP103 Apple II, 9 Inch Monitor &
Two Drives 129
AP104 Apple III, Two Drives &
Siientype Printer 139
AP105 13" Monitor with
Accessories 99
API 06 AMDEK Color Monitor 119
RS201 TRS-80 Model I, Expansion
Unit & Drives 109
RS204 TRS-80 Model 111 129
AT301 ATARI Computers with
Peripherals 109
P402 Centronics 730/737 &
Radio Shaclt Printer 89
P403 Epson MX70/80 or
Microline 82A 89
P404 Epson MX100 Printer 99
P40S IDS 560 or Prism
132 Printer 109
P406 Starwriter/Printmaster
F-10 Printer 119
P407 Olddata Microline
83A or 84 Printer 99
P408 Prowrlfer 2 Printer 99
P409 Prowriter (Apple Dot Matrix)
Printer 89
IB501 IBM Personal Computer 129
IB502 IBM Monitor 99
HP601 HP41 with Accessories 99
CM703 Commodore Model 64
with Drives 119
CM704 Commodore Model 64
with Dataset 109
NS010 North Star Advantage 139
CC80 Matching Attache Case (5") 8S
CC90 Matching Attache Case (3") 75
CC91 Matching Accessory Case 95
CCg2 5.25" Diskette Case 49
compuTCf case company
5650 Indian Mound Court
Columbus, Ohio 4321 3
(614) 868-9464
CALL TOLL FREE
800-848-7548
offered bv Classical Computing.
■{■hepi-iceis$29.95.
Classical Cotiiputiii'^, Inc.
P.O. Box 12247
Lcxiii^to)!, KY 40582
Joystick For Atari,
Commodore 64,
And VIC-20
Kraft Systems has introduced a
joystick for the Atari 400/800,
Commodore 64, and VIC-20.
The joystick has a spring return
that provides fiiigertip control.
Cursor positioning is determined
by internal switches, made to
withstand heayy use.
The joystick is an easily held,
plug-in unit. An eight-foot cord
is included. Kraft offers a one-
year limited warranty.
Krnft Sy^tciiis Compam/
450 W. Ciilijoniia Ave.
Vista. CA 92083
(619)724-7146
than 20 presentations by
teachers, researchers, and soft-
ware producers from the Boston
area. For registratit>n forms or
additional information, contact
Susan Friel or Nancy Roberts,
Lesley College, 29 Everett Street,
Cambridge, MA 02238; (617)868-
9600.
May 19-22, Baltimore Conven-
tion Center, Baltimore. Marv-
lanci Computer Show & Office
Equipment Exposition. Show
manager: Dee Harris, Computer
Expositions, Inc., P.O. Box 3315,
Annapolis, N4D 21403; (301)263-
8044; toll free (800)368-2066 (out-
side Maryland). For further in-
formation, contact Linda Roth,
1413 K StreeL NW, Suite 1200,
Washington, DC 20005; (202)
289-4687.
May 21, University of Ok-
lahoma, Norman, OK. The sixth
annual Spring microcomputer
Show & Tell Conference. Several
discussic^ins and an on-the-spot
Kraft Si/stems'
jo}/stick for home eoiiiputei
CALENDAR
May 14, Lesley College, Cam-
bridge, MA. The Fifth Annual
Computer Conference for
Educators, sponsored by Lesley
College and the Computer Edu-
cation Research Coalition
(CERC). The conference will be
opened bv Samuel Gibbon, from
Bank Street College, discussing
"Micros, Whales, Kids, Boats
and TV." The luncheon address,
"Computers in Education, The
Leaderless Revolution," will be
delivered by Dorothy Deringer,
from the National Science Foun-
dation. Other activities include
two hands-on workshops in
FORTH and Pascal, and more
A
Look!!
COMPUTERS
ATADI '"'"' soc w*^ 55°''
HIAKI Alari 810 Disk Dme S429.
VIC 20 S149.
NEC PC-8001A 32K S729.
Norrhsrar Advania(>e 64K $2669.
Teievideo TSB02 64K S2589.
MONITORS
Amdek 100 12" B&W S79.
Amdek 300A 12" Amber 5159.
Amdek Colof 1 $299.
Sanyo 6013 13" Composilc $349.
NEC IC1202 DHA 12" RGB $699,
PRINTERS
OkJdala Microline 80 $324.
Okidata Microline 84P $969-
SPECIALS!
Addi Viewpoint 3-AC $519.
No Name 5'-*" floppy, Soft Sectored. SS. SD . . . .
Box of 25 ... $1.99 Per Diik
Box of 100 - . . $1.79 Per Disk
Casio FX-900 Solar Scientific $26.95
NMIONAL
ORDER DESK:
(2T5) 485-4100
ZEPHYR MICROS
323 S. 43rd St. - Suite C
Philadelphia, PA 19104
To Order, Please sertj cjshiers or personil check
(allow (WO weeki m clear): VISA jnd MASTfRCARD
orders add J'Jf.: Shipping and Handling add 3'X.; Penn-
sylvania re^idenr^ add 6%; Pricei subject to change
wiihout noTice.
276 COMPUTE! Mav1933
tele ««»ri^iiie«
P.O. BOX 3456, TROY, MICH 48099
Complete line of Computers . . . Software
Video Games and Accessories
CALL TODAY!
SOFTWARE FOR
HOME
COMPUTERS
«CI— 1SK CALL
800— 4ax iM5-00
ACCESSORIES
Cassette Recorder S 69 95
410
810
850
MOSAIC
DfSk Dnw - - - 499 99
tnteflace Modide 169 95
BO Colimn Prinlor 699 95
32K Ham 1 13 00
Texas
Instruments
EiiHnson Bat 1200 00
RS232 '36-00
DUk Control Canl »5,«)
DtofcDnvB 300.00
PtklW 525,00
aZKBowd 300,00
Qcommodore
Commodofo 'W JS2S.00
Commodore Vc 20 165.00
Oiak Dnvo 340.00
Oatasaette e9.00
8K Mfrncpry Expanbw ,... , 49,95
RS232 InHrtacs 4500
Vc 20 Cartridge Games 27.95
C-IEEE InlwlKS 185.00
Cables 33.00
BUSINESS MACHINES
CeM8032 11100.00
CBM aOSO Dual Cksk 1299 00
Cemipe* S34,75
Pac Man 34 75
Super Breakoul 2B,S0
Missile Command £B 50
Star Haioers 34 75
^Hilil
Andromeda - 27.00
Doctor Goodeodes Cavern 24.00
PalhtinOer ................. 27 00
Match PacBfs 24.00
VISiCALC
(For Apple. Alan, Commodore, and IBM)
200.00
I ImtA Home Compuler 89 95
A tl \UA 820 SysIsm I 2600 00
lcl£VIU60 64K Compuler 1 500 00
HAYES MODEM 1200
575 00
ACCESSORIES
Slick Stand s 6 99
JFor 1200
Alan Joy Slick 6.20
Wico Jay Slick 22 50
Wico Red Ball Joy Sick 24.B0
Wico Track Ball AlariCommandor 52. DO
Wico 1 2' Exl^naon Cord 6.50
Many More Aa»ssones , CALL
WE DEAL! WE DELIVER!
CALL US NOW!
CBS Software
(Foi Alan40O-60O)
Krazy Snoolotjl S25.50'
Ktarf Kifflflis 25.50"
K-S10I P»liOl 25.50"
Kraiy Andks 36.00
BouktefS S Bomte 36.00
(For Vie 20)
K-Slar Patrol 36.00
Kraiy Anaks 36.00
^
Crush. CfumWe CrKmp
RfocTial
Slaf Warrior
fiescue a1 Rtgei
t23C0
1550
27.00-
23 00'
23 00
23 00
23 00
15 50
Shooting Arcade
Pacific Coasi Highway
Ckjwns and Balloons
Alan Character Generator
Preppie 23.00
Rear Guard 1 5.S0
Treasure Quest 23.00
SDTicTacToe 12.00
Adveniure Senes 15.50
War 19.50
Diskey 37.00
Synapse
Nautilus
S^lme .
Dodge Racer
Prolector
Ctiickeri
SYDNEY DATA
23 00
23.00
21.00-
. 23,00
,23 00
Evolution
Qs
llWf
30,50
47 50
.27.00
Uliima I
Ullima II ,
Frogger
Jaw Breaker 23.00
Crossfire - 23.00
Broderbund
Choplitlei
Apple Pamc
Slar Staler
Dav>ds Micnigrilmagic
Sletlar Shuttle
Speelals
GorflOisk)
Educator Ka
AlanSZOO -
Protector ,
Attack
Blackjack Casino
Eastern Front . . .
J25.00'
20.00'
24 50
27 00
29 96
. 28.00-
. 115.00'
. )S9.(X)
. 8O.00'
. 18.00-
. 18.00-
. ».oo-
'Whilo supplies last.
VISA&
MASTERCARD
ACCEPTED
ORDERING INFORMATION
Cfteck, Money Order, UaslerCard, V^sa btkI C.O.D. Orders
accepted. Add S2.00 for C.O.D. All ottier orders shipped
U PS. Michigan re^idenis add 4% $alo$ tax. No returns withoi;t
aLft^DrizatK>n
Hour* 9 ■jn. to 7 p,m. d*ily. Saturday 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.
CALL FREE 1-800-255-2000
ISSlSir 1-313-524-1030
/ DISK-DEX ' ^_
" Flip to the right diskette. Oak veneer
with smoked acrylic cover. 1
DD-5(for605>/i"diskettes) ...S29.95 i
OD-8 (for 80 8" diskettes) . . . S46.95 j
y^ SYSTEM ORGANIZER /
Provi des easy access to com puter and
components. Oak veneer.
ATO-1 (for Atari 800/400)
W/Turntbl:S99.95 W0/Turn1bl:S79.95 -
CO-1 (for Commodore VIC-20 & 64)
W/Turntbl.S99.95 W0/Turntbl:S79.95
APO-1 (for Apple n )•
W/Turntbl: S89.95 WO/Turntbl: S69.95
. 'differs from display ,
^ PRINTER STAND
Built in paper feeder makes this stand
efficient; oak veneer and smoked
' acrvlic ltd make it attractive. Buy all"
three pieces toco m plete this classic set.s
PS-17 17" Stand S44.95
PS-24 24" stand S54.95
VISA/WIasterCard
Unconditional 30 day guarantee
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/ CALL NOW! \
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Complete line of computer hardware and software available. Call for our catalog,
/ m^m: CamPJTER PQUUEfl mvL. \
/ 17;79 East Florida •, Hemet, CA 92343 \
Mav1983 COMPUTE! 277
\Heartlan
^^ Software
1-800-621-4749
MAY SPECIAL
CRISIS MOUNTAIN $24.95
AATARI
Protector II
Stratos
Sea Dragon
Preppie
Frogger
Choplifter
Bandits
Rosen's Brigade
O'Riley's Mine
Ulysses & Golden Fleece
Ft. Apocalypse
Shamus
Slime
$25.00)
$25.00)
^appkz'
Nautilus
Tubeway
David's Mid. Magic
Serpentine
Story Machine
Face Maker
TIII-60' 1/111
Robot Attack
Andromeda Conquest
Bounceoids
Frogger
Keys of Acheron
THRU MAY ONLY
If you don't see it here — Call!
Indicate type of computer, disk or cassette.
For fast delivery, send Certified Check or
Money Order. Persona! checks require two
weeks to process. C.O.D. orders add $l..';0.
Master Charge or Visa orders add 3'?!..
(Include all embossed information on card)
Add S2.00 shipping and handling.
For "ign orders — Gait.
Price!* subject to chanKt.
Make Chei^ks and Money Orders payable to:
HEARTLAND SOFTWARE DISTRI.
P.O. Box 25517
Cleveland, Ohio 44125
Ohio Residents add 6.5% Tax
(216) 641-S055
Order Lines Open 10 a.m.-9:00 p.m. Mon.-Fri.
Noon-6:00p,m.Sat.
Send $1.00 for complete catalog
Apple is a Rejtistered Tr^id&mark uf Apple Compiiler. Inc.
Atari is a Registered Trademarli of Atari Inc.
TRS-80 is a ReBiBU'red Trademark of the Kadio Shack
Division of Tandy Corporation.
programming contest with
prizes are planned. Computer
buffs not attending the confer-
ence may participate by submit-
ting original programs for publi-
cation consideration in the Con-
ference PwccL'di)ii^s and for a prize
competition. Such programs
should be submitted on the offi-
cial forms. For further informa-
tion, sentd an SASE to Show &
Tell, Dr. Richard V. Andree, 601
Elm, Room 423, Norman, OK
73019; (405) 325-3410.
May 24-26, Palo Alto, California.
A three-day course, "Micropro-
cessor Background for Manage-
ment Personnel." Instructor:
James Arlin Cooper, Sandia Lab-
oratories. Fee: $565, including
text and program materials. In-
formation/sponsor: Continuing
Education in Engineering, Dept.
532N, University of California
Extension, 2223 Fulton St.,
Berkeley, CA 94720; (415) 642-
4151.
June 9-11, Watertown, CT.
Hands-on workshop. Microcom-
puters in Education, sponsored
by Technical Education Research
Centers (TERC). The workshops
are designed for teachers and
administrators at all levels. Top-
ics include microcomputers in
math and science instruction,
Logo, Pascal, BASIC, machine
language, and microcomputers
and the education of special
needs students. For information,
contact Ms. Sharon Woodruff,
Director of Training Services,
TERC, 8 Eliot St., Cambridge,
MA 02138; (617) 547-3890.
June 14-16, Washington; July
12-14, Los Angeles. Technology
Opportunity Conference (TOC),
covering the convergence of
optical storage, vidcodisk, and
computer technology. Spon-
sored by the publisher and
editors of Optical Mouon/ h'cws-
letter bicliidin^ hileractivc Vid-
eodisks. For further information,
contact Ed Rothchild, TOC, P.O.
Box 14817, San Francisco, CA
94114; (415) 626-1133.
June 18, University of Wisconsin-
Madison. Microcomputers in
Education Conference, spon-
sored by the Wisconsin Center
for Education Research, a non-
instructional department at the
School of Education, University
of Wisconsin-Madison. The con-
ference will explore issues and
applications of microcomputers
in elementary and secondary
schools. Contact Suzanne L.
Zemke, WCER, Room 785A,
1025 West Johnson Street, Madi-
son, Wisconsin 53706;
(608) 263-4200.
July 20-22, and July 25-27,
Eugene Hilton and Convention
Center, Eugene, Oregon. Two
summer conferences, sponsored
by the University of Oregon's
College of Education. July 20-22:
Computers - Extension of the
Human Mind 11, an expansion of
last summer's conference "com-
puters in education" theme,
with a look at specific classroom
applications and current research
in the field. July 25-27: Education
for the Gifted - Patterns for the
Future, emphasizing future di-
rections, issues, and potential of
education for the gifted. Fees:
S95 each, or both for S175. For
further information, contact:
Summer Conference - 1983, Col-
lege of Education, University of
Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;
(503) 686-3405.
COMPUTE! wclcoinc^ notices of iip-
coniiii^ fi'cnti and n'qin;sts that the
sponsors send n short description, their
name and phone number, and an address
to which interested readers may write for
further information. Please semi luilices
nt least three motitlis before Hie date of die
event, to: Calendar, P.O. Box 5406.
Greensboro, NC 27403.
New Product releases are selected from suh-
misskvis for reasons of timeliness, available
space, and ;^eneral interest to iiur readers. We
regret thai we are unable to select all ncic
product sulnimsions for publication. Readers
ibould be aware that we present here some
edited oersion of material i^uhntilled in/ ven-
dors and are uiiai'le to iviieli for its accuracy
at time of publication. @
APPLE nw
LIST
PRICE
OUR
PRICE
ARTSCI
Magjc Window II (d)
.. 149.95
103 50
BEAGLE BROTHERS
Pronto DOS (d)
Apple Mechanic (d)
Typefaces (d)
....29.95
....29.50
. . . . 20.00
19.50
19.50
13.25
CONTIMEiMTAL
Home Accountani (d) ...
Tax Advantage (d|
1st Class Malt (d)
....74.95
....59.95
. . . . 74.95
49.50
39.50
49.50
DATASOFT
ZaxKon (d|
. ...39.9S
26.50
ATARI®
KENSINGTON MICROWARE
System Saver 89.95
PENGUIN
Complete Graphics System II (d)
(paddle version) 69.95
Special Effects (d) 39.95
Graphics Magician (d) 59.95
SENSIBLE SOFTWARE
Super Disk Copy III (d) 30.00
Sensible Speller (d) 1 25.00
Multi Disk Catalog III |d) 26.00
SIR-TECH
Wizardry (d( 49.95
Knight of Diamonds (d) 34.95
Legacy of Llyglamyn (d| 39.35
AND MUCH MORE
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
SPECrALS?
NO, THESE ARE OUR
EVERYDAY LOW PRICES
D = Disk C ^ Cass R = Cart
Prices Subjecr to Change
Senit for Free Catalog
PHONE ORDERS:
1-800-637-3095
IL. AK. & Hi Call:
1-217-367-5774
HRS.: 9-6 MON.-SAT.
MAIL ORDERS TO:
SECTOR ONE
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URBANA. IL 61801
Add S2.00 tar postage and iiandling vwjthm the
conlmental United Stales AtJd S4 00 tor Canada or
Mexico. S6,00 for Alaska of Hawaii, and SIOOO for
other international orders • Mastercard and Visa
orders add 4% service charge (include card ff and exp
date} # Personal checks and M.O. also accepted •
lltinois residents add 5% sales tax • Please specify
computer type • MOST ORDERS SHIPPED WITHIN
24 HRS • All orilars must tie in U.S. funds.
ADVENTURE INT'L
War (d|
...24.95
16.50
Diskey (d)
...49.95
33.00
Bug Off (d/c|
...29.95
19.75
Stratos (d/c|
...34.95
23.00
ATARI
Qix(R)
...44.95
32.00
Dig Dug (R)
...44.95
32.00
ET Phone Home (R)
...49.95
35.75
AVALON HILL
Empire of the Overmind
(d/c)
,.,35 00
23.25
Voyager (d/c)
,.,25,00
16.50
GFS Sorceress (d/c>
,.,35,00
23.25
BIG FIVE
Miner 2049er(R)
,.,49.95
33.00
CONTINENTAL
Home Accountant (d|
. . . 74.95
49.50
Tax Advantage (d)
...B9.95
39.50
DATASOFT
Micro Painter (d|
. . . 34.95
23.00
Graphic Master (d|
. . . 39.95
26.50
Graphic Generator (d)
. . . 24,95
16.50
Zaxxon (d/c(
,..39.95
26,50
SYNAPSE
Flame Lords (d/c)
. . . 34.95
23.00
Drelbs(d/c)
.,,34.95
23.00
Necromancer (d/C)
. . . 34.95
23.00
Shadow World (d/c)
...34.95
23.00
Apple IS a registered [rademarSi of Apple
Computer Inc
Alan IS a registered trademark ol Alan. Inc.
AND MUCH MORE
IHVITESYOUTO
SAVE UP TO 40%
nilMDADE" ^^^ PRICES
uumrAifC-ouR service
RALSTON-CLEARWATERS ELECTRONICS
536 N.E. "E" Street • Grants Pass. Or. 97526
ALL BRAND NAMES ARE REGISTERED TRADE MARKS
FOR PRODUCT INFORMATION CALL (503)4794711
800-547-2492
IN OREGON CALL (503) 479-4711
SPECIAL! 64KCOMPUTER WITH PRINTER -S1929 CALL FOR DETAILS!!
NEW PRODUCTS: 1. Commander 2400... Top quality detachable standard keyboard & keypad tor your Atari 400 or 800 ■ From
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3. Visicalc- Keypad for your Apple" Available soon!!!
COMMODORE 64- S459 DRIVE -S359
LOOK AT THIS!!! NOW, NEW AND EVEN LOWER PRICES
PLUS .... TAKE 3% OFF THESE PfilCES FOR PREPAYMENT!
ATARI A i
EPSON with
GRAFTRAX +
IDS
TERMS
SHIPPING; Add 6*ol t&Hi r'»nHii„..fi lur U
lie iny lOeCUl jrrJngtmfntv. Mir>im'ijrr ihipfti
PAYMENT: Ciihier ichrclivceriilicdfhrtk^
Viu £ Miirer Chjfge«fcrp»J AIIumJOiKv^
REFUNDS 10* rt^loiL.n, Owft .>r. jll retui
CUAkANTCE: Ailptoducit *t<:U Full Tunuli
Wi tM*t lull rtpi\t ind icrvictf (julinri iw jH
Apfilc |i,|jncj tn'l crrlfifJ Icdinuurkt. fat jr
rijihi on iheir bcnch^i.!! ISOil 4T9-ltS0.
REPAIRS Cill loi dutiU an liUiUty f^ttinit
ATAFtI HARDlVARE
4Cn I8K Ccnpi^iF' ilJS
BOO iSK CompuiBi M3A
C?( S^3 I6K R«niC(iiri4g« $ 1^
ata D.»k O'-vf t*i^
SSa IniirtJctMoitulf SlfiS
a^O^DColPfiriitr S249
373 3C Col ThwFTHi Prir»r S335
S2SSDCql Primer SiS>63
CX 30GaTnB Pid<}l« S 19
CX 40 Joynick £ ID
CX 4D'4 Jdvitic^i P*<r I ID
Po.niinttt*' Sli£li S 3 4
Epwr Pr.nl«i CfN* t 2&
VkIIiH]& AudtoCMila i 77
L*Slick RAF Siyi« Joyiiitii S 3fi
Micid T»k 33k R*m C*rd S 9?
Ful» V-M BO Column Cjrd Q99
PERCOM
Ar.i, S.PhflJi DiMiiir S*49
AlBii Dmblr ^fniilv MM
PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
Ciir'»nHi|„..fi lur UF3 bro*n ||rc>uT>dJ .r 9ft fu. UPS hiu* [nrj, FirectPwi,
400 iiGKisoperJ $229
BOO (48K) S&?Sr S498
MX 80 .S&*6- S439
MX ■ SOFT .SM5' S539
MX 100 .SSSS" S689
Pnsm 80 w/coloi ,£i^^ S1329
Pnsm 132 w. color ,SJ^995' $1549
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Conirollet w/AppleS.S DOS S89
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iponcv QfUcfi. iinLt hdiiX * iif I honaitd irnmcdiilely.
tur pervifti^ chft 11% m i Inr.
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l|ii)TERFACE CARDS
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35 95
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34 95
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59 95
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345 00
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44 95
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Snooper Troops !
44 95
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34 95
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face Maker
34 95
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280 COMPUIB MOVW83
CAPUTE!
Moditicotions Or Corrections To Previous Articles
Atari Boggier
In the Atari version of this game (Program 2, p.
84) from the March 1983 issue, in line 870 the "OK"
is missing from the third POKE statement.
Direct Atari Disk Access
Two changes are required to Program 3 from this
article, which appeared on page 154 of the tvlarch
1983 issue. The " {CLEAR" within braclcets in
lines 30 and 40 should be removed. The 111 M}
means type CTRL-M eleven times. The {4 DEL-
LINE} means type ESCape-SHIFT-DELETE four
times.
Atari l\Aenu Printer
If a file name takes the maximum eight characters
plus a three character extension, this program
from the March 1983 issue (p. 165) will produce
an ERROR 5 at line 780. To correct this, DIMension
S$ to 14 instead of 13 in line 130.
>Uari Lister
In addition to the changes to this program (January
1983 issue, p. 191) given in last month's CAPUTE!,
it is also necessary to change the ;FOR X = 0 TO T:
in line 32710 to :FOR X = 1 TO T:
To avoid an ERROR 9 message, change line
32700 to
32700 T = 0:TRAP 32705:DIM AS(5)
and add TRAP 40000: to the beginning of line
32705.
Apple Disk Space Messages
In certain circumstances, it is possible that this
program from the January 1983 issue (p. 56) can
cause DOS to wipe out the catalog for a disk.
Donald Box suggests adding the following two
lines to eliminate this danger:
35 L = PEEK(72): H = PEEK(73)
120 POKE 72,L: POKE 73,H: NEW
VIC Micromon
The following corrections to the Micromon code
published in the November 1982 issue (p. 172)
will solve the problems with disk access. (The
changes are given in hexadecimal.)
LOCATION OLD DATA CORRECT DATA
4002
12
15
4013
19
F9
4014
43
FD
4319
20
00
431A
F9
00
431 B
FD
oo
COMMODORE
CBM 64 $425,00
VIC-20 $149.95
1525 Printer S3T9.95
1541 Disk Drive S325.95
VIC Modem S90.00
1520 Color Printer/Plotter . .3179.95
Color Monitor S269.95
CARDCO
Card Board S27.95
Cardette S27.95
Cardwritter $27.95
Card ? S59.95
DA TA 20
16K RAM Expansion S74.95
Video Pak w/16 K RAM .... 5215.95
Printer Interface S55.95
SPECIALS
MIDWEST MICRO
Terminal 40 $26.95
Un-word Processor 2 SI 6.95
Printer Interface $49.95
SCIENTIFIC MICRO TRONICS
6 slot expansion motherboard
Buffered w/power suppiv . . . .$89.95
Color monitor cable 319.95
INDEPENDENT FOR ATARI
BIT-3
Full view 80 $299.95
32K RAM expansion $149.95
MICRO CONNECTION
Direct connect modem w/tp-850 not
needed $199.95
Auto dial auto answer opt. . . .565.00
AMDEC COLOR I MONITOR
"THE DATA BASE*
FOR VIC-20, 64 - BY )OHN
CAI.HOUN. REQUIRES DISK
DRIVE AND 16K.
S69.95
MICROTEK
16K RAM expansion 579.95
32K RAM expansion $108.00
Centronics printer cable S29.00
Serial cable $29.00
MOSAIC
32K RAM expansion $130.00
Expander $98.00
Adapter $70.00
MPC
16K RAM expansion S84.95
32K RAM expansion S141.95
SYMTEC
Light pen S1 15.95
ZScmJiLi
2448 ManaulNE. Albuquerque NM B71Q7. 15051883-0934
HOT LIME: 1-800-821-92a7
Maviwa coMPirn! sai
COMPUTE! Back Issues
Here are some of the applications, tutorials,
and games from available back issues of
COMPI/IE!. Each issue contains much,
much more than there's space here to list,
but here are some highlights:
February 1981: Simulating PRINTUSING,
Using the Atari as a Terminal for Telecom-
munications, Attach a Printer to the Atari,
Ctauble Density Graphing on CIP, Commo-
dore Disk Systems, PET Crash Prevention,
A 25<J Apple II Clock.
May 1981: Named GOSUB/GOTO in
Applesoft, Generating Lower Case Text on
Apple II, Copy Atari Screens to the Printer,
Disk Directory Printer for Atari, Realtime
Clock on Atari, PET BASIC Delete Utility,
PET Calculated Bar Graphs, Running 40
Column Programs on a CBM 8032,
June 1981: Computer Using Educators
(CUE) on Software Pricing, Apple II Hires
Character Generator, Ever- expanding
Apple Power, Color Burst for Atari, Mixing
Atari Graphics Mtxles 0 and 8, Relocating
PET BASIC Programs, An Assembler In
BASIC for PET, QuadraPET: Multitasking?
July 1981: Home Heating and Cooling,
Animating Integer BASIC Lores Graphics,
The Apple Hires Shape Writer, Adding a
Voice Track to Atari Programs, Machine
Language Atari Joystick Driver, Four Screen
Utilities for the PET, Saving Machine
Language Programs on PET Tape Headers,
Commodore ROM Systems, The Voracious
Butterfly on OSl.
August 1981: Minimize Code and Maximize
Speed, Apple Disk Motor Control, A
Cassette Tape Monitor for the Apple, Easy
Reading of the Atari Joystick, Blockade
Game for the Atari, Atari Sound Utility,
The CBM "Fat 40," Keyword for PET, CBM/
PET Loading, Chaining, and Overlaying.
October 1 98 1 : Automatic DATA State-
ments for CBM and Atari. VIC News,
Undeletable Lines on Apple, PET, VIC,
Budgeting on the Apple, Switching Cleanly
from Text to Graphics on Apple, Atari
Cassette Boot-tapes, Atari Variable Name
Utility, Atari Program Library, Train your
PET to Run VIC Programs. Interface a BSR
Remote Control System to PET, A General
Purpose BCD to Binary Routine, Converting
to Fat-40 PET.
December 1981: Saving Fuel $$ (Multiple
Computers: versions for Apple, PET, and
Atari), Unscramble Game (multiple
computers). Maze Generator (multiple
computers). Animating Applesoft Graphics,
A Simple Printer Interface for the Apple II,
A Simple Atari Wordprocessor, Adding
High Speed Vertical Positioning to Atari P/
M Graphics, OSl Supercursor, A Look At
SuperPET, Supermon for PET/CBM, PET
Mine Maze Game.
January 1982; Invest (multiple computers),
Developing a Business Algorithm (multiple
computers), Apple Addresses, Lowercase
with Unmodified Apple, Cryptogram Game
for Atari, Superfont: Design Special
Character Sets on Atari, PET Repairs for
the Amateur, Micromon for PET, Self-
modifying Programs in PET BASIC, Tiny-
mon: a VIC Monitor, Vic Color Tips, VIC
Memory Map, ZAP: A VIC Game.
February 1982: Insurance Inventory
(multiple computers), Musical Transposition
(multiple computers). Multitasking
Emulator (multiple computers). Disassemble
Apple Programs from BASIC, Plotting
Polar Graphs on Apple, Atari P/M Graphics
Made Easy, Atari PILOT, Put A Rainbow
in your Atari, Marquee for PET, PET Disk
Disassembler, VIC Paddles and Keyboard,
VIC Timekeeping.
March 1982: Word Hunt Game (multiple
computers). Infinite Precision Multiply
(multiple computers). Atari Concentration
Game, VIC Starfight Game, CBM BASIC
4.0 To Upgrade Conversion Kit, Apple
Addresses, VIC Maps, EPROM Reliability,
Atari Ghost Programming, Atari Machine
Language Sort, Random Music Composition
on PET, Comment Your Apple II Catalog.
April 1982: Track Down Those Memory
Bugs (multiple computers), Shooting Stars
Game (multiple computers), Intelligent
Input Subroutines (multiple computers),
Ultracubc for Atari, Customizing Apple's
Copy Program, Using PET/CBM In The
High SchiK)l Physics Lab, Grading Exams
on a Microcomputer (multiple computers).
Atari Mailing List, Renumber VIC Programs
The Easy Way, Browsing the VIC Chip,
Disk Checkout for PET/CBM.
May 1982: VIC Meteor Ma:e Game, Atari
Disk Drive Speed Check, Modifying Apple's
Floating Point BASIC. Fast Sort For PET/
CBM, Extra Atari Colors Through Artifact-
ing, Life Insurance Estimator (multiple
computers), PET Screen Input, Getting The
Most Out Of VlC's 5000 Bytes.
June 1982: Outpost Game (multiple com-
puters), Apple Pascal Lister, Income Property
(multiple computers), VIC Intelligent Video-
disc System, Atari Disk Operating Systems,
PET/Apple Search. A Self-mcxlifying Atari
P/M Utility, Use Atari Joysticks with VIC,
VIC/PET Program Transfers.
July 1982: Gold Miner Game (Atari and
VIC), IRA Planner (multiple computers),
Atari Video Graphics, Apple IXIS Changer.
Super QuadraPET, VIC Overview, Maze
Race (multiple computers). Direct Access
File Editor (PET and Atari), VIC Super
Expander Memory Map, LJsingTho 6560
Video Interface Chip, PET Compactor,
Headless FORTH Metacompilation, Test
RAM Nondesrructively (multiple computers).
August 1982: The New Wave Of Personal
Computers, Household Budget Manager
(multiple computers). Word Games (imiltiple
computers), Color Computer Home Energy
Monitor, Intelligent Apple Filing Cabinet,
Guess That Animal (multiple computers),
PET/C:BM Inner BASIC, VIC Communica-
tions, Kcyprint Compendium, Animation
With Atari, VIC Curiosities, Atari Substring
Search, PET and VIC Electric Eraser.
September 1982: Apple and Atari and the
SiHinds of TRON, Commodore Automatic
Disk BtHit, VIC Jtiysticks, Three Atari GTIA
Articles, Color Computer Graphics, The
Apple Pilot Language, Sprites and Sound on
the Commodore 64, Peripheral Vision Exer-
ciser (multiple computers), Banish INPLIT
Statements (multiple computers), C^^harades
(iiuiltiple computers), PET Pointer Sort,
Vie; Pau.se, Mapping Machine Language,
Editing Atari BASIC With the Assembler
Cartridge, Process Any Apple Disk File.
Home and Educational COMPUTING!
(Fall I98I and Summer 1981 -count as one
back issue); Exploring The Rainbow
Machine, VIC As Super Calculator, Custom
Characters, Alternate Screens, Automatic
Line Numbers, Using The Joystick (Spacewar
Game), Fast Tape Locater, Window, VIC
Memory Map.
Back issues are $3 each or six for $1 .'».
Price iiu ludes f'iciglu in llu.' US. Outside
ihe IS add SI per inagii/ine ordered for
Miifate jxjstage. S4 per niaga/iiie lor air
mail postage. All back issues siibjeci lo
availai)ility.
In the Continental US call
TOLL FREE 800-334-0868
(In NC Call 919-275-9809)
Or write to COMPUTi! Back Issues, P.O.
Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA.
Prepayment required in US funds.
MasterCard, Visa and American Express
accepted. North Carolina Residents add 4%
sales tax.
282 COUtWt! May 1983
Wasting Money? We Have ttie Worlds Most
Cost EHective Development System.
Send for
Free BrochLre
VISA AND
HftSTERCABD
ACCEPTED
• Incliifles H..Mki; 1 0, apowertLiI lOO'^a
machine codf? edjfor debugger
ulilily program Ihal makes COdiAg
^^^ (cw 8-biI Micros a snap
■b^H^,4 • Program Irom Commodore VlC-20
" ^^Z keyboard inia buiH-m 4K ROM
«?rnijliTor
• Jumper <o iargel HOW sockcl
• Tc^t programs in circuil
• Buill-m EPHOW programmer afid
powi;( Supply
• Bum^ & tujis EPflOMS lor ihe
Commodore VJC-?0. loo
• Comprehensive manuals
• Fits EXPANSION PORT
PROMOUEEN CARTRfDGE
ONLY S199 U.S. S269 CAN.
+ Prices U.S. Can.
PrornqueGn64 S299.00 S399.00
SK board w 1 Sprom S 29,95 S 39,95
16K board w 1 Eprotn S 39.95 S 49 95
8K ROM board
w/ 1 Eprom-C64 $ 39.95 S 49.95
Distributed in U.S. by AfbUtUS Total Soft, lOG.
4202 Meridian. Suite 214
Bellingham.WA 98226
Ph BOO-426-1253, in Washington 206-733-0*104
Distributed in Canada by
IBC/DlstributJon Canada
4D47 Gamble St.. Vancouver. BC V5Z 2X9
Ph 604-879-7812
VIC & 64
BEA COPY CAD
(CASSETTE AIDED DUPLICATOR) NOW YOU CAN
MAKE BACKUP COPIES OF ALL THE COSTLY.
NONSAVEABLE CASSETTE PROGRAMS YOU
BOUGHT
OUR BACKUP VI .O UTILITY PROGRAM WILL
LET YOU MAKE DUPLICATES THAT RUN.
BACKUP V1.0 WILL WORK WITH A STANDARD
5K UNEXPANDED VIC MEMORY EXPANSION IS
REQUIRED TO COPY POOGRAMS LONGER THAN
3K BYTES
S24.95
PLUS S2 00 SHIPPING & HANDLING
CENTER LINE MFG. INC.
P.O. BOX 205
MILFORD SQUARE. PA 18935
(215) 536-2135
VISA, MASTERCARD. AND MONEY ORDERS
PA RESIDENTS ADD BVa SALES TAX.
VIC IS A TRADEMARK OF COMMODORE
VIC-20
COMMODORE 64
APPLE II
THE RECIPE BOX
Now you Can easify store and recall yoar favonie
'ectpes On jfour Commodore tjf Apple compiler THE
RECIPE Box IS a compiele mertu-dfiven disk system
Thai comes wrth mese addrtronal leaTures
SEARCH av UrtiREDlEHT - OnJ^ have a pour>d of
hamburgw in ihe Ifftejer^ Let THE RECIPE SOX
show you all y>e recipei thai you have on iiie thai use
hambuiger, qt any aihef ■rigred'eni you choose
SEARCH SY CATEGORY - CtxJe you. rec-pes as to
bfeaktasl. lunch, d'nr^er. srracks eic
SEARCH BY CATEGORY INGREfflEHT - Any
combinaiion of the above
AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT — THE PECIPE
BOX wril aulomatbcally scale up or do¥rti Ihe amount
ol iftgfedierits you rteed accofding to ho*« many
sarvings you wan
SCREEN OR PRINTED OUTPUT — Have primed
copies to use <r the kiicfien of give to ff>enCs
THE RECIPE BOX requires one disk d»-ive arxJ wili;
run or a 5K V|C-20, Commodcfe 64 or App(e ir-
Please swafy Send chec^ or manev order (or
SI 9 95 to
Aries Marketing Co.
P.O. Box 4196
4200 Shannon Drive
Baltimore, Md. 21205
Md. residents add 5% sales tax
FOR ATARI^^
Specialty Software
ZIZA PRESENTS
Educational Programs
• CHRISTIAN SIGNS & SYMBOLS
in colorful graphics. Latifi & Greek crosses.
Sign of the Fish, Chrismon. Monogram of
Jesus. r\/lanymore. Music. Excellent (or
home study or Church. Tape 1&K 14.95 Disk
24K16 95
• THE STORY OF CREATION
as It is in the Bool< of Genesis, Text in King
James version. Learn original Hebrew words.
High res graphics. Over forty frames! Creation
of [VJan in animation. A learning experience.
Disk only. 48K 19.95
Ziza Presents Inc.
2257 Independence
Ann Arbor, Ml 48104
CIneck or money order
IVIichigan residents add 4% tax
Atari TM of Atari Inc.
LARGEST Selection of
Computer Books
ON THE east coast
Books shipped within 24 hours
Toll-tree order line
Retail discounts + terms
Individual orders accepted
(prepayment required)
We stock the latest books from:
Addison-Wesley
Alfred Dilithium
A resort
Ballinger
Birkhauser
Brady
William C. Brown
CBI
Chilton
Compusoft
Compute!
Creative Computing
Design Enterprise
W,H. Freeman
Harper & Row
Hayden
McGraw-Hill
Osborne
Que
Howard W. Sams
Sybex
TAB
Weljer
John Wiley
Call Of write for our complete catalog
THE BOOK Carrier
9121 Industrial Court • Caitlnersburg, MD 20877
TO 1/258- 1 177 800/638-4108
'H^^' THE MOST COMPLETE LIST OF
EDUCATIONAL COLOR COMPUTER •
PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES
$f!00
Onty
A parlial lisl —
• Add • Biology
• Algebra • Weaiher Forecaster
• Alphabet * Physics
• Planeiarv Positions
■ Flash cards (or German, French
Spanish, Slates and Capitars
Programs lor — TflS 80 Color Computer.
VIC 20. Atari 400, Timex-Sinclair
Many morel From Kindergarten through gradjale
courses Air cassettes *^'^ each Wnie for free Jisi
MOSES ENGINEERING COMPANY
P O Sox 1I03S * Ardmore Hwy Station
HjntsviKe. Alabama 35305
(M5j a3?-3356
«VIC-20»
CASSETTE SOFTWARE
FOR THE STANDARD VIC
MODULAR MUSIC $20.00
Easy compos* & cdil.
Save to tape loo!
MICRO-SyNTH SISOO
Scales , octavei , envelopes
EL-CALC S15.00
Simplify circuit design
DEMO- VIC $10.00
A useful program (Or
all VIC owners
(plus $VSO postage&handling)
N.V.S. Residents add 7% SalesTax
Dealer Inquiries Invited.
Send ct^eck or money order to :
6224Tfansit Rd. ,Depew,|s|.Y. 14043
*VlC-20is a reg. trademark of
Commodore Business Maetiines.lnc.
SOFTWARE
COMMODORE 64
ThsSta/f: Polyphonic Music Editors generator.
Enier up to 93 measures of 3 part harmony on
easy to use graptiic display. Disk: S22.95 (or 64.
S17.95 lor VIC- Tape: S19.95 lor M. $14.95 for
vtC. Add J1.50 (or Postage and Handling,
Cfieck or Visa. Master Card accepted.
We have a large selection o( sodware (or Ihe
M— Word Processors, Data Base. Mailing List.
Accounting Package. Spreadsheet. Education-
al Applications. Home and Personal Record
Keeping, Programmers Aids. Games.
ASK FOR FREE CATALOG
PROFESSIONAL MICRO SERVICE
100 W. 22nd St., P.O.B. 7268
Baltimore, Md. 21218
301-366-0010
Dealer inQuirles invKed.
Commodore 64 is a regis tared Irademarti of
Commodore Business Machines.
Mav1983 COMPUrei 283
VIC-20?
Stock Portfolio?
Do you know todays value oj your porljolio?
Do you know the profit or loss on your port foiio?
Get it together with:
"Portfolio Manager"
Requires 16K RAM Expansion a — a f\c
Program nn Cassette Tape: %p^y m7J
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
BASIC BYTE, INC.
P.O. BOX 924. SOUTHFIELD. .M! 48n.17-n93-4
Phone Orders: 1-800-835-2246 Ext. 237
Kansas Residents: 1-800-362-2421 Ext. 237
V]S.A AN-p M.^SlTKt:AR[} Ai.x:HPiEn
.\\ichipir Kcuacnls idd 4 r Sitc^ Tax
- DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED -
New! Unique! Joy Stick Holder
TRAY APPROX to
JOV STICK NOT INCLUDED
Only $9.95 each
■For use on- Alan 400/800 Vic-SOCompuief Radio Shack
Texas Insirumenls. Sears Video Aicade * Alan VCS
■Greaicr Accuracy 'Reduces Faligue "Jusi Snap m place
'Real Arcade Action 'Highei Scorrng 'Resis or lap
■ ■■^■DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED!^ ^H
Send check or money orCnr lor $9.95 • S200 (Postage
and Handling) - Total S1 1 95 each
TO THEND-TEK CORP.
P O Bo« 1393, N Miami Beach, FL 33160-1393
PLEASE PfriNI
Enclosed is my check tor S
Please send me Joy Slick Holders
TIMEX
SINCLAIR
1000
SiNGLAIRZXSI
iliiiglliREiii
SOFTSYlMC^IlMiL
14 E.34t)iSt.NY,MY 10016
212-e85-2G80
Address
City
■ inAV COLOR UAV UARV SORRV N^ OD S^«
VIC-COMMODORE-
HOBBYIST
VIC 20 4 slot expaticJer board S44*
COMMODORE 64 7 slot expandt^r
board S69*
VIC 20 24 static RAM with slots
for up to8K EPROM $159*
COMMODORE 64 EPROM card slots
forupto4 2732 EPRGMs S59*
VIC 20/COMMODORE 64 300
baud modein with terminal emula-
tor software $89*
8085 based CRT electronics $249*
•plus shipping and fiandling
Washington residents add sales tax
To order: phone toll free
1-800-858-8020
BAZ Electronics
RO. Box 4895 Federal Way, Wft 98003
. 1206) 874-3029 [7=x=>
[MnTHCVflj
Intelligent Software For
All Commodore Computers
Copycalc is an affordable electronic spread-
sheet which turns your video screen into o win-
dow on a matrix of numbers. Cursor o round the
matrix, enter numbers; the totals reflect the
changes, Vou can save the matrix to disk or tape,
or print it or your printer. For S20 [S 15 with onothef
progtom), this program might justify the cost of
yourcomputer. Requires 6k KPM; smaller version
available for a standard VIC,
Word Processor Plus was not designed to be
an expensive toy; it was designed solely to facil-
itate correspondence, for o wide range of per-
sonal and business uses, quickly and easily, with
a minimum of training and frustration on the pari
of its user, and ot the least possible cost, both in
hardware ond software. The most thoroughly
tested, useable word processor available at
anywhere near the price, S25; 10k RAM, printer
req'd,, RS-232C version available for VIC and 64.
Also available: Baseball Manager, o sports-
documentation program; and Inventory, a
perpetual inventory control program for a small
retail business (various reports, multiple vendors);
S30 eoch; 10k RAM req'd.. printer suggested
Prices Include documentation and shipping:
Calif, residents add 6%. Please specif/ hardwore
configuration when ordering. Sorry, no games
available,
Williatn Dobbins, Box 3745. Son Rolaal, CA 94912
^^B Anadex®
^^^P 9500 Nylon
^^^ Replacement
Cartridge Ribbons*
AnodBx"* 950D Nylon Beplocemenf Cartridges.
manulactuiea Dy Asoen Ribbons. Inc , are now
available lor delivery
Prices ronge from So 75 to 513 00 Oepending
on ihe Quanlity ordered Colors are avoiiooie by
special request 'or an addiTionol S2 00 per
ribbon— choose irom red green, blue brown,
or purple
Call or write tor ¥OUH FREE CAIAIOGUE '
Aspen Ribbons, Inc is nol ottilialed witri
Ar^odex Inc
I
Aspen Ribbons, Inc. uodn ssm street
Boulder, CO 80301-2796 (3D3)444-40S<)
End User Orders 600-525-0646
wtioiesdle Orders 8D0-52S-9966 Telex 45-005S
UNICALC
(-) (+)
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
PROGRAM FOR
VIC-20
• CALCULATOR DISPLAY
• TWO r^EMORY REGISTERS
• ARITHMETIC. TRIG. ETC,
5li. CASSETTE S7.95 + 75c SH^PP1^G
MN RESIDENTS ADD 6",. TAX
ALLEGIANCE ENTERPRISES
P 0 BOX 8939
WHITE SEAR LAKE. MN 551 10
l.liT OF OTHEK SOHTWARE FRF.F.
i,IF,Al FKSSOCtJHl
C64 FORTH
for the
Commodore 64
Fl^. 'Forth Implementation including:
• Full feature screen editor and assembler
• Forth 79 Standard ComnianJs with
extensions
• Hl^^h reioiiiruin. 16 color chnnicfer and
sprite yriiphics
• Full I: O alkiwirii? IEEE carrridpe and Basic
Jara Hie ijumpabilirv
• ThrL'e voice tone and music synthesizer
• Detailed itianual with examples and
RASIC-FORTH conversions
• Tr;ice leatLire tor Debufj^mn
599-95 - Disk Version
(Works with 1540 or 1541 Disk)
or Casserce Version
(Cominndort- ti4 IS a trademark ol Cnmmodorel
PERFORMANCE
MICRO PRODUCTS
770 Dedham Sti-L-et, S-2
Canton, MA 02021
(617)828-1209
32k RAM
FOR
ATARI 400/800
• Gold-plated edge
connectori
• Compatabllity witli
Atari 400/800
• No blur
Deafer Inquiries Invited
800-Z37-8931
In Fla.s 8I3-577-Z70*
Tech* Data Corporation
3251 Tech Drive North
St Petersburg. FL 33702
2B4 COMPUni fv1oy19S3
zsm
i^ VIAC
A BUSINESS LIST AND LABEL PRO-
GRAM FOR THE COMMODORE 64
COMPUTER- SUPPLIED ON DISK IN AN
AHRACTIVE 3 RING BINDER. <3O00
YOU'RE COMMANDER OF THE ULTI-
M^TE WAR MACHINE, A NUCLEAR SUB-
MARINE. DISK OR CASSETTE. $2500
EEES
A FUGHT SIMULATOR GAME FOR THE
COMMODORE 64* COMPUTER. CAS-
SEHE OR DISK. $0500
£U£IE '"^ WILSHIRE DRIVE
••■•■■ MT PSOSPECT IL 60056
SOnWARI 312/394-5165
■tfGST£R£D VlnDEW^^K O" CQf^.vCOC'^E BUSINESS \\AC-inES
VIC INTERFACE to ANY CASSETTE
This adapier will arlow you lo connect mosi any audio
cassette recorder to the ^10-20', COM-6d'. PET*
CBM" or any Commodore Computers that inlerlacc v.-\i\i
the Datasetie* Although the VlAC is an aiternaiivo to
the Ualasette, il can be a poweriui untiancement to your
system p'oviding new capabilities
• Record verbal remarks directly on program tape, save
memory space and run under pj-ogram control
*3electab3e Read Wnie Polarity allows your cassette to
be compaiabie with most any other cassette including
ihe Datssene
• Allows playback of audio tape to tape duplications
made with another cassette Much mare! This is the
original one as featured m the New Products section of
COMPUTE' (Oct 62) Othe- adaptors do not have Ihe
lealures and capabihties of Iho VIAC Slill only $49 95
Isfew' The VAAB Video Aud'io AdapteF Bok This device
m coniunction wflh Ihe VIAC will allow you to playback
the audio portions o( your Vjc & 64 tapes directly through
the TV or monitor speaker and connect lo Video Re-
corder input. Amaze your tnends, add your own voice to
your programs then play it oack through TV speaker
Complete instructions included
All this tor only $24 95, Kil 51595. Plans only S5 95
Comtw Special VIAC VAABS67 50
Include S2.5D Shipping orde^
Check, money order, COD(+-200), Visa MC( + 4''o}.
Cal^^(+6''o1axl
INTEGRATED CONTROLS (714)541-0181
1 240- L LOG AN AVE. Dealer Inquiries Inxiled
COSTA MESA. CA 92626 'TM of Commodore
!«««« Software For
j^ -tii Commodore 64
CCDMFE1_I_0 . , ,»1S.9S
D«"r«F" 1 i_e tl3. 93
F-|_ IQHT- <£>■« •IS. 95
QLJIMSI-irslQEIR «15.'?S
l_aAM Cftt—C: » 9.9S
SP#*CE C«DE-r,.. -•15.95
SI=El_L-(=|-rHO(M »19.9S
SPRITE 13EIVJ tl5.'?5
-Prices *re iar cassette, *dd »2
^or disl< v«rsion.
-Checl<, no, or Cao far tot»l
order pluft 42 shipping-
See your dealer or order direct
FANTASY COMPUTERWARE
BOK 4ft1
BIOUX I
ox FALLS, BO. DAK- BT 10 J A^ :■* '^ X
1605) 333-7634 V? S, J^i^^a)*'
VIC— 320
VI C— 30
vi cz—tzo
NO HORE
CHECK
WRITINQ
VIC— 20
VIC— 20
VIC— 20
BIL-I_
IRITER/SUMMrtRY
BILL MRITER/SUMMARV Mas designed
■for home accounts on the VIC-20
COMPUTER. Four(4) options are
provided ranging -from viewing
monthly account data/checks on
the screen to printing monthly
account data/checks. You can use
your current personal checks. NO
SPECIAL C^CCKS ARE NEEDED.
Accounts paid data can be written
to tape -for use with BILL SUMMARY
to provide yearly SLiinmaries of
accounts for tax purposes. Tape
drive, extra 16K memory and SO
column printer raquirsd. To
order, mail check you i4l 1 1 use in
printer to DHL RESEARCH
ASSOCIATES, INC. , 792t Berner St.,
Long Beach, CA 90S0S for »49.93
plus S3. 00 shipping.
Use the handy
reader service
cards in the back
of the nnagazine
for infornnation
on products
advertised in
COMPUTE!
Verbatim®
Diskettes
Top-quality Verbatim'^ Diskettes
from Tech* Data, your complete
word and data processmg supply
center. Dealer inquiries Invited.
Call Toil Free ^
1-800-237-8931.
In Florida, call
813-577-2794.
LS
Tech •Data Corporation
3251 Tech Drive. North
St. Petersburg, FL 33702
Write lor your
free catalog of
Software
and
Books
for your
PET, VIC
and
Commodore 64
TIS, Inc.
Box 921 Dept. C
Los Alamos, NM 87544
SOFTWABE SUPER SAVINGS
vic-sa
-re.-. uisT ft
l-iVhJ-TMESf JUWO , . . ■^^. •#•? SiSf. '»S 0) Qk
vit= r^o^^T,. ^.^...-^ s-*.-,^ ^ .
«i=r*i_E t'.AMK; »,. j^i- . ^^-^ i'».'?r> (^ (X
.f*a xf*fJMi.. » T y -__. ?w. *,•*,. «-».^r-, ^ (^
IH.»<^tIM r IMI_ -.,, T^,.-*-* 'm.'f'. k.*
■ f^«<r.«<,i.,'M4U .... ^■=-.-r'» rtA. -,-r^. iC fe
vt LMTtir-mM m ..,, atz.l** ^♦'•.li'M ^'*'
» T-JW TEC T tl** ..... 3111, i*"^ .a-^.-^S i 1^
'-'^ST i^iit>v ... — s-^. w r^-p.-w^ Ul&
•-•ESMi^ T -rcft ..... i:^ . -^-^ :s-9 . fn Q ^
i^oixcj r F'r^r-i it: ... ^-^ . •wv 3:'v . -v^ ^ ff
'"t>-'*^i-tut* ........ s"^ * '^"^ J'?', vn
Tur^MCiL. =.>.^^ -.^.-^r, Q
1 LJiv T I ii- nnnf*^ ICO i?V_ ■»«^ :»»»_ -vf, to X
i.ni, ran r-F*LiMSit.C. T j-s-. <*«» ss- . ■? =
HiocrwiNUKiH. T :=!<:,. •9's- ^^.s.r- qS
■^^,.^». ....... T =r..^«i- ^-..^^^ ^S
^^tCMEC.^ T ,3r..^« ^-l.'i.S ^ OC
^^lc:rtl_t^ . „, 1- ic..<,f» 1 *t . -i-s S V"
(il- iKBT irrt- ...., T-.-^'^ ^.-^H. ^^ S
.r^l I 1--^ t I M i-^nt J ..H . ■ -t *.,J Q *•
P.O. Bo» 9fl»0-«
T'CT. Ml 4aogo The Computer Cxpre//
UntM Ci!«rfl«''Vlu/ChKks/U9nnr Drd«i/COO-i «£C^|wt,
Add $2,00 shipplnf LtSA. UiU^J^AI iH:lilsnti afij 4 % ul
commodore64s
SHOOXINO OALLERV
lOOX MACHINE CODE
DEALER DISCODUTS
AVAILABLE
EMERALD SOFTWARE
122 BANGOR STREET
LINDENHURST, NY 11757
(516)226-5849
MOY1983 OOMPVni 285
STOP LOOKING!
THIS IS
» UJarE It's Rt! »
FOR THE
COMMODORE 64
Pine] I ffC/otoffKTS InsiitLie
SDf I L«Hri ler ,(20.^/025. 50 Coior flccomtonl il6S
Com'Cola tioni^
EKCOe HfP.,.....JI1.M)/fllS.M ElOmlr-Oer 2!
CCfUllXMl .., * ' SMirm ?J
PakxLKX) ' " Oolo fei^r.., <,...,• Ji
7-D Han tu,.^., ,]5.9S tolD Fenr 1(
CjiicrtiiKiiGr ft li.ii
Tiaer Tonfcs 15. 9S
Toil.
TQtI. TCsI i.o U.M
TjiiL Tiw nonooer 2>4.W
tn»r«atiiM Softwrt
Stellar TfiiHm .,19, W
UlttgrY
SriTye ncbtert .II.H
kiv. ^Ik I Ht tl 12. »
DeMJ* 5J:|ei ..,..„IE.fl
KOfrion .,+ It.D
one Qirwrt!
J0vlllc»5 arc olf»r
occesMries,
LUare Its Htl °' **' ^^""*
(i3|v»icin, 1e«!!i TJSM
BEAT THE HIGH COST
OF SOFTWARE
Before you buy any more software, you
owe II lo yourveU to lOin SC^IHADIRST
the fjsie^r growing worldwide irjding
network, Members ^wap software jnd
info lor all compuiers
Annual membership includeb:
• Quarterly trddirig directories
• Monthly and Hash updates
• Personali/ed irader Itvtings
• Tradet supporl sysiems
• Plus much more
Imagine having jcce^.^ to hundreds, even
ihoufiand^ of p'ugrams, each costing no
more than The price of a ^ump ot phone
call. Join now lo beat the price increase
and find out about Ihe new member S5
oifei. S49.95 U.5, $55.95 FOREIGN- SASE
for info
S^FTRADERS " INTERNATIONAL
1610 Shomaker Dr.
Murphysboro. IL 6296fe
RAM
For ATARI
64K RAM BOARD FOR THE 400
with Lifetime Warranty
• Highest quality available
• Reduces po*er consumplmn
• Reduces heal
64K Board (^oo SI 50
48K Board .4001 $115
32 K Board (4oo/aooi $ 90
fflff SHIPPING ANYWHERE IN U S A
Intec
peripherals
Corp
906 E. Highland Ave-
San Bernardino. CA 92404
2£ (714)881-1533 ^9
ATARI aOO 800 s-p Tiidsmjrki t>l ATARI Inc
^450'"' WEEKLY
working one or two
hours a day with your
personal computer.
GUARANTEED. Simple
program process. No
special skills or ex-
perience. Free
details/application.
BOND INDUSTRIES
71 15 Blanco Road
Dept. 114-178
San AnlonlD.TX 7821 B
PUBLIC DOMAL\, Inc.
- SOFTWARE -
Supporting a II COMMODORE computers
Written by users, for users.
* GAMES * UTILITIES * EDUCATIONAL *
Over nOO programs and growing
VIC colleclJOn a 1 - 70+ programs - Tape/Disk- S 10 00
VIC collecnon fl 2 - 70+ progrartis- Tape, Disk- SI 0 00
ViC colleen on « 3 - 70+ programs- Tape/Disk- SI O.OO
COMMODORE 64
COMMODOREM » 1 -25+programs-Tape/Di5k-S1000
COMMODORE M » 2 - 2S+ prugninis- Tape/Disk - SI 0 00
PET / CBM
PET/CBM - 5 Uulitv - Tapes/Duks - SI 000 each
PETiCBM - 1 1 Giirnu - Tapes/Oisks - 510 00 each
PET/CBM -6 Educalronal - Tapes/Diits - SI 0 00 each
Price includos shipping and handling.
Wfl aro YOU B wprid wide user software connection.
An alternativa to the hi^h cost of software.
CHECK. MONEY ORDERS,
VISA and MASTERCARD accepted.
For A Free Catalog Write:
Public Domain, Inc.
5025 S, Rangeline Rd.. W. Milton, OH 45383
Phone (513) 698-5638
Dealer inquiries welcome.
APPLE / ATARI / COMMODORE
MEASURE & CONTROL
TEMPERATURE
DISPLAY GRAPHICS
HARD COPY OUTPUT
ALARMS & SETPOINTS
DISK FILE DATA STORAGE
1-256 Sensors
Precise to 1/1 00 Degree
Complete Software
$129.00 Package
American Data Cable, Inc.
2864 Ray Lawyer Drive, #205-352
P.O. Box 2212 • Placerville, CA 95667
(916) 622-3465
SMALL
BUSINESS
PROGRAMS for ATARI''
GENERAL LEDGER SYSTEM
A compjeie svsiai' in ofie prpgrjn Designee D> dccountsiis lo
natflie ahv coPitJiniifiOn o< ?Q0 Balance Sfieel ircome and Expense
r^aunTS Menu Cfiven Ic easy entry Mainlriins ,int] pnnrs la Tie
itfeen OT ct'r^i&i C^sn Di$t>iJf5EnierTs Crf&h fleceioi'- Journal Er
Uif*^ Tfi,ji Hd'aiirf! inrnni*' m.nrment -ir'.fl B,ii,inr.r ShfWl f'ul viiiir
48K. DISKETTE ONLY, PRINTER OPTIONAL
0NLYS69.95
MAIL ORDER INVENTORY
Wilh inis new System ycu get r^sui's Designed tor qun" inijinry
anti untJale You mainlair cuirenf invetiiofv feofOer oomts D^it
LOS!', se-'iir.q tifhCe (jiifl Mlf?!iin!oim.i!iGr Vnu j-k. OfOiluLH [tn fhui
48K. DISKETTE ONLY, PRINTER OPTIONAL
ONLY S69.95
BULK RATE MAILER
Lf5e:ni5:jioqr3niltjrr ,j.r r ir ,■■,:■■ ; ■ ::, bo.i-fj^j^esoil r^y/ipcoce
,iGd.'Oe;ele'mqjiTv Ly [I.;-' -. ' -ii' '" -^l i^dr'ie rlv Gf ;ipranf^
Z4K. DISKETTE ONLY. PRINTER
0NLYS29.95
VaU SAVE MDIJEYi GET ALL THRjE ONLY S150.QD
TRADEWINDS SOFTWARE
1205 N Genessn. L A . CA 90046 <ZI3| £56.2139
MlsicrCaii! - Visa - Ctitcls - C D 0 s
VIC/20-C/64
FUTILITY
^ FILE
Electric/Water/Gas/OilfPropane
Residential-Commerical
An extensive energy consumption data processing program
to calculate, display and file. Named unit no. ■ meter
readings Iprior-presentI, costs (daily, interval, subtotal,
totalsl, dates - daily usage plus cost projections.
Any additional entry is minimized as program or data tape
will return all data relative lo next entry, printer option
included.
Tape . .$17.95 ChecWM.O..VISA/MasterCard
Disc. . , .520,95 (U.S. Fundsl Itnclude Exp. Date!
S& H .+52.00 NY. Add Sales Tax
Specify 20.'54 ■ Tape Disc. Sinclair/Atari Write
tNew Tenant File IFor Landlords) - Same Price
Cassette Tapes (10 pl(.l ■ $14.95
FABTRONICS
51 Quarry St, Brockport N.Y. 14420
Dealers Welcome VIC/20 Reqmes +3K Mm.
VtCl20 ■ C«4 Reg. T.M. CommoiJofe Bus. Mach Inc.
286 COMPUTf! May 1983
Personality
Analyzer
Analvi* vavrtaii, your ipoMH, youf d*H,
r«lati*«i, co-Mmrk«n and (ri»n4i.
find! out who vou ftnll 0ri ilortg with,
I, tAo wnJI
Mtaiura compialitMlitv. armmr powmwi.
ri f] PSYCOM
^:y
SOFTWARE p^_
INTERNATIONAL "*'
B
on«„™,,<>,H,*6*M (513) 474-2188
For Your Commodore 64
..forths Cofnmodo
"7^ Scueete^ 0a*He
t*t /<wm!
<ANDY-IVIAIM
.(,$24''
<M ca.3Mtte
AN ARCADE-STYLE GAME
:Jd«<»ai«i» ntjit-fH^jWg
1 00% MMhIn* Languag*— Noifatop Actton
Fagturlngrsat-ttmo v.j^\-m\
Berolling ar>ddual
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VIC- ED
Dealers call ai 2-499-S400 direct for pricing.
NEW ITEMS!
HARDWARE
UPA-20 Standard Centronics Cable SI 9.95
Driver Listing Included!
UCA-20 Universal Cassette Cable SI 9.95
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1 6K RAM'ROM Board Jumpered lor any 8K block
Socketed Board with support chips 524.95
Populated with 8K S49.9S
Populated with 16K $79.95
2716 EPROMs for RAM/ROM Board ... (nS7.50
3 Slot Memory Port Expander S19.95
sorrwARE
WORDWIZ for the Unoxpanded VIC-20. , .$14.95
A nice small word Processor
Mailing List requires SK minimum S14.95
Sorts, selects, and prints laljels
2 FREE DISASSEMBLERS
when ypu send SI for our CATALOG.
MfORLD ELECTRONICS'
177 27th Street
Brooklyn, N.Y. 11232
A CHvisJpn 01 Worid International Trading Corp.
EPROM
PROGRAMMER
271 6 • 2732 • 2732A DEVICES
COMPLETE SYSTEM
READY TO READ, VERIFY or
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PLUGS DIRECTLY INTO VIC-20
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ACCESSORIES NEEDED
SOFTWARE TAPE INCLUDED
ADAPTER KIT AVAILABLE FOR OTHER 6502
BASED COMPUTER SYSTEMS
PLEASE INQUIRE • ADD S3. 50 FOR SHIPPING
MD RESIDENCE ADD 5% TAX
MWS ELECTRONICS visa mc
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VIC-20 IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF COMMODORE
LEARN ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE -VIC-20
OR COMMODORE 64
Tlie ?00 wge book lates you nroujn
assembfy language programming
srep-by slsp using many examples
Soltware included is an assemWer lor
an unexpanded VIC-20. and
an EXTENDED asSHllbler (in
eluding MACROS) (or an en
panded VIC-JO or COMMO-
DORE.W. 3 full MACHINE
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pile BINARV-HEX (ulorial
and exerciser
MC.'VISA ACCEPTED
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Alio AaallaUle VIC
MACHINE LANGUAGE GUIDE S5.95
□ ui SI CO DDita;e
mnmni
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P.O. Box 7Z11. Grand Rapids, Ml 49510
TelephDne; (616) 241-5510
PRINTER RIBBONS
lop quallly low prices
For Each
ATARI 820 (blcl<.rd.gm.bfv;(n.prpll S 5 00
ATARI 825 (black) 3 for 10 50
EPSON MX80. SOFT. 70 (black) 7.50
EPSON MX100 (cartridge -black) 14 75
CENTRONICS 739 (Zip-Pack - bik) 3 fon2 50
CENTRONICS 737. 739(spool-blk) 3for10 50
CENTRONICS 101 (black) 6.00
DIABLO HYTYPE II (nylon -black) 5 50
OKIDATA 80,82A.83A.84 (black) 3 for 10 50
TRSeOLIneprmter I, II. IV (black) 5 00
TRS 80 Lineprmter III. V (black) 10 00
Tl 810 (black) 3 lor 12.00
Tl 820 (black) 5.75
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IBM 5256.3287,4974 (spool - black) 3.25
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Add SI 00 S&H tor each 3 ribbons or less
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DEALERS: REDUCED PRICES OFFERED ON
ORDERS OF 12 OR MORE. MANY OTHER
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RS232C Computer compatible
Paper Tape Transmitter/Model 612
Stops and starts on character at all speeds,
uses manual control or X-on, X-off 90-260
volt. 50-60 Hz power 50-9600 baud, up to 150
char/sec synchronous or asynchronous;
gated internal or external clock. RS 232C,
current loop or parallel output, reads 5-8 level
tape. 7-11 frames per character, even or odd
parity. Desk top or rack mount
Addmaster Corporation, 415 Junlpero Serra
Drive, San Gabriel, CA 91776. (213) 285-1121,
Tele* 674770 Addmasier SGAB
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Mov1983 COMPUTI! 287
Advertisers Index
Reader Service Number/ Advertiser Page Reader Service Number/ Advertiser Page Reader Service Number/ Advertiser Page
Aotdvatk 125
Abacus Software 93.287
102 A B Computers 130.131
103 Academy Software 213
Access Software Inc 55
Addmaster Corp 287
104 Adventure tnternatlonol 73
105 Adventure International 75
106AftineInc 272
Ttie Alien Group 107
Allegiance Enterprises 284
107 Allen tvlacrowore 258
Alptiacom 78.79
108 Americon Data Cable, Inc 286
109 American Peripherols 253
Anthro-Digttal Software 236
110 A-1 Computer Services 286
Apple Country Limited 239
111 Apropos Tectinologv •■■■■■ 10''
112 Arbutus Total Soft. Inc 283
Aries tiflarketing Co 283
113 Aspen Ribbons, Inc 284
Atari.Inc 22.23.31
114Afto-Sofl 195
115 TtieAvalon Hill Game Co 13
116 Bosic Byte. Inc 284
117 Bofteries Included 77
118 Botteries Included 161
1« Boz Electronics 284
120 B. Dolton Bookseller 175
Bond Industries 286
121 The Bool< Carrier 283
Boston Educational Computing, Inc 139
122 BrcJderbund Software IV
123B«iderbundSoftwore 19
Cab-tek.!nc 163
124Cardco,lnc 117
Cass A-Tapes 270
125 Center Line Ivlfg. Inc ,,. 263
126 Century Micro 265
127 Century fvlicro Products 280
CESottware 216
Comm'Doto - 87
Commercial Data Systems Ltd 53
Commodore 64 Users Group 287
238 Commodore Business tvtoc hines. Inc BC
Communications Electronics 60,96
128 Compu Sense 1S5
129 Compu Sense 191
130 Compu Sense 24S
131 Compu Sense 265
132 Compu Sense 272
133CompuSewe ■■29
134 ComputAijility 187
135 ComputAbilitv 193
136 Computer Case Co 276
Computer Creations, Inc 158
137 Ttie Computer Express ,- 285
138 Computer tvlail Order 94,95
139 Computer Market! ng Services Inc 205
140 ComputerlVlot 152
Computer Outlet 113,114,115
Computer Power internotionol 277
Computer Products by (\4atl 61
Computer Software Associates 187
Compuwoy, Inc - 275
MIComStar 273
Continental Software 63
Cosmic Computers 271
Creative Software 49
142C.R.P 287
143 Dota Equipment Supply Corp 189
Data most 11
Datosoftinc 81
144Dato20 ^^'^^
145 Digitol Interface Systerns Co 120
146 Don't Ask Computer Software 173
147 Dorsett Educational Systems. Inc 142
Dynocomp 157
Dytek '"0
East Coast Software 215
148 Eastern House 267
Educational Softwore. Inc 59,134.135
Edupro .
133
149 Elcomp Publistiing. Inc 67
150 E mlDossy Computer Products 88
151 Emerald Software 285
EPVX I Automated Simulations S3
152 Eric Martin's 217
153 ESD 287
Fabtronics 286
154 fantasy Computerware 285
FCC Inc 1W
Financ iol Software Plus 167
First Star Software. Inc 57
155 Foxfire Systems. Inc 237
154 Frencti Silk 149
Frontrunner Computer Industries 274
Gator Marketing 273
Gemini Electronics 237
157 Genesis Computer Corp 164
Get Computerized Inc 221
158 GP Microsystems 245
Honna Enterprises 280
Hcppv Computing 111
Hcrmony Video & Electronics 280
Hoyden Book Company Inc. 123
Heartland Software 278
159 HewifTs Computer Stiop 281
House of Softwore 268
Humon Engineered Softwore 35
160 Hytec Systems 269
ntiome Softwore 105
Intec Periptierols Corp -. 286
Integroted Controls 285
161 Intelligent Software 284
Interesfing Software 213
162 JinI Micro-Systems. Inc 165
JMC 258
163kalglo : 274
Leading Edge IFC.IBC
Limbic Systems Inc 207
Link Marketing 74
164Lood20 164
London Software 21
Luna Software 88
165 Lyco Computer 170.171
166 Macro EVnomics . 160
167 Mocrotronics 61
(Mlagreeable Software 212
168 Microbits Peripheral Products 173
169 Micro-80 Inc 265
Microspec 249
Micro Systems Exctiange HI
170 Micro-Wore Distributing, Inc 91
171 Micro World Electronix Inc 210
172 Midwest Micro Associates 160
173 Midwest Micro Associates 223
174 Miles Computing 203
175 MMG Micro Software 71
Monorcli Data Systems 175
Mosoic Electronics 4.46.195
Moses Engineering Co 283
Ttie Music Workstiop 221
176 MWS Electronics 287
177 NEXA Corp Wl
178 Nibbles & Bits, inc 152
179Nufekop '"
180 OEM. Inc ■''''
OHM/Electronics 273
Olympic Soles Company 266
Omni Unlimited 254
Optimai Teclinology 269
181 Optimized Systems Software 103
Pocific Coast Softwore Corporation 85
Pocific Exctianges 66.145
PCTechnoiogy 245
182 Ttie People's Computer Supply 269
183 Percom Data .^7
Performance Micro Products 284
184Pixell 270
PM Software ™
185 Powerbyte Software Vo In
Precision Softwore 178.179
186 Precision Tectinology Inc. MS
P.RLCE 120
187 Professional Micro Service 283
Professional Software 1-"
Progrom Design Inc 1^1
188 Programmer's Institute 137
189 Programmer's Institute 151
The Program Store 1*7'
190 Protecto Enterprizes 119
191 Protecto E nterpr izes ''21
192 Protecto Enterprizes • ^42
193 PR Software 270
194 Psycom Software Internotionol 287
195 Pubiic Domain, Inc 286
196QuQlitYCompb'ter 273
197 Quantum Dota, Inc. - 191
198 Quick Brown Fox 163
199 Rainbow Computer Corporation 93
RCE 217
200 ROE 279
201 Recorded Publicotions Labs 274
202 Richvole Telecommunications 89
203Romoxlnc 30
Romoxinc 31
204 Royal Software 217
SAVE 148
205S©ctor1 279
206 Sierro On-Line, Inc 69
Sirius Software 39
SJB Distributors 153
207 Skyles Electric Works , 177
208 Skyles Electric Works 209
Small Systems Engineering 159
209 Soft-Aware 245
210 Softroders Internotional 286
211 Softsync, inc 284
Software Asylum Inc 216
SoftworeCity 124
ttie Software Connection 264
212 The Software Co-op 56
Software Publist-iers Inc 195
213 Software To Go 224
Southern Solutions 65
214 Southwest Micro Systems Inc 247
Spectra Vdeo 27
215 Spellmaster Systems Software 181
Spinnaker 2,3,6,7
216 Star Softwore 287
Stortech 41
Steven Easton 175
Strategic Simulations Inc 45
217subLOGIC 61
Suburban Electronics 283
218 Susie Software 285
Synapse 25
219 Syntox Software Inc 210
Tara Computer Products 169
220 Tech E)ota Corporation 284
221Tech Data Corporation 285
Tech-Sketch, Inc 30
222 Tele Soft, Inc 275
223 Tele Soft, Inc 277
3-G Company, Inc 243
T.LSInc 285
tmq Softwore, Irx; 31
Topologic 248
224 Toronto Pet Users Group 181
225 Tofl Software Inc 223
Tradewinds Software 286
Trend-Tek Corp 284
226Tronix HIS
UHLResearch Associates, Inc 285
Unicomm 243
United Computer 127
227 United Microware Industries, Inc 51
228 United Microware Industries, Inc 147
University Microfilms I nt'l 275
229 The Users Group Warehouse 197
U,S Technologies 272
230 Victory Software Corp WO
231 VIP Enterprise WS
232Volce World 160
233 Voyager Software 212
234 Ware irsAtI 286
235 World Electronics 287
236 York 10 Computerwar© 43
237 Zephyr Micros 276
Ziza Presents Inc. 283
COMPUTE! Back Issues 282
COMPUTE! Subscriber Services 221
COMPUTEfs Gozette for Commodore 33
Every Kid's First Book of Robots
andComputers ■■• w
Progiomnner's Reference Guide For The
T1-99/4A 221
288 COMPUTi! rvtoylPSS
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PRtNTiW^STERF-TO
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IF YOU OWN ACOMMODORE COMPUTER,
YOU KNOW IT CAN DO ALLTHIS.
1
BUSINESS
GAMES
EDUCATION PROGRAMMING
BUT DID YOU KNOW FOR ABOUT $100,
YOU CAN ALSO GET IT TO DO ALLTHIS?
COMR U STORE
CnTAGOR ICS 1
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1
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a. CftVSTAt-
COMPU SERVE
ENCYCLOPEDIA
SHOP AT HOME
ft-
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TRAVEL
INFORMATION
more versatile they can be with
. the addition of a Commodore
VICMODEM.
For around SlOO, the
Commodore VICMODEIM
will turn your VIC 20 or
— Commodore 64 computer
into a telecomputer.
To make matters even better,
Commodore includes a few little
extras ( such as a free hour's time
on the two most popular telecom-
puting services! that add up to a
value of S197.50* A nice return on
The screens at the top of the
page show a few examples of
how versatile the VIC 20'" or
Commodore 64"' can be with the
addition of Commodore software.
The screens below them give
you a few examples of how much
USA POflc«503 Con5h<jlio<:<en PA1S42S Zimrb 3370PtMrrT.3cvA»enue.AgincouM,0"ilai.o.CanadaMlW2M •Ceil»noHeissubiecltociian9e
Compubei\e s a l-oa.mii. ol ComOJSor.o. Inc jwl H 1 B S\x. Co Da«v jorts News Holnoul Serv.ee .5 » rja.Mfe(J i;aMni.ii'k ol
D<j«v Jotie! 4 Co Inc The Source is e servic* nan ol Source "elKomoulmg Coicotsnor. a subMliaiv ol Readef 5 Oi9«sl ccrpotation irc
COMMODORE EMPLOYMENT
INFO. NETWORK OPPORTUNITIES
an investment of aboutSIOO.
Most computer companies
think it's reasonable to ask as
much as S500 for a modem that'll
give you telecomputing capabili-
ties such as ours.
However, with a VICMODEM
priced at around S100, we think
we're being a lot more reason-
able. Don'tyou agree?
ft commodore
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